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Topic: Didier Ratsiraka

	Report of the Mediation Crisis in Madagascar
		Ratsiraka won the legislative elections, the two Parties would accept that a referendum be organised to ask the people to choose their President of the Republic between Mr.
		Didier RATSIRAKA, and RAVALOMANANA shall designate the Interior and Finance Ministers. However, the RAVALOMANANA camp requested that the Defence Minister should be appointed by Mr.
		Ratsiraka and Ravalomanana, undertake to immediately remove all barricades, dismantle the militias, cease all forms of violence, and free all persons arrested during the political crisis.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/africa/madagascarmediation2002.html (1037 words)

	Madagascar - Amnesty International
		Didier Ratsiraka established his government in the eastern port of Toamasina, with the backing of five of the six provinces’ governors, while Marc Ravalomanana’s supporters installed his nominated ministers in the government offices in Antananarivo.
		He was sworn into office as President on 6 May. Didier Ratsiraka contested the decision and four provincial governors declared their “independence” from the capital.
		In April at least 19 people were arrested by Ratsiraka security forces and supporters in separate instances in Antsiranana province because of their perceived support for Marc Ravalomanana during the elections.
	web.amnesty.org /report2003/Mdg-summary-eng (1327 words)

	Ratsiraka sets new poll date: News24: Archive: News24
		Ratsiraka's cabinet set the ballot for April 28 during a meeting at the Iavoloha presidential palace, a few kilometres outside the capital Anantanarivo, government spokesperson Didier Houlder said.
		Ratsiraka's challenger Marc Ravalomanana, the popular mayor of Antananarivo, has refused to take part in a second round vote, insisting that he won the first round ballot outright.
		Ratsiraka has also rejected a suggestion by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) that he form a national reconciliation government to end the bitter power struggle with his self-declared successor.
	www.news24.com /News24/Archive/0,6119,2-1659_1159706,00.html (445 words)

	Ratsiraka convenes legislature in Madagascar
		Didier Ratsiraka, Madagascar's long-time ruler, has convened a special session of parliament for tomorrow to coincide with the swearing into office of his rival in a long-running power struggle.
		Ratsiraka has urged the National Assembly and Senate to meet at Mahajanga in the northwest of the politically divided island for a debate on how to "re-establish social peace and national concord".
		Ratsiraka, who has held power for all but five years since 1975, has said he does not recognise the court Didier Ratsiraka, Madagascar's long-time ruler, has convened a special session of parliament for tomorrow to coincide with the swearing into office of his rival in a long-running power struggle.
	www.madagasikara.de /englishnews/020505sabc.html (712 words)

	Didier Ratsiraka (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 2001, the island nation was pushed to the brink of civil war after the then-incumbent Didier Ratsiraka refused to accept defeat.
		Didier Ratsiraka (born 1936 was the President of Madagascar from 1975 until 1993 and from 1997 until 2002.
		Zafy was impeached in 1996, and Ratsiraka achieved a political comeback in early 1997 when he won presidential elections, running as the candidate of the AREMA party, defeating Zafy and Prime Minister/Acting President Norbert Ratsirahonana.
	publicliterature.org.cob-web.org:8888 /en/wikipedia/d/di/didier_ratsiraka.html (287 words)

	Madagascar: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — FactMonster.com
		Didier Ratsiraka, named president on June 15, 1975, announced that he would follow a socialist course and, after nationalizing banks and insurance companies, declared all mineral resources nationalized.
		Ratsiraka was reelected in 1989 in a suspicious election that led to riots as well as the formation of a multiparty system in 1990.
		The Dec. 2001 presidential election between incumbent president Didier Ratsiraka and Marc Ravalomanana, the mayor of Antananarivo, proved inconclusive and a runoff vote was scheduled.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107743.html (668 words)

