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Topic: Dickson Experimental Sound Film

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	Dickson Experimental Sound Film
		Dickson wanted the synchronisation of picture and sound to be achieved immediately, and not through a post-production process in the editing room, the way silent film developed.
		Dickson Experimental Sound Film ended up hibernating in piles of dust, and might have as well been burned, as far as the makers were concerned.
		The problem posed by Dickson's film is the fact that the two men exert both a straight machismo (yet void of vaudeville), and a relaxed matter-of-fact approach to their dance (yet maintaining a certain sense of detachment from one another).
	www.culturewars.org.uk /EF/ef3.htm (1377 words)

	Sound film Summary
		Films were never truly silent; by 1900, major theaters provided some form of musical accompaniment to motion pictures, whether through scores written for films and played out on large organs, or through the improvised accompaniment of a pianist or other musicians.
		Other studios, again fearing the cost that the conversion to sound would entail, as well as anticipating the loss of revenue from silent films that had already been produced, banded together to resist the move to sound films, or to create a competing sound system of their own.
		Finally, in 1929, post-synchronized sound systems were developed that enabled sound to be recorded and synchronized with the film after the film was shot; this allowed for the editing and montage effects that had been impossible with early sound film.
	www.bookrags.com /Sound_film (2644 words)

	KODAK: A Conversation with Billy Dickson, ACS - Print Friendly Version
		DICKSON: I was born in Elgin, Illinois, and spent the first nine years of my life in Palatine, Illinois, until my father's job was transferred to California, where he worked for an oil company.
		Film is the magic wand and light is the trustworthy assistant.
		DICKSON: In television especially, on a series when the cinematographer is usually the father figure on the set, guest directors don't suggest things regarding your lighting.
	www.kodak.com /US/en/motion/forum/onFilm/dicksonQA.shtml (3049 words)

	Dickson Experimental Sound Film 1895
		Problem was the film was shot at 40fps, not 24, and the sound was running wild on a cracked 1890's cylinder.
		It was very moving, when the sound finally fell into synch: the scratchiness of the image and the sound dissolved away and you felt the immediate presence of these young men playing around with a fast-emerging technology.
		The sound and picture did move at the same time, but whether there was actual mechanical linkage at the time of recording or reproducing is a question yet to be resolved.
	www.filmsound.org /murch/dickson.htm (404 words)

	Classic Coming Attractions by Barrie Maxwell
		Rather, the film is dominated by Frissell's footage on the ice floes, footage that continually amazes, not only for its record of a natural phenomenon, but also for the depiction of the sealers who put themselves at risk crossing the constantly moving and unpredictable ice surfaces.
		The main focus of the film is a performance of the Legong, the dance of the virgins at the sacred temple, with a secondary emphasis on the innocence of the Balinese people embodied by the open nakedness of the Balinese women.
		Film historian Rudy Behlmer provides his usual thorough and entertaining audio commentary while a new making-of documentary, somewhat repetitive of the information on the commentary, utilizes new and old interviews and home movies shot by Stevens as its basis.
	www.thedigitalbits.com /articles/barriemaxwell/maxwell011005.html (4313 words)

	Internet Archive: Details: Dickson Experimental Sound Film
		This short film was a test for Edison's "Kinetophone" project, the first attempt in history to record sound and moving image in synchronization.
		This was an experiment by William Dickson to put sound and film together either in 1894 or 1895.
		In 1998, Patrick Loughney, curator of Film and Television at the Library of Congress, retrieved the cylinder and had it repaired and re-recorded at the Rodgers and Hammerstein Archive of Recorded Sound, Lincoln Center, New York.
	www.archive.org /details/dicksonfilmtwo (323 words)

