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Topic: Dictablanda

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	Dictablanda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dictablanda is a word used by political scientists to describe a dictatorship in which civil liberties are mostly preserved rather than destroyed.
		The word dictablanda is a portmanteau of the Spanish words dictadura ("dictatorship") and blanda ("soft"); there is also an element of punning involved in that blanda replaces dura ("hard").
		The term "dictablanda" can be usefully contrasted with democradura, meaning an illiberal democracy — a system in which the government and its leaders are elected, but is nevertheless relatively deficient in civil liberties.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dictablanda (201 words)

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		In a "dictablanda", the chief weapons of the regime are the distribution of favours, the bribing of the poor masses with government subsidies, and control of the media.
		In a "dictablanda", at least part of the opposition is inside the country and overboard and allowed some latitude, including participation in elections that, although far from clean, provide an occasion for dissidents to be heard.
		The "dictablanda" regimes should be encouraged to introduce reforms, broaden their popular base, and open the public space to different views and aspirations.
	asharqalawsat.com /english/news.asp?section=2&id=5165 (1404 words)

	Why Akayev Had to Go
		A system of “dictablanda” is contemptible because it has most of the disadvantages of a real dictatorship, known to Latin Americans as “dictadura” or “hard dictatorship”, without its consistencies.
		Dictablanda regimes are almost always overthrown by revolutions that produce even greater tragedies.
		Louis XVI’s regime in 18th century France was a dictablanda and thus could be overthrown with relative ease, triggering the so-called Great Revolution that led to the worst massacres and the bloodiest wars ever in French history.
	www.arabnews.com /?page=7§ion=0&article=61449&d=2&m=4&y=2005&pix=opinion.jpg&category=Opinion (1265 words)

	De Montfort University - HISP 3031
		This module will consist of a survey of the main historical, political and social developments in Spain since the 1930s, up to and including the death of Franco and the rapid transformation of the dictatorship into a parliamentary monarchy.
		After briefly touching on the 1898 debacle and the loss of Spain's colonies, Spanish neutrality in WW1 and the 'dictablanda' of Primo de Rivera, the module will focus in some detail on the Republican years (1931-36) and the nature of both Spanish Republicanism and Nationalism.
		It will then consider both the domestic and international issues surrounding the Civil War (1936-39), the consequences of a 'fascist' victory, plus the development and impact of the Franco dictatorship over nearly 40 years.
	www.dmu.ac.uk /faculties/humanities/students/modules05_06/hisp_3031.jsp (185 words)

	Untitled6
		It is said that freedom of expression in Mexico did not exist, that those who spoke their mind disappeared and never heard of again.
		Mexico had a type of government known as Dictablanda (a thin type of dictatorship).
		The outgoing President of Mexico always picked the Presidential Candidate of the PRI, this practice was known as El Dedazo (even though the PRI did not accept this in public).
	www.laprensa-sandiego.org /archieve/october06/comment2.htm (1143 words)

	Post-Soviet Azerbaijan: Transition to Sultanistic Semiauthoritarianism? An Attempt at Conceptualization ...
		Guillermo O'Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter (1986), two of the most prominent scholars of transition and consolidation studies, argue that there might emerge two kinds of gray zone regimes: democraduras (in Spanish, "democrahard") and dictablandas ("dicta-soft").
		Democradura connotes a "restrictive, illiberal democracy," and dictablanda, a "liberalized authoritarian regime" (Diamond 2002, 24).
		O'Donnell was one of the first political scientists who pointed to the problem of conceptualization of incomplete gray area states, although he has not further developed this theme.
	calbears.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3996/is_200507/ai_n15704837/pg_9 (273 words)

	SPAIN: The Civil War and historians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		But that Spain slowly ceased to exist sometime in the early sixties and was transformed into what became known as the dictablanda -- a soft dictatorship that made possible the changes that Stanley Payne so admirably describes.
		I first came to Spain in the period of the dictablanda and I can assure all WAISers that as long as you didn't talk about politics, it was heaven on Earth.
		That Franco ran an extraordinarily repressive regime after the 1936 putsch, is well known.
	www.stanford.edu /group/wais/Spain/spain_1civilwarandhistorians72003.html (576 words)

	Shifting legal dogma: From Republicanism to Fascist Ideology under the Early Franquismo
		dictablanda (“the soft dictatorship”) and precipitated its fall and that of the parliamentary monarch.
		dictablanda of the style of Primo de Rivera’s regime.
		Right-wing political forces rallied around the “accidentalists”, conservative groupings that gave tepid support to the 1931 Constitution and favoured a transition to corporativism, but through legal means (a sort of improved version of the Primo dictatorship).
	www.arena.uio.no /publications/wp02_20.htm (7678 words)

	Amw (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Twelve years of counterinsurgency strategy based on granting the military exceptional powers has produced not only the steady growth of insurgency, but also systematic, egregious and continuing human rights abuses coupled with complete impunity for members of the security forces implicated in the abuses.
		Far from a "soft dictatorship" (dictablanda), as supporters have described President Fujimori's rule, this regime is characterized by continued, flagrant abuse of human rights.
		In the department of San Martín, the Catholic Prelate's Office of Social Action registered 125 cases of human rights violations by the army in the first eight months of 1992, including rape, arbitrary detention, disappearance and extrajudicial executions.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1993/WR93/Amw-09.htm (5609 words)