	Didier Ratsiraka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Admiral Didier Ratsiraka (born November 4, 1936) was the President of Madagascar from 1975 until 1993 and from 1997 until 2002.
		Ratsiraka, known as the "Red Admiral", came to power in a military coup and in 1976 he began to set up a socialist government, founding the political party Vangard of the Malagasy Revolution (FNDR).
		Zafy was impeached in 1996, and Ratsiraka achieved a political comeback in late 1996 when he won presidential elections, running as the candidate of the AREMA party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Didier_Ratsiraka (595 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| world news \| Ravalomanana asserts full control
		Ratsiraka, who had ruled Madagascar for the better part of the past three decades alone, fled the country on Friday along with members of his family and his closest aides.
		From a diehard defender of Ratsiraka, General Iandry Fenomanana, the regional commander of some 600 men in Toamasina, became in the space of 24 hours "a brother in arms" of Ravalomanana's forces who have been closing in on the city since last week and are expected to arrive in Madagascar on Monday.
		Elected to the city's top job in 1999, Ratsiraka admitted that his name would pose difficulties for him "in these times", and feared he would be "the prime target" of Ravalomanana's troops and political envoys.
	iafrica.com /news/worldnews/993395.htm (732 words)

	Polity IV Country Report 2003: Madagascar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		President Ratsiraka suspended the 1975 constitution in October following increasing unrest and conceded to an 18-month transitional government leading to a new constitution in 1992, open electoral politics, and a diminution of presidential power in favor of stronger parliamentary government.
		Ratsiraka, as the candidate of the renamed Vanguard for Social and Economic Recovery (ARES) party, defeated Zafy in the December 1996 runoff vote and returned to the presidency with a narrow majority (50.7%) of the popular vote.
		The opposition CFV alliance that initiated the democratic reforms movement in 1991 split into factions prior to the 1993 legislative elections and the opposition has continued to be fragmented, allowing the ARES party to dominate the 1998 legislative elections and the 2001 Senate elections.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/polity/Mag1.htm (899 words)

	Pascal Chaigneau* (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Didier Ratsiraka himself definitely does away with some remaining Marxist traits and presents himself as an apologist of liberalism.
		His strategy is dual: to asphyxiate economically the capital situated in the center of the island, in the heart of the high plateaus, and to generate ethnic separatism in an attempt to preserve a space of power.
		Didier Ratsiraka’s call to ethnic hatred is therefore based on a psychologically complex humus.
	www.african-geopolitics.org /show.aspx?ArticleId=3198 (3263 words)

	afrol News - Ravalomanana now sole President of Madagascar
		Even if Ratsiraka was an old friend of the long-time Seychellois ruler, President France Albert René (whom he rescued in a 1983 coup), the Antananarivo-based newspaper reports of "a cold reception" in Mahé, which did not want to alienate the new Malagasy government.
		Ratsiraka's second stronghold, the northern province of Antsiranana, slowly was defeated during the two last weeks.
		Ratsiraka definitely had lost the diplomatic race and his assumed departure for exile three days after must be seen in that context.
	www.afrol.com /News2002/mad041_ratsiraka_flees.htm (773 words)

	allAfrica.com: Madagascar: Madagascar's Incumbent President, Didier Ratsiraka, Speaks (Page 1 of 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ratsiraka, who described himself as a national saviour, spoke of the dangers of ethnic strife in Madagascar and accused Ravalomanana and his supporters of pushing the country into civil war.
		Ratsiraka's supporters have erected roadblocks in various provinces, but especially around the capital, to starve it of fuel and other vital supplies.
		Ratsiraka has rejected that charge, saying the roadblocks "are a lesser evil designed to ward off an ethnic conflagration and a civil war because they separate the conflicting parties."
	allafrica.com /stories/200203290583.html (598 words)

	SABCnews.com - africa/east_africa
		Didier Ratsiraka, Madagascar's former president, left the divided island nation yesterday for France under unclear circumstances.
		State television, controlled by Ratsiraka's rival, disputed that President Marc Ravalomanana announced that the former president had gone into exile and said the political crisis that had split the nation in two and further damaged its already impoverished economy over the past six months, was finally over.
		From France, Ratsiraka was to travel to an Organisation of African Unity heads of state meeting called to discuss Madagascar's crisis in Libreville, Gabon, on June 18, the sources said.
	www.sabcnews.com /africa/east_africa/0,2172,36378,00.html (437 words)

