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Topic: Dichromacy

	Eye-Net - The complete guide for the health of your eyes
		This condition occurs in approximately 1 in 30,000 of the population.
		Dichromacy is a less severe form of color defect than monochromacy.
		Dichromacy is divided into three types: protanopia, deuteranopia and tritanopia.
	www.eye-net.gr /english/public/color_blind.html (866 words)

	India Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The normal explanation of dichromacy is that the organism's retina contains two types of color receptors (called cone cells in vertebrates) with different absorption spectra.
		In practice the number of such receptor types may be greater than two, since different types may be active at different light intensities (in other words, the absorption spectra of different types of color receptors may overlap).
		The two best-known forms of color blindness in humans result in dichromacy, since one of the three cone systems is non-functional in these conditions.
	www.indiaencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Dichromat (466 words)

	Color blindness article - Color blindness colors genetic nerve brain chemicals John Dalton 1794 scientific - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The different kinds of color blindness result from one or more of the different cone systems either not functioning at all, or functioning in an unusual way.
		When one cone system is compromised, dichromacy results.
		The most frequent forms of human color blindness result from problems with either the middle or long wavelength sensitive cone systems, and involve difficulties in discriminating reds, yellows, and greens from one another.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Color_blindness (1975 words)

	theories
		The three types of dichromacy (protanopia, deuteranopia, and tritanopia) are named according the cone photopigment that is missing.
		Another drawback is that the 100-hue test cannot determine dichromacies from anomalous trichromacies.
		The D-15 is useful for detecting dichromacys, in particular, tritan defects which are often associated with eye disease and drug toxicity.
	psychology.ucalgary.ca /pace/VA-Lab/colourperceptionweb/congenital.htm (2338 words)

	Macula
		It is proposed that trichromacy is the result of a reduction in the normal cone population for all 3 cone types.
		Dichromacy, in previous literature, was so named because these patients seem to display two functional cone types, rather than three.
		However, recent literature suggests that dichromats do, in fact, have all three cone types present; rather, it may be the photopigments within these cones that are atypical.
	www.nova.edu /~kimreed/macula.html (4096 words)

	Information About Color Deficiency Vision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is called "red dichromacy" because the person is insensitive to the red part of the visible spectrum (see below).
		It is called "green dichromacy" because the person is insensitive to the green part of the visible spectrum.
		It is called "blue dichromacy" because the person is insensitive to the blue part of the visible spectrum.
	www.cba.nau.edu /facstaff/becker-a/Accessibility/colorDeficiencies.html (562 words)

	Dichromat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The condition of being a dichromat iscalled dichromacy.
		The normal explanation of dichromacy is that the organism's retina contains twotypes of color receptors (called cones in vertebrates) with different absorption spectra.
		In practice the number of such receptor types may be greater than two, sincedifferent types may be active at different light intensties.
	www.therfcc.org /dichromat-98281.html (360 words)

	Jumping the Red Traffic Light: The physiology of abnormal colour vision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This type of colour vision is known as dichomatic colour vision and a colour vision deficiency that occurs with dichromatic colour vision is a dichromacy.
		As there are normally three cone types, and any one may be missing there are three possible dichromacies.
		As they cannot absorb as much light in their cone pigments objects appears about 40-50% dimmer to a dichromat compared to a normal trichromat.
	www.brad.ac.uk /acad/lifesci/optometry/resources/modules/stage1/pvp1/AbColour.html (2538 words)

	Can Color-Blind Users See Your Site? (More Or Hess) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Protanopia is the absence of red sensitivity, also referred to as red dichromacy.
		Deuteranopia is the absence of green sensitivity, also referred to as green dichromacy.
		This is the least common of all forms of color-vision deficiencies, and is the result of the loss of functionality of the S-Cones, which provide sensitivity to the blue portion of the visible spectrum.
	msdn.microsoft.com /library/en-us/dnhess/html/hess10092000.asp?frame=true (2393 words)

	Slide 9: Screen Saver: Color Blindness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Less severe form of color defect than monochromacy.
		The ability of anomalous trichromats to distinguish between hues is better than dichromats but still not normal.
		Red-green anomalous trichromacy is subdivided into protanomaly and deuteranomaly.
	cita.rehab.uiuc.edu /courses/2004-01-CS397/lec02-projects/slide9.html (236 words)

	vision: in-depth
		The more common form of color blindness is known as dichromacy, and occurs in approximately 8% of European males, and 1% in European females.
		The first two forms of dichromacy are the common ones, accounting for nearly all of the cases of dichromacy.
		Individuals with protanopia and deuteranopia see only blue and yellow, and are color blind to red and green.
	academics.tjhsst.edu /psych/oldPsych/senses/vision/depth4.html (182 words)