	Franco's legacy in Spain - Commentary - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Perhaps it was, more or less, a peaceful transition because in the last Franco years there was an easing of the dictatorship.
		Popular choice as early as 1959 had amended the word to dictablanda.
		Counterfactual history might say World War II would have had a different outcome had Franco allowed Spain to become Hitler's base, With Gibraltar in Nazi hands, the Mediterranean would have been closed to the British fleet.
	feeds.spainnews.net /?rid=884f17336fca70f6&cat=a5286f17ab326d15&f=1 (865 words)

	Ebook More Info -Sabot (dinghy) - Free For You. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In January 1930, following the ouster of the dictator Primo de Rivera, King Alfonso XIII of Spain ordered Berenguer to form a government and restore a degree of normality to the country.
		As prime minister, Berenguer repealed some of the harsher measures introduced by Primo de Rivera, earning his regime the nickname dictablanda ("dictatorship lite").
		He also faced a number of problems – increasing demands for the abolition of the monarchy; disorganisation among the country's political parties after seven years of repression, making the calling of prompt elections an impossible task; labour unrest; and at least one military uprising.
	eiffelstudio.en.lmoney.org (1225 words)

	Minkkinen: Democratisation of Mexico?
		Especially the United States suffered from an 'excess of democracy', which could only be abated through political demobilisation of 'marginal' groups (9).
		Of the terms "dictablanda" ("dictasoft") and "democradura" ("democrahard") used by O'Donnell and Schmitter, it is the latter that reflects better the socio-political situation in Mexico, even though the Mexican case has features of both versions (10).
		Constitutionally, Mexico could be qualified as a democratic country, and the official discourse on Mexico's social reality has tried to sustain the illusion of the democratic Mexico.
	www.helsinki.fi /hum/ibero/xaman/articulos/9609/9609_pm.html (3795 words)

	article 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		By the end of 1989, it was evident that President Kerekou would stay in power and control the process of decompression.
		The strength of the mobilisation, the absence of open repression from the ‘’dictablanda’’ and the realignment in opposition parties of many supporters of the incumbent regime gave way to a new configuration which is illustrated by the ‘’conférence nationale souveraine’’ of February 1990.
		When the opposition parties decided to transform the ‘’national conference’’ - which was initially devoted to reform the one-party state - into a sovereign assembly, President Kerekou and the military threatened them by force.
	www.polis.sciencespobordeaux.fr /vol9ns/arti3.html (4170 words)

	ISCIP - The NIS Observed: Analytical Review: 10 November 2004
		Putin¹s move ³to strengthen the power vertical,² coming in response to Beslan, looks less like a crackdown than a tactic to circumvent challenges the authorities are not able to control (e.g., terrorism, infiltration of the borders, corruption) through channels that they currently can control (i.e., the political environment via a withered opposition and legislative branch).
		As such, Putin¹s Russia looks more and more like dictablanda, a soft dictatorship, with strongly centralized formal authority but little coercive power and no ideological zeal.
		(1) Democradura and dictablanda refer to ³neither here nor there² transitional conditions: democracies with suppressed civil and voting rights or ³soft dictatorships² with a formal centralization of authority.
	www.bu.edu /iscip/digest/vol9/ed0918.html (9803 words)

	Chapter 24: A History of Spain and Portugal, vol. 2
		There was no consensus even among conservative, monarchist elements about what course should be followed, and so Berenguer let [625] precious months slip by in uncertainty.
		His government eased up on censorship and police activity, winning for itself the nickname of the dictablanda.
		The monarchy had lost moral support through the dictadura and the sterile, hesitant perpetuation of the dictablanda.
	libro.uca.edu /payne2/payne24.htm (20565 words)

	prozac side affects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		On the 25th of June 1674 he outperformed created Astroseries of Jojan and Baron Petersham in the mnth bloedende Noronha (FN) disses to disallow a good waterboat of mine.
		Prevention is enfiladed via mosley, dolman with godzilla-style modified virus time-killer and ecofeminist of the vitenam battledress, summarising animalization of dictablanda.
		Involved not Mobius the et-0 for the Sali of Sleeping Car Porters?
	prozac-same-side-air-affects.blogspot.com (683 words)

	The Sardana and I
		I first visited Spain – and Barcelona – in the late fifties, but I never got to hear or see the sardana then.
		It was the middle period of the Franco dictatorship, well before the transformation from dictadura to dictablanda (a play on the Spanish words dura ‘hard’ and blanda ‘soft’) that took place in the sixties.
		It was also my first return to Europe as a newly naturalized American, and my first time ever in Western Europe.
	www.ce.berkeley.edu /~coby/essays/sardana.htm (4810 words)

	TAPPED
		This is the best post on the subject I've seen, period.
		or whatever other range one wants to put on the "dictablanda" period
		Typical Establishment Democrat trying to take both sides of an argument.
	prospect.org /weblog/2006/06/post_659.html (1942 words)

	Reflections and challenges for friends, colleagues and myself
		Without doubt this misbehaviour pertains to a behemoth producing confusion and fear but also indignation and bloody radical resistance.
		("Democratic Dictatorship" is a term whose substance has been the practice in Mexico for more than 70 years, a "Soft Dictatorship" ("Dictablanda") according to the common understanding, the "Perfect Dictatorship" according to one famous latinamerican writer (Mario Vagas Llosa).
		It produced a deplorable result, a culture of dependency, clientelism, abstentionism, among many people and corruption, cynicism, pragmatism among almost all politicians.
	www.appropriate-economics.org /latin/mexico/Banco_Mundial_Alternativo.htm (12960 words)

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