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Topic: Dielectric strength

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	Dielectric Strength ASTM D 149 IEC 80243
		Dielectric Strength is a measure of the electrical strength of a material as an insulator.
		Dielectric strength is defined as the maximum voltage required to produce a dielectric breakdown through the material and is expressed as Volts per unit thickness.
		Dielectric strength is calculated by dividing the breakdown voltage by the thickness of the sample.
	www.ptli.com /testlopedia/tests/DielStr-d149.asp (384 words)

	Dielectric strength - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The theoretical dielectric strength of a material is an intrinsic property of the bulk material and is not dependent on the configuration of the material or the electrodes with which the field is applied.
		For a given configuration of dielectric material and electrodes, the minimum electric field that produces breakdown.
		The field strength at which breakdown occurs in a given case is dependent on the respective geometries of the dielectric (insulator) and the electrodes with which the electric field is applied, as well as the rate of increase at which the electric field is applied.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dielectric_strength (181 words)

	Dielectric - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A dielectric, or electrical insulator, is a substance that is highly resistant to the flow of electric current and has a relative permittivity greater than unity.
		Dielectrics are more resistant to ionization than air, so a capacitor containing a dielectric can be subjected to a higher voltage.
		Layers of dielectric are commonly incorporated in manufactured capacitors to improve their performance above that of capacitors with only air or a vacuum between their plates, and the term dielectric refers to this application as well as the insulation used in power and RF cables.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dielectric (432 words)

	Apparatus for producing single crystals - Patent 5611857
		According to this report, the dielectric strength of gate oxide films of a silicon wafer is largely dependent on the rate of crystal growth.
		5 is an illustration of the variation of the ratio of wafers of acceptable dielectric strength of gate oxide films with variation of h/.phi., the ratio of the length of the heating element (h) to the inside diameter of the crucible (.phi.)
		Dielectric strength of gate oxide films is evaluated by taking 100 to 150 measurement points within a silicon wafer surface, observing the dielectric breakdown at each point, and determining the acceptability of the silicon wafer.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5611857.html (4020 words)

	CHEMTRAILS - CONTRAILS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The length of the spark that the generator can produce is generally predictable, and it is highly dependent upon the size of the sphere of the generator as well as the dielectric strength of the medium (e.g., air) that the spark traverses.
		The dielectric strength is a measure of the insulating capability of a medium, and is represented by a constant known as the dielectric strength of the material.
		The dielectric strength of air is stated from numerous sources to be approximately 3 million volts per meter.
	www.carnicom.com /conduct1.htm (459 words)

	Dielectric properties
		Dielectric strength is measured through the thickness of the material (taking care to avoid surface effects) and is normally expressed as a voltage gradient (volts per unit length).
		The value of dielectric strength for a specimen is also influenced by its temperature and ambient humidity, by any voids or foreign materials in the specimen, and by the conditions of test, so that it is often difficult to compare data from different sources.
		The dielectric constant of an insulating material is therefore numerically the ratio of the capacitance of a capacitor containing that material to the capacitance of the same electrode system with vacuum replacing the insulation as the dielectric medium.
	www.ami.ac.uk /courses/topics/0184_dp (1005 words)

	Tinius/ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		For a material to function as the dielectric of a capacitor, on the other hand, it is desirable to have a high value of dielectric constant, so the capacitor may be physically as small as possible.
		The dielectric strength of an insulating material is the voltage gradient at which electric failure or breakdown occurs as a continuous arc (the electrical property analogous to tensile strength in mechanical properties).
		The dielectric strength of plastics varies greatly with several conditions, such as humidity and geometry, and it is not possible to directly apply the standard test values to field use unless all conditions, including specimen dimension, are the same.
	www.tiniusolsen.com /telec.html (751 words)

	Gas-filled plastic enclosed relay - Patent 5554963
		To further increase the dielectric strength, a pressure higher than the normal atmospheric pressure is generally used and any leakage losses are compensated for by refilling.
		A worthwhile goal for improving performance capability is therefore to increase the dielectric strength with unchanged dimensions or to maintain the dielectric strength despite significantly smaller dimensions.
		Thus, compared with the dielectric strength attainable with a relay whose interior is filled with dry air or an inert gas, either a higher dielectric strength can be achieved with unchanged relay dimensions or smaller relay dimensions can be realized with unchanged dielectric strength.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5554963.html (1628 words)

	Measuring the dielectric strength of the dielectrics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The measurement of the dielectric strength of solid dielectrics can be done with the electrodes surrounded either with air or with a liquid dielectric.
		The dielectric strength is calculated as the quotient of the measured breakdown voltage and the thickness of the sample dielectric: E
		In the case of liquid or gaseous dielectrics the shape of the electrodes is shown in fig.
	www.gyogyitokezek.hu /fe/dielstrength.htm (344 words)

