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Topic: Robert Dicke

	Robert H. Dicke - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Robert Henry Dicke (May 6 1916 – March 4 1997) was an American experimental physicist, who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity.
		Dicke completed his bachelor's degree at Princeton University and his doctorate, in 1939, from the University of Rochester in nuclear physics.
		The Dicke radiometer has been used for many measurements of the background radiation, including that of Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Robert_Dicke (437 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Robert Henry Dicke (May 6 1916 – March 4 1997) was an American physicist, who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity.
		Dicke narrowing occurs at relatively low pressures in the millimeter wave and microwave regions (where it is used in atomic clocks to improve precision).
		Robert Dicke is also responsible for developing the lock-in amplifier, which is an indispensable tool in the area of applied science and engineering.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Robert_Dicke (903 words)

	Informat.io on Robert Dicke
		Robert Dicke is also responsible for developing the lock-in amplifier, which is an indispensable tool in the area of applied science and engineering.
		Dicke narrowing occurs at relatively low pressures in the millimeter wave and microwave regions (where it is used in atomic clocks to improve precision).
		Dicke narrowing is analogous to the Mossbauer effect for gamma rays.
	www.informat.io /?title=Robert_Dicke (555 words)

	ASP: A Radical in Tweeds: Robert H. Dicke and the General Theory of Relativity
		Robert H. Dicke, professor of physics at Princeton University, is by no means a crank, but one of the foremost experimentalists of his time, and by the mid-1950s he had become very skeptical about the empirical evidence for Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.
		Dicke and his students built a special telescope with a rotating focal-place shutter, to extract the tiny effect from the noise.
		Dicke was puzzled by these erratic results, and suggested they might be varying in phase with the eleven year solar cycle.
	www.astrosociety.org /pubs/mercury/9404/dicke.html (2642 words)

	Who Was Robert Dicke? (Cosmology: Ideas)
		In the early 1960s he and his student James Peebles independently repeated George Gamow's prediction of a cosmic background radiation, and almost immediately afterward correctly interpreted Arno Penzias's and Robert Wilson's discovery of the cosmic background radiation.
		Later Dicke and Peebles drew attention of astronomers to a problem concerning the density of matter in the universe, called the flatness problem.
		A lecture by Dicke inspired Alan Guth to develop the inflationary model of the universe.
	www.aip.org /history/cosmology/ideas/dicke.htm (100 words)

	Dicke, Robert Henry (1916-1997)
		He deduced that the glow of the primordial fireball in which the universe was born ought today to be still visible as feeble flbody radiation coming from all parts of the sky.
		Dicke started to organize a search for such radiation and had begun to install an antenna on his laboratory roof when he heard from Penzias and Wilson that they had detected background microwave radiation at a wavelength of 7 cm.
		Dicke graduated in 1939 from Princeton University and obtained a Ph.D. in 1941 from the University of Rochester.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/D/Dicke.html (289 words)

	Wilson, Robert W. (1936- ): World of Earth Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Dicke had been researching the theoretical effects of the big bang, the expanding fireball theorized as the birth of the Universe.
		According to the theory that Dicke was exploring, the rapid release of newly freed energy in the thinning, early universe would have taken the form of an incredibly sudden blaze of heat and light, almost like an explosion.
		When Dicke heard the details of their findings, he knew that Wilson and Penzias had discovered exactly what he was looking for; the cold, background radiation left over from the big bang.
	science.enotes.com /earth-science/wilson-robert-w (1634 words)

	Robert Dicke: Reading the Cosmic Record - Kym Kuenning
		At that time a team led by Dicke was adapting one of his inventions, the microwave radiometer, to look for the very static that the Bell astronomers had discovered.
		It was Dicke who explained to the astronomers, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, that they had discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation that was predicted by an important cosmological model, the big bang model.
		Dicke's group presented the theoretical explanation of the radiation; Wilson and Penzias described its observation.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1996/september/Sa15428.htm (277 words)

	microwave_background_radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		-valign=topalign="right">1950Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman re-re-estimate the temperature at 28 K.-valign=topalign="right">1953
		Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson measure the temperature to be approximately 3 K. Robert Dicke, P.
		The cosmic microwave background was predicted in 1948 by George Gamow and Ralph Alpher, and by Alpher and Robert Herman.
	www.mybabyrecordbooks.com /wiki/?title=Microwave_background_radiation (3966 words)

	Phillip James E. Peebles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		His calculations with Robert Dicke showed that a universe which began with a Big Bang should be filled with heat radiation which would be detectable at microwave frequencies.
		Under Dicke's influence Peebles gradually moved from studies of gravity to astronomy and from astronomy to cosmology.
		Dicke also planted the original seed that inspired Peebles to look for the presence of background radiation in the universe.
	www.petergruberfoundation.org /peebles.htm (901 words)