	Ratsiraka flees island - sources: News24: Archive: News24
		Antsiranana, Madagascar - Former Madagascar ruler Didier Ratsiraka fled the country on Friday as President Marc Ravalomanana's troops advanced towards his last stronghold, diplomatic and airport sources said.
		Airport sources said Ratsiraka, who ruled Madagascar for 23 years, left with members of his family on an Antonov plane on Friday morning and was believed to be heading for Seychelles.
		Ratsiraka and Ravalomanana have been fighting for the presidency of the island of 16 million people since disputed December elections which Ravalomanana says his rival rigged.
	www.news24.com /News24/Archive/0,,2-1659_1209412,00.html (384 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Embattled Ratsiraka arrives in France
		As he departed with his wife and daughter, Mr Ratsiraka said he was not leaving Madagascar for good, but was going to Paris to seek a solution to the six-month power struggle with his rival, Marc Ravalomanana.
		Mr Ratsiraka's sudden departure has unleashed a barrage of speculation in Madagascar's press and in Mr Ravalomanana's camp.
		They say Mr Ratsiraka merely intends to spend a few days in Paris with his family before attending the next round of talks, expected to take place in Libreville early next week.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/2043523.stm (473 words)

	Didier Ratsiraka takes a well-deserved holiday [The Rockall Times]
		Staying at the famous fortified chateau at Amboise, Mr Ratsiraka must be hoping to draw inspiration from another famous guest of the town — Leonardo da Vinci.
		However, Mr Ratsiraka is more likely to use his time to plot the assassination of current president Marc Ravalomanana, whose surname has five "a"s to Ratsiraka's three.
		Mr Ratsiraka is in no hurry though, as pictures taken showing him relaxing with his wife at a St Etienne café show.
	www.therockalltimes.co.uk /2002/07/08/ratsiraka-holiday.html (289 words)

	Madagascar calm as Ratsiraka flees -DAWN - International; July 7, 2002
		NAIROBI: Didier Ratsiraka, Madagascar’s former ruler, fled the country on Friday, seemingly ending the violent seven-month-long leadership dispute and the flickering threat of civil war.
		Ratsiraka lost the presidential election to Ravalomanana in December, but contested the result and refused to stand aside.
		A senior army officer was killed in a gunfight with fleeing militia at a roadblock in Brickaville, which cut the main road between Toamasina and the capital.
	www.dawn.com /2002/07/07/int12.htm (540 words)

	Madagascar
		Until May 2002, when President Ravalomanana was declared President, incumbent President Didier Ratsiraka and his party, Alliance for the Rebirth of Madagascar (AREMA), disputed the results of the 2001 election, which resulted in widespread violence and numerous deaths.
		In July, the Government suspended 18 mayors for alleged fiscal and administrative improprieties, including Roland Ratsiraka, the mayor of Toamasina and the nephew of the former president; Ratsiraka was arrested in 2002 and released pending a hearing on multiple charges related to the political crisis.
		Ratsiraka, from his base in the east coast port city of Toamasina and with the support of five of the country's six provincial governors, tightened the blockade around the capital Antananarivo by attacking its infrastructure, particularly the bridges.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27736.htm (6650 words)

	ABC News: Opposition to Challenge Madagascar Vote
		Lahiniriko Jean, who finished second, and Roland Ratsiraka, who finished third, said they were filing complaints with the Constitutional High Court, alleging problems with the voters' rolls and seeking a new round of balloting for all 14 candidates.
		Both he and Ratsiraka also questioned the impartiality of the Constitutional High Court and said they wanted it disqualified as the adjudicators of the elections.
		The figures we have (for the count) are not the same as the ministry's," said Ratsiraka, who said he had delivered his challenge to the court on Monday.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=2717334 (359 words)