	Journal of Vision - Color thresholds in normal dichromats, by Van Arsdel & Loop
		This suggests that dichromatic humans may have a defect in postreceptoral color processing, perhaps because dichromacy is an abnormal condition in humans.
		To test this, we determined color discrimination thresholds in normal dichromats: chipmunk, ground squirrel, and tree shrew.
		The ability of normally dichromatic species to discriminate color near detection threshold intensity is in keeping with spectral sensitivity results indicating detection by wavelength opponent mechanisms but suggests that the low color vision sensitivity of dichromatic humans is not due to dichromacy per se.
	www.journalofvision.org /2/7/138 (285 words)

	Red, Green, and Red-Green Hybrid Pigments in the Human Retina: Correlations between Deduced Protein Sequences and ...
		X chromosome-linked (red-green) dichromacy traditionally is established by Rayleigh matches.
		Dichromacy can arise from either intragenic or intergenic recombination within the tandem array of visual pigment genes (see
		The traditional method of estimating the red and green cone sensitivities is to use data obtained from G
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/18/23/10053 (8890 words)

	Dichromacy
		The cone fundamentals estimated with selective bleaching or the method of the confusion points don’t differ very much, at least if broad band stimuli are used (Stockman et al., 1993 [2], Boynton, 1996 [3]).
		This gives evidence that dichromacy is a reduced form of trichromacy which is implemented in the method of the confusion points (Vos and Walraven, 1970 [4]).
		The spectral shape of the cone fundamentals is determined by the locations of the confusion points.
	www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de /ki/people/teufel/10trasml.html?printversion=1 (746 words)

	[No title]
		There are several forms of dichromacy, each resulting from the inability or limited facility to see using one of the cone types.
		Problems with colour sensitivity are normally referred to as colour blindness or more correctly colour deficiency (since the majority of those with colour vision deficiencies are not blind to all colours), therefore “colour deficiency” will be the term used in this paper.
		Protanopia is the term used when there is a lack of sensitivity to the colour red.
	www.techdis.ac.uk /seven/papers/colour-contrast3.html (599 words)

	The molecular basis of dichromatic color vision in males with multiple red and green visual pigment genes -- Jagla et ...
		the role of normal and hybrid genes in multigene dichromacy;
		dichromacy; and (iv) what is the role of exon 2 in conferring
		The role of hybrid genes in multigene dichromacy
	hmg.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/11/1/23 (5811 words)

	Color Vision Deficiency - Types - VisionChannel
		Typically, either the red or green population is absent in their retinas.
		There are three types of dichromacy: protanopia (red is absent), deuteranopia (green is absent), and tritanopia (blue is absent).
		In protanopia, also called "red weakness," the cone cells sensitive to red light are absent.
	www.visionchannel.net /colorvision/types.shtml (417 words)

	mezzoblue § Colour Bland: Contrast
		In most cases of colourblindness, the values don’t seem to shift too radically.
		Those afflcited with Protanopia (a variation of Dichromacy) see even the brightest reds as dark brown or fl.
		This can very well mean that the viewer of a brightly-lit red stoplight would fail to notice it’s even on.
	www.mezzoblue.com /archives/2003/10/01/colour_bland (772 words)

	The ecology of visual pigment tuning in an Australian marsupial: the honey possum Tarsipes rostratus -- Sumner et al. ...
		of trichromacy vs dichromacy generally favoured the former,
		but interestingly dichromacy was no disadvantage in some cases.
		Key words: colour vision, ecology of vision, trichromacy, dichromacy, mammal, long wave cone, middle wave cone, optimisation
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/208/10/1803 (349 words)

	Functional photoreceptor loss revealed with adaptive optics: An alternate cause of color blindness -- Carroll et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		dichromacy results from loss of one cone class or replacement
		imaging of dichromats with different genetic causes of dichromacy
		with his type of dichromacy was not appreciated previously.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/22/8461 (3996 words)

	The effect of colour vision status on the detection and selection of fruits by tamarins (Saguinus spp.) -- Smith et al. ...
		Key words: polymorphic colour vision, trichromacy, dichromacy, sex differences, individual differences, tamarin, Saguinus
		than dichromacy when detecting and identifying fruits against
		will maintain both trichromacy and dichromacy within the population
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/18/3159 (3415 words)

	5 mg propecia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
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	www.lakeforestfunds.com /propecia/5-mg-propecia.php (3092 words)

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