	Princeton - News - Princeton Physicist Robert Dicke Dies
		Dicke, 80, was the Albert Einstein Professor of Science, emeritus, at Princeton University.
		Dicke is widely known for his leadership in developing experimental tests of gravity physics and of the standard gravitational model for the large-scale evolution of our universe.
		Dicke invented the instrument used to detect this radiation (the Dicke radiometer, now a standard astronomical tool) that has been key for transforming cosmology from a theoretical to a more experimental science.
	www.princeton.edu /pr/news/97/q1/0304dick.html (400 words)

	IEEEVM: Robert Dicke
		Robert Dicke was born on 6 May 1916 in St Louis, Missouri.
		After Princeton, Dicke began graduate work in nuclear physics at the University of Rochester and in the spring of 1941, he completed the research for his Ph.D. Dicke’s topic, which he had self-selected, was one of the first experimental studies of inelastic scattering of protons.
		Dicke’s career at the Rad Lab was short lived as the Lab closed at the end of World War II.
	www.ieee-virtual-museum.org /collection/people.php?id=1234758&lid=1 (429 words)

	Robert H. Dicke Papers
		Highly respected for his contributions to the study of physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, Dicke was an early believer in the Big Bang theory of the creation of the universe and postulated that an echo of that event could still be detected through radio waves.
		However, before he could confirm his theory, the echo was verified by two other scientists working in a related area, and Dicke was excluded--unfairly in the view of some commentators-- from sharing in the Nobel Prize that they were awarded in 1978 as a result of the finding.
		Dicke held approximately fifty patents for his discoveries, many of them pertaining to the development of radar.
	libweb.princeton.edu /libraries/firestone/rbsc/aids/dicke.html (664 words)

	Commentary Magazine -- May 1998
		What theoreticians like Robert Dicke inferred was something else: a connection between that cackle and the cosmic background radiation released in the universe after the era of recombination.
		And Robert Dicke was not a theoretician but an experimentalist of considerable competence who was also knowledgeable about the theory of background radiation.
		Robert Dicke is known in the physics community as a theoretician, not as an experimentalist.
	www.2think.org /letters1.shtml (7101 words)

	Ask Dr. SETI: Dicke Switches
		The Dicke Switch (named for its late inventor, the noted astrophysicist Robert Dicke of Princeton University) is much used in total-power radio telescopes, not so much to eliminate noise, as to eliminate the effects of receiver gain fluctuations during a measurement.
		Dicke Switches are not much used in amateur SETI, mainly because we use other techniques (software Fast Fourier Transform analysis, for example) to differentiate between signals and noise.
		Now Dicke could easily have given the traditional explanations, about Doppler shift of the radiation background from the Big Bang, measuring rates of expansion, calculation of the Hubble Constant, and so on.
	www.setileague.org /askdr/dicke.htm (315 words)

	Robert Henry Dicke, May 6, 1916—March 4, 1997 \| By W. Happer, P. J. E. Peebles, and D. T. Wilkinson \| Biographical ...
		Bob Dicke was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1967.
		He is survived by Annie and their children: Nancy Dicke Rapoport, John Robert Dicke, and James Howard Dicke.
		News of this experiment led Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson to realize that the excess noise temperature in a radio telescope at the Bell Laboratories might be extraterrestrial.
	www.nap.edu /html/biomems/rdicke.html (3893 words)

	Robert H. Dicke - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He may be credited by some for originating the concept now called the weak anthropic principle by noting that the coincidence that certain parameters or conditions of the universe hold only at the present epoch in the universe's history, so we appear, coincidentally, to be living at a very special time.
		Together with Brandon Carter, Dicke noted the fact that this epoch coincided with the lifetime of what are called main sequence stars, such as our sun.
		So this coincidence had to hold, simply because there would be intelligent life around only at the particular time that the coincidence did hold.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Dicke (703 words)

	bob sickel's dicke switch
		The Dicke switch was invented by Robert Dicke during his work developing microwave radars during World War II.
		The Dicke switch works by rapidly switching the input of the radiotelescope receiver between the antenna and a resistor.
		Gain variations in the receiver can have their effects neutralized by measuring not the signal from the antenna, but the difference in signals between the antenna signal and the noise input of the resistor.
	www.radiosky.com /dicke.html (631 words)

	Ask Us A Question - In cosmology, the cosmic microwave background radiation (most often abbreviated CMB but ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman estimate "the temperature in the Universe" at 5 K. Although they do not specifically mention microwave background radiation, it may be inferred.
		Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson measure the temperature to be approximately 3 K. Robert Dicke, P.
		Doroshkevich and Igor Novikov, in the spring of 1964.
	www.anaheimcaus.com /info/Cosmic_microwave_background (4921 words)

	Robert H. Dicke Summary
		His quantum theory of coherent radiation emission led to the development of the laser.
		Robert Henry Dicke (May 6 1916 – March 4 1997) was an American experimental physicist, who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity.
		Robert Henry Dicke from Science and Its Times.
	www.bookrags.com /Robert_H._Dicke (582 words)