	Madagascar Government Information
		In response to largely peaceful mass demonstrations and crippling general strikes, Ratsiraka replaced his prime minister in August 1991 but suffered an irreparable setback soon thereafter when his troops fired on peaceful demonstrators marching on his suburban palace, killing more than 30.
		A political crisis followed in which Ratsiraka supporters cut major transport routes from the primary port city to the capital city, a stronghold of Ravalomanana support.
		Ratsiraka is from the coastal Betsimisarka tribe and Ravalomanana comes from the highland Merina tribe.
	www.traveldocs.com /mg/govern.htm (989 words)

	IRIN interview with Africa analyst, Stephen Ellis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The leadership wrangle began in January when Marc Ravalomanana, the charismatic mayor of the capital, organised mass protests accusing incumbent president Didier Ratsiraka of rigging the December polls in an effort to prolong his 23-year rule.
		Before Ratsiraka returned from Dakar, four of the six regional governors issued a communiqué refusing to lift the blockade until Ravalomanana dissolved his government.
		Ratsiraka on the other hand was very popular when he came into power and introduced a radical Marxist programme.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=27867 (1542 words)

	Didier Ratsiraka - Profil
		Mr Ratsiraka is no longer there, having moved his base to the north-eastern port city of Tamatave, his political heartland.
		Mr Ratsiraka became a brilliant and resourceful officer, who was occasionally described as the best student from amongst his predominantly aristocratic French contemporaries.
		In 1994 Mr Ratsiraka was re-elected with promises of increased co-operation with the international community and further liberalisation of the economy.
	www.madagasikara.de /Dokumente/profilratsirakabbcengl.html (480 words)

	Didier Ratsiraka arrives arrive in Dakar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Dakar, Senegal (PANA 08.06.2002) - Madagascar's embattled President Didier Ratsiraka arrived in Dakar Saturday at 16.45 GMT for second round negotiations with his political rival Marc Ravalomanana.
		Ratsiraka is leading a 20-member delegation including Malagasy Senate's Speaker, Honore Rakotomanana, several political advisers and representatives of the six provinces in the Indian Ocean Island nation.
		Shortly after his return to Toamasina port, his stronghold in north-eastern Madagascar, Ratsiraka did not order the dismantling of roadblocks erected by his supporters in a bid to economically paralyse Antananarivo, the Malagasy capital, as agreed in Dakar.
	www.vaovao.net /english0206-1/020608pana2.html (306 words)

	France says no extradition request received for Ratsiraka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ratsiraka's 10-year sentence followed a series of political trials of those involved in the power struggle between current President Marc Ravalomanana and Ratsiraka last year, after disputed election results.
		The Central Criminal Court delivered its verdict only a few hours after hearing arguments that Ratsiraka had wrongfully withdrawn US $8,000 from the country's central bank in the eastern port of Tamatave, his last stronghold toward the end of last year's crisis, the Associated Press reported.
		The prosecution said at that time Ratsiraka was no longer the president and therefore had no authority to withdraw the money.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=35860 (405 words)

	allAfrica.com: Africa: OAU Stands Aloof on Madagascar, Despite Departure of Ratsiraka (Page 1 of 1)
		Despite the departure to Seychelles on Friday of the embattled erstwhile leader of Madagascar, Didier Ratsiraka - and the official recognition of his rival Marc Ravalomanana by countries such as the United States and the former colonial power France - the Organisation of African Union (OAU) is standing aloof.
		Corridor whispers hint that Ravalomanana, who claims Ratsiraka rigged the December presidential election in Madagascar and first had himself proclaimed himself president in February, may be invited to join OAU leaders in Durban, on condition he agrees to a repeat election or, at the very least, to form a government of national unity and reconciliation.
		Ratsiraka became increasingly isolated in his eastern port city stronghold of Tamatave and Madagascar continued to live uncomfortably with two rival presidents, two governments and two capitals.
	allafrica.com /stories/200207050825.html (1018 words)

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