	The Scotsman - Scotsman Magazine - Adventures in motion pictures
		As film went more mainstream, and audiences thirsted for footage of sport and military achievements, it is unlikely that films of dancers would have been on the commercial market later than 1900.
		In 1895, Dickson disagreed with Edison over the latter’s refusal to accept his ideas for the future direction of film (though it was rumoured Edison suspected Dickson was working on other projects) and Edison severed all contact with the man who had done such pioneering work for him.
		But, with the loss of Dickson and developments in Europe (the Lumière Brothers had their first public film screening in Paris in December, 1895), Edison’s lead in the motion picture industry was threatened.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /magazine.cfm?id=316242002 (1340 words)

	William Kennedy Dickson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His father, James Waite Dickson, was an artist, astronomer and linguist, claiming direct lineage from the painter William Hogarth, and from Judge John Waite, the man who sentenced King Charles I to death.
		Dickson’s invention, the Kinetoscope, was simple: a strip of several images was passed in front of an illuminated lens and behind a spinning wheel.
		With the Lathams, Dickson was part of the group that formed the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, before he returned permanently to work in the United Kingdom in 1897.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Dickson_(film_pioneer) (442 words)

	Librarian of Congress Adds 25 Films to National Film Registry
		This independent, regional film was the first feature film produced in Alaska, and is renowned for its spectacular location footage of the lonely and unfathomable Alaskan wilderness, frenzied dogsled pursuits and life-and-death struggles on the glaciers.
		The selection of a film, I stress, is not an endorsement of its ideology or content, but rather a recognition of the film's importance to American film and cultural history and to history in general.
		And, ominously, more films are lost each year - through the ravages of nitrate deterioration, color-fading and the recently discovered vinegar syndrome, which threatens the acetate-based, safety, film stock on which the vast majority of motion pictures, past and present, have been reproduced.
	www.loc.gov /today/pr/2003/03-211.html (1189 words)

	Dickson Experimental Sound Film - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dickson Experimental Sound Film is a film made by William Dickson in late 1894 or early 1895.
		It is the first known film with live-recorded sound and appears to be the first example of a motion picture made for the Kinetophone, the proto-sound-film system developed by Dickson and Thomas Edison.
		The connection between film and cylinder was not made until 1998, when Loughney and Edison NHS sound recordings curator Jerry Fabris arranged for the cylinder to be repaired and its contents recovered at the Rodgers and Hammerstein Archive of Recorded Sound in New York.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dickson_Experimental_Sound_Film (1753 words)

	Edison:The Marriage of Sight and Sound: Early Edison Experiments with Film and Sound (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Edison Company is known to have experimented with this as early as the fall of 1894 under the supervision of W. Dickson with a film known today as [Dickson Experimental Sound Film].
		The film shows a man, who may possibly be Dickson, playing violin before a phonograph horn as two men dance.
		The picture and sound were made somewhat synchronous by connecting the two with a belt.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /ammem/edhtml/edmrrg.html (387 words)

	National Film Registry, 2003
		Among the films named this year: "Antonia: Portrait of the Woman" Jill Godmillow and Judy Collins' documentary on the life of extraordinary musician-conductor Antonia Brica and her struggles to become a symphony director despite her gender.
		"Dickson Experimental Sound Film" the subject of a recent high-profile restoration project, this film was a very early attempt by W.K.L. Dickson of the Thomas Edison Company to combine film image and sound.
		Regarding the National Film Registry, Billington observed that the "films we choose are not necessarily either the 'best' American films ever made or the most famous, but they are films that continue to have cultural, historical or aesthetic significance -- and in many cases represent countless other films also deserving of recognition.
	www.loc.gov /film/nfr2003.html (1279 words)

	Edison's Failed Inventions
		Edison's assistant, W.K.L. Dickson's attempt at a sound film from 1895
		From the beginning of the creation of motion pictures, many people tried to combine film and sound to make "talking" motion pictures.
		Sound could be heard through two ear tubes while the viewer watched the images.
	www.americaslibrary.gov /cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/scientists/edison/fail_2 (135 words)