	ElectricalTests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The dielectric strength of a materials is an indication of its strength as an insulator.
		The dielectric strength varies greatly with several conditions, such as humidity and geometry; and it is not possible to directly apply the standard test values to actual product applications.
		The dielectric strength test results are always relative and no absolute values are possible since the dielectric strength varies inversely with the thickness of the specimen.
	online.sfsu.edu /~jge/html/body_electricaltests.html (218 words)

	dielectric
		A good dielectric should also have other properties: It must resist breakdown under high voltages; it should not itself draw appreciable power from the circuit; it must have reasonable physical stability; and none of its characteristics should vary much over a fairly wide temperature range.
		Generally, the dielectric constant of air is defined as 1 and other dielectric constants are determined with reference to it.
		Other properties of interest in a dielectric are dielectric strength, a measure of the maximum voltage it can sustain without significant conduction, and the degree to which it is free from power losses.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0815473.html (249 words)

	High-Energy-Density Capacitors
		The dielectric polymer is a siloxane polymer that has been modified with polar pendant groups to increase its permittivity and dielectric strength.
		Because part of the thickness of the dielectric is not occupied by the modified siloxane polymer, the achievable energy density must be somewhat less than the maximum value.
		A total of ten dielectric fluids were evaluated with regard to their properties, compatibility with the polymer-coated kraft paper, and effect on the dielectric strength of the polymer.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Feb03/LEW16921.html (651 words)

	ESR
		Dielectric strength is a property of the dielectric that is usually expressed in volts per mil (V/.001") or volts per centimeter (V/cm).
		The typical method of observing Dielectric Absorption is to charge up a cap to some known DC voltage for a given time, then discharge the capacitor through a 2 ohm resistor for one second, then watch the voltage on a high-input-impedance voltmeter.
		The dielectric losses can be thought of as friction of aligning dipoles and thus appear as an increase (or a reduction of the rate of decrease -- this increase is what makes the resistance vs freq line to go flat.) of measured ESR as frequency increases.
	xtronics.com /reference/esr.htm (1309 words)

	FaradNet Capacitor Glossary
		Adsorption mostly occurs in imperfect dielectrics, primarily solid dielectrics, such as glass, wax, Bakelite, etc. Positive and negative charges are separated and then accumulated at certain regions within the volume of the dielectric, usually manifesting itself as a gradually decreasing current with time after the application of a fixed direct voltage.
		Moisture present in the dielectric reduces the insulation resistance of the dielectric and thus tends to suppress absorption, but it increases the leakage current.
		DF is the ratio between the permittivity and conductivity of a dielectric, the reciprocal of the DF is the quality factor, sometimes called the storage factor.
	www.faradnet.com /glossary/d_gloss.htm (562 words)

	Newsletter Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		However, when you put water in the box (dielectric =75) a lot of energy is taken out of the field.
		dielectric strength and the lowest dielectric constant it will ever have.
		There is an inverse relationship between dielectric strength (standard insulating oil test) and dielectric constant (5100 test).
	www.compsys.com /enews/knewspro.nsf/v/DBRN-4Z7G23 (479 words)

	ONLINE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT METER
		Dielectric strength -Dielectric constant can be scaled to an analog output or a remote display with a simple dielectric test.
		These results in turn provide an indication of the loss of lubricating properties of the oil and also of and mechanical wear in the equipment in which the oil is used.
		Dielectric reporting is the mechanism used by EASZ-1 Oil Analyzer to check oil.
	www.measurementdirectory.com /dielectric_constant_meter.html (580 words)

	Molded Dimensions - Engineered Elastomer Solutions to help you win!
		The dielectric strength of an elastomer is the voltage required to puncture, a sample of known thickness and is expressed as volts per mil of thickness.
		The dielectric constant is the ratio of the electrical capacity of a condenser using the elastomer under test as the dielectric, to the capacity of a similar condenser using air as the dielectric.
		One of the factors which influences the dielectric constant is frequency, and tests may be run from a low of 25 cycles per second to many megacycles per second.
	www.moldeddimensions.com /electricalprop.htm (522 words)

	technical information : calculating the dielectric strength
		Take an average of the voltages and then 75% of that is approximately the dielectric strength of the material.
		So now you have a value for the dielectric strength we can look at how this relates to the test voltage calculated previously.
		We know the dielectric strength is 8400 V /mm so for 2mm the maximum voltage before breakdown occurs is 2 x 8400 = 16,800 V. In this example then the test voltage of 11,180 V can be used since it is less than the breakdown voltage of the material (16,800V).
	www.buckleys.co.uk /dielectric.htm (678 words)

	DielectricStrength
		As another rule of thumb, the average dielectric strength for epoxies and polyurethanes are as follows:
		There is a method to estimate the dielectric strength for any thickness of the same material provided that an accurate dielectric strength is known along with specimen thickness that was used to obtain it.
		In general, it is imperative that both the sample thickness and the test temperature is known for each product in order to compare the dielectric strengths in a meaningful way.
	www.crosslinktech.com /dielectricstrength.htm (499 words)