	NPR : The Big Bang's Echo
		Robert Wilson, left, and Arno Penzias stand in front of the Bell Labs horn radio antenna in Crawford Hill, N.J., where they discovered cosmic background radiation confirming the Big Bang.
		The great search might have ended right there, but Penzias learned that Princeton professor Robert Dicke had been predicting that the residue of the Big Bang would be low-level background radiation throughout the universe.
		Penzias called him and learned that Dicke and physicist Dave Wilkinson were about to build a device to hunt for cosmic background radiation.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=4655517 (412 words)

	Cosmic Microwave Background
		Dicke used a low sidelobe flared horn, and he invented a rapidly switching differential radiometer for this work, now known as a Dicke radiometer, that switched between the sky and an ambient temperature (300 K) load.
		Using this data Dicke determined the absorption of the atmosphere at 1 to 1.5 cm wavelength and showed that this microwave "K band" could be used for radar.
		Dicke was not interested in the temperature of the sky outside the atmosphere but in 1946
	www.astro.ucla.edu /~wright/CMB.html (1676 words)

	File: <BC-51B
		It was developed during courses taken by the author at the University of Wisconsin, Utah State University and from various instructors at Wilson College in Chicago, Texas A. and I University in Kingsville and at the University of Illinois.
		This selection was based on concepts of the evolutionary changes that probably occurred from a hypothetical worm‑like ancestor through the primitive silverfish, to the very highly evolved or specialized house fly and honey bee.
		Robert Dicke in his course "Insect Morphology" at the University of Wisconsin, concluded with the following introductory comments, "Proceed carefully and diligently with your study and dissection of these insects.
	www.faculty.ucr.edu /~legneref/biotact/bc-51b.htm (6109 words)

	Biographical Memoirs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		He probably knew we called ourselves "Dicke birds"—it fit his quiet good humor, which kept us from taking ourselves too seriously, while always remembering that we had better take the physics very seriously.
		The flavor of Dicke's elegant contributions to microwave radar comes through clearly in Principles of Microwave Circuits,6 one of the classic volumes of the Radiation Laboratory Series.
		Biographical Memoirs: Volume 77 P. Roll and one of us (DTW) to build a Dicke radiometer to look for the thermalized starlight, which would be adia-batically cooled by a large factor since elimination of the heavy elements.
	darwin.nap.edu /books/0309066441/html/78.html (3921 words)

	Cosmic Background Radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Around 1960, physicists at Princeton including Robert Dicke and James Peebles were thinking about this question.
		Dicke and Peebles estimated that the temperature would be just a few K. Thinking about the microwave background
		In the early 1960s, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson were working on a large horn shaped microwave antenna at Bell Telephone Laboratories.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~soper/Early/expansion.html (400 words)

	The Daily Princetonian - Wilkinson, leading big-bang physicist, dies of cancer at 67
		Wilkinson and Dicke explored the cosmos for background radiation, the initial discovery of which would help shift the big bang away from scientific hypothesis and closer to scientific fact.
		But it was not until the early 1960s when Dicke and Wilkinson used a radiometer to receive and interpret emitted radiation that these leftovers were found.
		In the end, Dicke and Wilkinson had more accurate data, physics professor James Peebles GS '62 said, but Wilkinson was more concerned with science, not accolades.
	www.dailyprincetonian.com /archives/2002/09/17/news/5333.shtml (814 words)

	The American Museum of Natural History - AstroBulletin - Universe - A snapshot of the ancient universe—the CMB
		In fact, the discovery was made accidentally in 1965, when two young astronomers at Bell Labs, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, found an annoying background hiss, like static, coming from their radio telescope.
		Around the same time, Robert Dicke at Princeton University had been elaborating on an earlier prediction by George Gamow that background radiation should be found throughout the universe as a relic of the Big Bang.
		The discovery of the CMB strongly supported the idea that the universe was born at a definite moment, billions of years before that telescope was turned to the New Jersey sky.
	astrobulletin.amnh.org /D/1/1 (763 words)

	History: Department of Physics, Princeton University
		We are deeply grateful to Annie Dicke for her guidance to Bob's early life in science and society.
		C. Montgomery, R. Dicke and E. Purcell, Principles of Microwave Circuits, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Radiation Laboratory Series, volume 8, Boston Technical Publishers, Lexington Mass, 1964, 486pp.
		J. Wittke and R. Dicke, Physical Review, 96:530-531, 1954, Redetermination of the Hyperfine Splitting in the Ground State of Atomic Hydrogen.
	www.hep.princeton.edu /www/jh/history/robert_dicke_acknowledgements.html (413 words)

	Cosmic Microwave Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		At about the same time, Robert Dicke was proposing to search for the thermal remnant of the Big Bang predicted by George Gamow to resemble a flbody of less than 10 degrees Kelvin.
		The 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics was partly awarded to Penzias and Wilson for their discovery.
		It was launched in 2001 and has achieved many exiting results, measuring the values of the cosmological parameters with great precision.
	astrosun2.astro.cornell.edu /academics/courses/astro201/cmb.htm (246 words)

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