	The Austin Chronicle Screens: DVDs: Gift guide
		Remaining films from the Twenties: 20%; from the teens: 10%.
		Volume one, 2000's Treasures From American Film Archives DVD box set, also collected 50 unseen films from the climate-controlled vaults of the UCLA Film and Television Archive, the Library of Congress, and New York's Museum of Modern Art, among others – some feature-length, others as brief as 15 seconds.
		"Dickson Experimental Sound Film" (1894), the initial synchronization of sound and picture, clocks in at the latter run time and, according to thorough (and legible) onscreen notes, plus consistently lively commentary from a team of film experts, remains the first instance of a director directing himself.
	www.austinchronicle.com /gyrobase/Issue/story?oid=oid:241536 (435 words)

	Lisa's Nostalgia Cafe--Lisa's Silent Movie Page
		Films in a kinetoscope are viewed by looking into the machine through a peep-hole and turning the crank.
		In fact, Edison views film mainly as a companion to the phonograph, which was invented in 1877.
		Many films are "washed" in color to simulate different moods or times of day (for example, a dark-blue tint to simulate night).
	www.angelfire.com /retro2/lisa/silents.html (1431 words)

	Savannah College of Art and Design > Film Festival > 2005 > Honored Guests
		Murch was sound effects supervisor for “The Godfather” (Francis Ford Coppola), and responsible for sound montage and rerecording on “THX-1138” (George Lucas), “American Graffiti” (George Lucas), “The Godfather Part II” (Francis Ford Coppola), and “Crumb” (Terry Zweigoff).
		She also recently joined Leelee Sobieski and Nicholas Cage in Neil La Bute’s independent film “The Wicker Man.” The film is a remake of the 1973 British horror flick about a police officer who investigates the disappearance of a young girl.
		Goldman’s last three films were produced in Phoenix, Ariz., for Fox Animation Studios, which Goldman co-helmed the creation of in 1994 at the invitation of 20th Century Fox executives Bill Mechanic and Peter Chernin.
	www.scad.edu /filmfest/fest05/guests.cfm (2418 words)

	film notes, foreign cinema, movie history, media education
		It highlights a kiss sequence from the play "The Widow Jones." The short film consists of a close-shot of a couple engaged in a kiss.
		notes: The soundtrack has long been lost for this pioneering film which ran at kinetescope speed, which was 46-48 fps.
		People experiencing film for the first time run out of the theater in fear.
	www.filmnotes.com /films/earlfilm.html (269 words)

	2003 National Film Registry Picks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The sound was captured on a wax cylinder, which was meant to be played in conjunction with the film.
		The film was restored only recently by film editor Walter Murch and funded through a donation from George Lucas’s Skywalker Sound company.
		The films on the list range from silent classics Intolerance (1919) and It (1927) to popular block busters like Star Wars (1977) and Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) to historically important film footage as the Hindenburg Disaster Newsreel Footage (1937) and Abraham Zapruder’s infamous home movie footage of the John F Kennedy assassination.
	www.theblob.info /News/2003-2004/NationalFilmRegistry2003.htm (734 words)

	New Page 1
		Film Music is not characterized as long major works of music.
		In contrast film music is short segments that enhance the movie.
		Open the folder "Film Scoring" In this folder are 11 tracks of movie soundtracks.
	www.thsmusic.net /film_scoring.htm (490 words)

	National Film Registry Titles of the US Library of Congress
		The films in the National Film Registry represent a stunning range of American filmmaking - including Hollywood features, documentaries, avant-garde and amateur productions, films of regional interest, ethnic, animated and short film subjects -- all deserving recognition, preservation and access by future generations.
		But they are films that continue to have cultural, historical or aesthetic significance -- and in many cases represent countless other films also deserving of recognition.
		For each title named to the Registry, the Library of Congress works to ensure that the film is preserved for all time, either through the Library's massive motion picture preservation program at Dayton, Ohio, or through collaborative ventures with other archives, motion pictures studios, and independent film makers.
	www.filmsite.org /filmreg.html (379 words)