	Re: what is dielectric strength and dielectric stress??
		The electric reason is the molecules within the dielectric may increase the capacitance because the dielectric permittivity is higher than air's.
		Electrons are ripped from the dielectric atoms and their motion is a conduction current.
		Dielectric stress is the electrostatic force divided by the area.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/1998-03/889679790.Eg.r.html (250 words)

	Cropico \| precision measurement solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Dielectric Strength Testers in the DMG series perform dielectric strength testing and insulation measurement enabling the guarantee of good quality insulation materials and the conformity of electrical appliances to the safety standards.
		The DMG500 is similar to the DMG50 but with a 500 VA generator for dielectric strength test (100 mA current) and conforms to the following standards EN60958-1, EN60335-1, EN60204-1...
		The RMG50 and RMG500 have the same specification as the DMG Series for dielectric strength testing.
	www.cropico.co.uk /dmg50.html (130 words)

	Dielectrics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Dielectric Constant: If the gap between the conductors of a capacitor is filled with an insulator other than vacuum, the capacitance is increased because of the polarization of the insulator.
		Dielectric Strength: The dielectric strength of an insulator is the critical electric field beyond which the molecules in the dielectric stretch so much that one or more electrons are ripped free from the molecules.
		The most spectacular example of this process is lightning, and the most annoying is when your little brother rubs his feet on the carpet and sneaks up from the rear.
	maxwell.byu.edu /~spencerr/websumm122/node39.html (198 words)

	Expert in: Dielectric Phenomena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Expert maintains that knowledge of the mechanisms of conduction and breakdown is fundamental to informed dielectric engineering.
		Expert has used applications of the physics and chemistry of dielectric materials to investigate both the use of new (or modified) materials and the appraisal of insulation structural design.
		He has gained experience specifically in mixed dielectric situations involving gas, liquid, and solid (usually polymer) media as well as in vacuum environments.
	www.intota.com /viewbio.asp?bioID=604048&perID=108155 (516 words)

	Texloc.com - Technical Terms for Fluoroplastic Tubing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It is very dependent upon thickness so that, for example, the dielectric strength for a 0.001 inch film (in volts per mil) is often twice that for a 0.005 inch film of the same material (25.4 volts per mil = 1k volts per mm).
		For most dielectrics (insulators) these two factors mean the same and are a measure of how much power is converted to heat; this conversion is obviously undesirable in an insulator and so the power factor should be as low as possible.
		To calculate the tensile strength, the maximum load is divided by the test piece cross-sectional area which should be measured before the test is carried out.
	www.texloc.com /closet/cl_techterms.html (2089 words)

	dielectric withstand test
		A Dielectric Withstand Tester (also called hipot tester, dielectric strength tester, flash tester, high voltage tester) is then used to measure this current.
		Non-destructive tests are featured by the use of low power dielectric strength testers whose short-circuit current does not exceed a few milliamps and whose detection system accurate and swift provides for the immediate suppression of the test voltage upon a breakdown.
		Through observation of the breakdown phenomena, via oscilloscopic methods, it is possible to assert that they are featured by very sharp variation in current in the test circuit; this latter consists of the dielectric strength test station and the sample tested (Diagram 2).
	www.sefelec.com /en/dielectric-withstand-test.php (1111 words)

	Pedestals
		PRMC pedestals have a dielectric strength of 380 volts per mil or 71,250 volts with 3/16” SMC thickness.
		P-50 pedestals have a dielectric strength of 380 volts per mil or 71,250 volts with 3/16” SMC thickness.
		Below grade pedestals have a dielectric strength of 380 volts per mil or 95,000 volts with 1/4” SMC thickness.
	www.nordicfiberglass.com /html/pedestals.html (470 words)

	Flange Insulation Kit Specifications
		The Mylar shall be a 1/32 inch thick tube with a 4000 volts/mil dielectric strength and water absorption of 0.8% or less.
		Their compressive strength shall be 33,000 psi, dielectric strength 500 volts/mil and water absorption 1.6% or less.
		Their compressive strength shall be 50,000 psi, dielectric strength 550 volts/mil and water absorption 0.10% or less.
	www.pipelineseal.com /lbfikspec2.htm (1361 words)

	Insulator breakdown voltage : PHYSICS OF CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
		Specific dielectric strength is sometimes listed in terms of volts per mil (1/1000 of an inch), or kilovolts per inch (the two units are equivalent), but in practice it has been found that the relationship between breakdown voltage and thickness is not exactly linear.
		Material* Dielectric strength (kV/inch) =========================================== Vacuum ------------------- 20 Air ---------------------- 20 to 75 Porcelain ---------------- 40 to 200 Paraffin Wax ------------- 200 to 300 Transformer Oil ---------- 400 Bakelite ----------------- 300 to 550 Rubber ------------------- 450 to 700 Shellac ------------------ 900 Paper -------------------- 1250 Teflon ------------------- 1500 Glass -------------------- 2000 to 3000 Mica --------------------- 5000
		Specific dielectric strength is typically rated in one of two equivalent units: volts per mil, or kilovolts per inch.
	www.allaboutcircuits.com /vol_1/chpt_12/8.html (413 words)

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