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Topic: Dichloromethane

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	753. Dichloromethane (WHO Food Additives Series 30)
		When dichloromethane was administered orally in single gavage doses for 14 consecutive days at treatment levels of 50 mg/kg bw in water or 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw in corn oil, rapid absorption and elimination of dichloromethane characterized the treatment in water while distinctly slower trends were found for the doses in corn oil.
		As dichloromethane is metabolized to carbon monoxide which binds reversibly to haemoglobin and is eliminated by exhalation, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model which describes the combined kinetics of carbon monoxide, carboxyhaemoglobin, and parent dichloromethane was developed and applied to examine the inhalation kinetics of carbon monoxide and of dichloromethane in rats and humans.
		Dichloromethane was given by oral gavage at doses of 39, 425, and 1275 mg/kg bw to groups of 22, 8, and 15 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively, both 21 h and 4 h before sacrifice.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v30je08.htm (12583 words)

	ChemAlliance Case Study: Increasing Strip Temperature in Kettle Reduces Downstream Dichloromethane Emissions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In one, dichloromethane is heat-stripped from the aqueous phase in the wash kettle.
		The stripped dichloromethane is condensed and recovered, and the aqueous phase is sent to a steam stripper for further stripping before discharging to the wastewater effluent treatment system.
		Increasing the strip temperature in the wash kettle results in less dichloromethane being discharged in the aqueous phase to the steam stripper and subsequently lower emissions from the vent on the steam stripper.
	www.chemalliance.org /Handbook/plant/case_study.asp?CSID=150 (263 words)

	EPA Ground Water & Drinking Water > breadcrumb? > Consumer Factsheet on: DICHLOROMETHANE
		Dichloromethane (DCM) is a colorless organic liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor.
		Short-term: EPA has found dichloromethane to potentially cause the following health effects when people are exposed to it at levels above the MCL for relatively short periods of time: Damage to the nervous system and to blood.
		The regulation for dichloromethane became effective in 1994.
	www.epa.gov /safewater/dwh/c-voc/dichloro.html (870 words)

	Dichloromethane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dichloromethane is a nonflammable, volatile liquid that is slightly soluble in water, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, and organic liquids.
		Dichloromethane is incompatible or reactive with strong oxidizers; caustics, chemically-active metals such as aluminum, magnesium powders, potassium, and sodium; and concentrated nitric acid.
		Synonyms for dichloromethane are methylene chloride and methylene dichloride.
	www.nsc.org /xroads/chemicals_htm/dichloromethane.htm (1128 words)

	CEPA Environmental Registry - Code of Practice for the Reduction of Paint Stripper Dichloromethane Emissions
		Since dichloromethane has low water solubility and is denser than water, excess dichloromethane remaining on the metal part settles to the bottom of the rinsing tank.
		It is important to note that lower dichloromethane content paint strippers may not remove the paint from auto body surfaces as rapidly as paint strippers with a higher dichloromethane content.
		It is important to note that lower dichloromethane content paint strippers may not remove the paint from building surfaces as rapidly as paint strippers with a higher dichloromethane content.
	www.ec.gc.ca /CEPARegistry/documents/code/furn_ref/c2.cfm (5084 words)

	Dichloromethane: chloromethanes, photolytic chlorination, chronic toxicity studies
		Dichloromethane is produced at eight plants in Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and the UK.
		Emissions of dichloromethane during manufacturing, processing and use are mainly to the atmosphere and to a lesser extent to water.
		For dichloromethane, 23 data for fish, 17 data for invertebrates and 6 data for algae were evaluated using the quality criteria recommended by EU authorities.
	www.eurochlor.org /index.asp?page=343 (561 words)

	Dichloromethane - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dichloromethane was first prepared in 1840 by the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault, who isolated it from a mixture of chloromethane and chlorine that had been exposed to sunlight.
		Dichloromethane is the least toxic of the simple chlorohydrocarbons, but it is not without its health risks as its high volatility makes it an acute inhalation hazard.
		Dichloromethane is a mutagen/teratogen and crosses the placenta, causing fetal toxicity in women who are exposed to it during pregnancy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dichloromethane (594 words)

	Process for the preparation of difluoromethane - Patent 5744659
		Difluoromethane is prepared by reacting dichloromethane and hydrogen fluoride in a liquid phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst under reaction conditions in which the reaction pressure is between 1 and 10 kg/cm.sup.2 ab., and the reaction temperature is between 50 and 150.degree.
		A process for preparing difluoromethane comprising reacting dichloromethane and hydrogen fluoride in a liquid phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst, wherein the reaction pressure is between 1 and 10 kg/cm.sup.2 ab., and the reaction temperature is between 50.degree.
		It is known that R32 is prepared by reacting dichloromethane (hereinafter referred to as "R30") with hydrogen fluoride (HF) in a gas or liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5744659.html (2684 words)