	Edison: The Invention of the Movies - Kino on Video
		Film by film Program notes by Charles Musser, the world's leading authority on the films of the Thomas Edison studio
		"It's a film buff's delight as you see the medium evolve from a novelty item that could only be viewed by one person at a time in a big box, to projected images on a big screen that have been captivating audiences for over a century.
		This wide variety of films that span nearly 30 years wonderfully chronicles the changes that motion pictures went through in the early years.
	www.kino.com /video/item.php?film_id=735 (595 words)

	Motion Picture Sound - part 1
		Lauste made many sound films 1910-1914, but was halted by the war.
		The speed was governed by the phonograph behind the screen and the projector at the other end of the theater in the projection booth had a braking device to slow the film speed to keep synchronization.
		Film speed was 90 ft. per min (24 fps) and the optical soundtrack was recorded on the edge of the film, image size haveing been reduced from 1 inch down to 7/8 inch to make room for the variable area soundtrack.
	history.sandiego.edu /gen/recording/motionpicture1.html (2107 words)

	Being There
		According to the film, some of the characteristics that many corporations seem to have are “callous unconcern for the feelings of others,” “incapacity to maintain enduring relationships,” “reckless disregard for the safety of others,” and “failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors.” The verdict?
		This film was made during the depression, and I suppose the movie (based on a successful play) held its appeal for audiences in demonstrating that even the very rich were then having trouble surviving.
		He has delivered a film that is both a love song to wine, as well as to friendships and the bizarre circumstances that test them, complete with a unique group of characters that we fall in love with and loathe simultaneously.
	www.beingtheremag.com /content/0504/reviewsdvd.html (6035 words)

	Transom Guests: Walter Murch
		The film, from the novel by Anthony Swofford, will be released in November 2005.
		Murch was also sound effects supervisor for The Godfather (F. Coppola), and responsible for sound montage and re-recording on American Graffiti (G. Lucas), The Godfather Part II (F. Coppola), and Crumb (T. Zweigoff), as well as being re-recording mixer on all of the films for which he has also been picture editor.
		Murch has written one book on film editing, "In the Blink of an Eye" (2001) and been the subject of two recent books: Michael Ondaatje's "The Conversations" (2002) and Charles Koppelman's "Behind the Seen" (2004).
	www.transom.org /guests/specialguests/walter_murch.html (400 words)

	CNN.com - 'Butch Cassidy,' 'Patton' make list - Dec. 17, 2003
		For each title named to the registry, the Library of Congress works to ensure that the film is preserved for all time, either through the Library's motion picture preservation program or through collaborative ventures with other archives, motion picture studios and independent filmmakers.
		While the famous-name films grab the headlines, the biggest beneficiaries of the libraries film preservation efforts are the so-called "orphan" films.
		Pictures like the 1894 "Dickenson Experimental Sound Film," perhaps the first "talkie," that have little commercial value but are significant nonetheless are the most at risk, Billington said.
	edition.cnn.com /2003/SHOWBIZ/Movies/12/17/film.library.reut (886 words)

	Alice Guy Blaché: Lost Visionary of the Cinema by Alison McMahan \| PopMatters Book Review
		According to most film historians, the medium (though very much an American institution) spent its formative years in France, before Americans took the idea and made it the larger than life industry it is today.
		William Kennedy Dickson, an assistant of Edison's, produced his "Dickson Experimental Sound Film" in 1894, yet the Lumiere brothers have been credited as the official inventors of the moving picture.
		Along the way, she met and married Herbert Blaché, eight years her junior, and together they formed Solax, a film studio in the States, a successful company which produced a slew of films and enjoyed a stable of actors and actresses, and budding filmmakers who were trained by Guy Blaché.
	www.popmatters.com /books/reviews/a/alice-guy-blache.shtml (1252 words)

	Edison Film and Sound: Chronological Title List of Edison Motion Pictures - 1891-1896
		In the following list, the films listed for the years 1891 through 1900 are given in order of their production.
		For the years 1901 through 1922, the films are listed in order of copyright date and number.
		Films that have no copyright or specific date of production are placed at the end of the list for the year in which they were manufactured.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/edhtml/edmvchrn.html (104 words)

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