	NPI: Dichloromethane fact sheet
		Dichloromethane is principally used as a solvent in paint removers and as an aerosol propellant.
		Dichloromethane is used in the food industry as an extraction solvent for spices, caffeine (decaffeinated coffee), and hops.
		Dichloromethane is an organic solvent that is clear and colourless and has a mild sweet odour.
	www.npi.gov.au /database/substance-info/profiles/34.html (1525 words)

	Dichloromethane (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 71, 1999)
		Dichloromethane is used principally as a solvent, in paint removers, degreasers and aerosol products, and in the manufacture of foam polymers.
		Dichloromethane was tested by oral administration in the drinking-water in one study in mice and one study in rats, by inhalation exposure in two studies in mice, three studies in rats and one study in hamsters and by intraperitoneal injection in a lung adenoma assay in mice.
		Dichloromethane induced DNA single-strand breaks in mammalian cell cultures, but inconclusive or negative effects were reported for induction of gene mutations.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol71/004-dichloromethane.html (713 words)

	[No title]
		Removal of dichloromethane from synthetic waste gas was possible down to concentrations well below the maximal allowable concentration of 150 mg/m3 required by West-German law for gaseous emissions.
		At higher dichloromethane concentrations specific dichloromethane degradation rates of 200 g/h m3 were possible.
		Dichloromethane elimination with the tricklebed bioreactor was modelled using an overall mass-transfer coefficient that was gas dependent on the gas and liquid velocities.
	www.usc.edu /dept/civil_eng/biofilters/f48.html (234 words)

	PSL5: Typical Experiment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		She inverted the funnel, vented it, swirled it, vented it, shook the funnel, vented it again, then placed the funnel in the ring clamp to allow the layers to separate.
		Then she returned the lower dichloromethane layer to the separatory funnel and extracted with a second portion of dilute sodium hydroxide solution.
		The dichloromethane solution, which now contained only the neutral component, was returned to the separatory funnel and washed excessively with water (to remove inorganic, water-soluble contaminants) and brine (to remove water from the organic phase).
	www.chem.ualberta.ca /~orglabs/x61web/frames/psl5/fr_psl5_exp.html (330 words)

	Caffeine via UV
		Carefully transfer (via Pasteur pipet) the dried dichloromethane solution from the Erlenmeyer to a filter (Pasteur pipet containing a cotton plug) and collect the filtrate in a 25 mL volumetric flask.
		Carefully transfer the dried dichloromethane solution from the Erlenmeyer, using a Pasteur pipet, to a 25 mL volumetric flask.
		Wash the sodium sulfate with 1 mL of dichloromethane; transfer, using the Pasteur pipet, the dichloromethane wash solution to the volumetric flask.
	www.bradley.edu /las/chm/Course/351/Caffeine_via_UV-vis.htm (631 words)

	Dichloromethane Degradation Pathway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dichloromethane is a highly volatile solvent which finds application in a wide variety of industrial and commercial processes.
		Although dichloromethane is a potential carcinogen, the EPA Toxic Release Inventory reports that U.S. industrial discharges of dichloromethane amounted to 29,000 metric tons in 1994, down from 46,000 in 1990.
		A glutathione-dependent substitution which converts dichloromethane to inorganic chloride and formaldehyde (a central metabolite in methylotrophic growth) is the principal metabolic reaction in this degradation pathway.
	umbbd.msi.umn.edu /dcm/dcm_map.html (233 words)

	Spectrum Laboratories : Chemical Fact Sheet - Cas # 75092
		Dichloromethane is not expected to bioconcentrate in the food chain,
		Project, dichloromethane was found at 640 ug/l in effluent stream from sulfate pulp mill.
		of dichloromethane discharged was est to be 40 ton/yr.
	www.speclab.com /compound/c75092.htm (823 words)

	PSL6: Typical Experiment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		She removed the basic component by extracting the dichloromethane solution with two successive portions of dilute hydrochloric acid (about 1/2 the volume of the dichloromethane solution was used for each extraction).
		The dichloromethane extracts were combined, washed with water and brine, and then dried.
		Removal of the dichloromethane by distillation left the crude base as a semi-solid.
	www.chem.ualberta.ca /~orglabs/x61web/frames/psl6/fr_psl6_exp.html (343 words)

	EWG Investigation \| U.S. Tap Water Quality Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) is a pollutant from drug and industrial chemical factories.
		Potential health impacts associated with Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) include cancer, cardiovascular or blood toxicity, endocrine toxicity, gastrointestinal or liver toxicity, kidney toxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and respiratory toxicity.
		An Environmental Working Group analysis of Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) tests reported by 31,897 public water suppliers in 42 states shows that between 1998 and 2003, 10.1 million people in 704 communities drank water contaminated with Dichloromethane (methylene chloride).
	www.ewg.org /tapwater/contaminants/contaminant.php?contamcode=2964 (740 words)

	ChemAlliance Case Study: Microencapsulator's Clients Reformulate to Reduce or Eliminate Use of Dichloromethane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dichloromethane was used as a solvent in the coating process because of its properties.
		However, dichloromethane is listed as a toxic chemical (Section 313) and has been listed by the State of Wisconsin as a hazardous material with stringent emission limitations.
		It was found that combinations of acetone and alcohols were suitable replacement solvents for those systems successfully reformulated.
	www.chemalliance.org /Handbook/plant/case_study.asp?CSID=155 (301 words)

	Dichloromethane in North Atlantic waters
		Dichloromethane is an atmospheric trace gas that has a tropospheric lifetime on the order of 5 months and has major anthropogenic sources.
		This paper reports measurements of dichloromethane in waters of the North Atlantic and Labrador Sea that are interpreted as showing that the compound has a primarily atmospheric source and appears to persist for years to decades in the intermediate and deep ocean.
		These characteristics have the potential to yield apparent supersaturation of the gas in surface ocean waters which may be incorrectly interpreted as an oceanic source.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2004JC002397.shtml (182 words)

	Two Fatal Cases of Dichloromethane or Chloroform Poisoning
		The dichloromethane and chloroform were determined in biological specimens by headspace gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detector.
		In one case, dichloromethane concentrations found were 252 mg/L (blood), 75 mg/kg (brain) and 30 mg/kg (heart).
		From the case investigation, it was determined that the death was accidental but related to the dichloromethane poisoning.
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/2654.htm (237 words)

	Ink for ink-jet printer containing dichloromethane as an organic solvent and a basic dye as a coloring agent - Patent ...
		An ink according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the halogenated lower alkanes except for dichloromethane and the halogenated lower alkenes are trichlorofluoromethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane, trichloethylene, tetrachloroethylene and.alpha.-bromopropane.
		If the proportion of dichloromethane is less than 20% by weight, the dissolving power of the mixed solvent for the vehicle and the coloring agent and the electroconductivity of the ink become unsatisfactory.
		In the printing of the inks of Examples 22, 23, 28, 31, 34 and 37 using an organic pigment together with a basic dye or with basic dyes and an oil-soluble dye, a decrease in the color density was hardly observed even after irradiation for 240 hours.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4248636.html (3798 words)

	Suburban Water Testing Labs: Dichloromethane Fact Sheet
		Source: Dichloromethane (DCM) is a colorless organic liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor.
		DCM is not likely to accumulate in aquatic life.
		Effect: Short-term: EPA has found dichloromethane to potentially cause the following health effects when people are exposed to it at levels above the MCL for relatively short periods of time: Damage to the nervous system and to blood.
	www.h2otest.com /factsheets/dichloromethane.html (257 words)

	Dichloromethane - Draft Code of Practice
		Work practices outlined in this section to reduce dichloromethane emissions refer to building restoration firms that utilize paint strippers to remove coatings from various building surfaces such as floors, porch railings and walls.
		Lower dichloromethane content paint strippers may not remove the paint from building surfaces as rapidly as paint strippers with a higher dichloromethane content.
		Dichloromethane dries more quickly if the surface being stripped is heated, for instance if it is in direct sunlight.
	www.ec.gc.ca /nopp/DOCS/consult/dcm/en/240.cfm (814 words)

	Dichloromethane Vapor Monitor / Monitoring Badge - EMT
		EMT's Dichloromethane Monitoring Kit includes one vapor monitor / monitoring badge, detailed instructions, a monitoring information form, and a shipping label.
		They are designed to provide you with the ability to check exposure levels to Dichloromethane.
		OSHA Permissible exposure limit (PEL) for dichloromethane is 25 ppm TWA; 125 ppm STEL
	www.emt-online.com /ProductPages/Dichloromethane.htm (150 words)

	DNA Polymerase I Is Essential for Growth of Methylobacterium dichloromethanicum DM4 with Dichloromethane -- Kayser et ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		DNA Polymerase I Is Essential for Growth of Methylobacterium dichloromethanicum DM4 with Dichloromethane -- Kayser et al.
		DM4-1445 mutant was strongly reduced upon exposure to both UV light and dichloromethane.
		Kayser, M. F., Vuilleumier, S. Dehalogenation of Dichloromethane by Dichloromethane Dehalogenase/Glutathione S-Transferase Leads to Formation of DNA Adducts.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/182/19/5433 (400 words)

	Accidental dichloromethane fatality: a case report
		A case of accidental dichloromethane poisoning by inhalation is presented.
		It is of interest that carboxyhemoglobin levels were within the normal range, suggesting that the narcosis and respiratory depression were due to the direct effect of DCM on the central nervous system.
		The accidental death was attributed to improper ventilation of vapors in the working area.
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/3664.htm (168 words)

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