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Topic: Dietary Reference Intake

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	Dietary Reference Intakes: Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate - Institute of Medicine
		Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
		Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids
		Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline
	www.iom.edu /report.asp?id=18495 (556 words)

	Dietary Reference Intake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dietary Reference Intake is a set of guidelines set up in 1997 to give more detailed guidance than the RDA system which preceded it.
		The DRIs are a set of four reference values: Estimated Average Requirements (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), Adequate Intakes (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, (UL) that have replaced the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs).
		The name RDA was dropped in favour of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dietary_Reference_Intake (185 words)

	Dietary Reference Intakes: Definitions
		The RDA is the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals in a particular life-stage and gender group.
		The AI is the recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people who are assumed to be maintaining an adequate nutritional state.
		An EER is defined as the average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in healthy, normal weight individuals of a defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity consistent with good health.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /fn-an/nutrition/reference/table/index_e.html (1458 words)

	Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
		Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) is a generic term for several new types of advisory reference values noted below.
		At this level of intake, the remaining 50 percent of the specified group would not have its needs met.
		- The Recommended Dietary Allowance is the dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.
	efaeducation.nih.gov /sig/dietary1.html (229 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997)
		DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES FOR Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride Physiology of Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion In both children and adults, fractional intestinal magnesium absorption is inversely proportional to the amount of magnesium ingested (Kayne and Lee, 1993).
		Total magnesium intake is usually dependent on caloric intake, which explains the higher intake levels seen in the young and in adult males and the lower levels seen in women and in the elderly.
		Investigations are needed to assess the inter-relationships between dietary magnesium intakes, indicators of magnesium status, and possible health outcomes that may be affected by inadequate magnesium intakes, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic vascular disease, altered bone turnover, and osteoporosis.
	books.nap.edu /books/0309063507/html/190.html (7790 words)

	DRIs and RDAs
		The AI is the nutrient intake level of healthy people assumed to be adequate and is based on observed intakes, experimental data, etc. The UL is the highest daily nutrient intake likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all of the general population.
		Dietary Reference Intakes for folate: the debut of dietary folate equivalents.
		Dietary Reference Intakes: the new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline.
	www.fiu.edu /~nutreldr/SubjectList/D/DRI_RDA.htm (1688 words)

	Dietary Calcium Intakes of Urban Children at Risk of Lead Poisoning
		Quintile means of calcium intake (± SE) were 222 ± 18; 491 ± 13; 710 ± 8; 890 ± 9; and 1,416 ± 65 mg/day for the 1-3-year-old children and 234 ± 21; 493 ± 14; 739 ± 9; 887 ± 10; and 1,367 ± 78 mg/day for the 4-8-year-old children.
		Dietary calcium intakes of children in the lower and middle income groups were 725 ± 27, and 763 ± 65 mg/day, respectively, and blood lead concentrations were 10.6 ± 0.9 and 12.5 ± 1.3 µg/dL, respectively; these differences are not statistically significant (t-test, p > 0.05).
		Mean calcium intakes of the 1-3-year-old (746 mg/day) and 4-8-year-old (739 mg/day) children in the current study are comparable to intakes of 750 mg/day for 1-2-year-old and 772 mg/day for 3-5-year-old children reported in a large nationwide survey (21).
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1999/107p431-435bruening/bruening-full.html (4207 words)

	Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)/RDA Topic Page (Food & Nutrition Information Center)
		Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001)
		Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline
		Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate
	www.nal.usda.gov /fnic/etext/000105.html (212 words)

	EFR: FAQs about DRIs for bone nutrients (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all individuals in the group.
		The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the maximum level of daily nutrient intake that is unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects to almost all of the individuals in the group for whom it is designed.
		It is recognized, however, that the low energy intakes reported in recent national surveys may mean that it would be unusual to see changes in food habits to the extent necessary to maintain intakes by all individuals at levels recommended in the report.
	www.penpages.psu.edu /penpages_reference/12101updated/121012250.html (1787 words)

	Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium+ (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dietary intake of vitamin D is unnecessary for individuals who spend adequate amounts of time in the sun.
		While many may be consuming sufficient intakes to meet their requirements, the recommendations are intended to provide general guidance to vulnerable individuals and population groups in order to reduce the likelihood that they will develop osteoporosis.
		The AI is derived though experimental or observational data that show a mean intake which appears to sustain a desired indicator of health, such as calcium retention in bone, for most members of a population group.
	www.penpages.psu.edu /penpages_reference/12101/121012357.html (1284 words)

	The Institute of Medicine's "Dietary Reference Intake" for Phosphorus: A Critical Perspective -- Sax 20 (4): 271 -- ...
		intake should be elevated or phosphorus intake reduced.
		the dietary calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is not meaningful in
		intake is the culprit in the first instance.
	www.jacn.org /cgi/content/full/20/4/271 (4858 words)

	Nutrition Perspectives January - February 2001
		The reference intake values are designed to meet the needs of individuals in the United States and in Canada who are healthy and free from specific diseases or conditions that may alter their daily nutritional requirements.
		The tolerable upper intake level was not set to protect these people since there is insufficient evidence to determine a specific maximum level that would provide significant protection against the development of the clinical symptoms of this disorder.
		At the seven-year assessment, the percent of saturated fat intake dropped on average from 12.5 percent to 10.2 percent of calories in the interven-tion group, and from 12.7 percent to 11.3 percent of calories in the usual care group.
	nutrition.ucdavis.edu /perspectives/JanFeb01.htm (9562 words)

	Patient Education Reports - UMMC (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The only natural dietary sources are animal products, including meats, dairy products, eggs, and fish (clams and oily fish are very high in B12).
		Dietary sources are eggs, milk, liver, mushrooms, bananas, tomatoes, whole grains, nuts, and brewer's yeast.
		Low dietary intake of vitamin C may also increase lead levels in the blood.
	www.umm.edu /patiented/doc39specificvitamin.html (2827 words)

	Calcium Intake Goals Increase
		Exercise and calcium intake both influence bone mass, but it is still unclear whether calcium intake influences the degree of benefit derived from the exercise.
		Dietary protein intake increases urinary calcium excretion but it should also be recognized that inadequate protein intakes have been associated with poor general health and poor recovery from osteoporatic hip fractures.
		On balance, lacto-ovovegetarians and omnivores appear to have fairly similar dietary calcium intake and have similar amounts of urinary calcium excretion.
	www.usd.edu /med/family/hfactor/1999/99novpg3.htm (1093 words)

	Recommended Dietary Allowance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient that is considered sufficient to meet the requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in each life-stage and gender group.
		The RDAs are established by the Food and Nutrition Board of the (US) National Academy of Sciences.
		In 1997 at the suggestion of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy RDA became one part of a broader set of dietary guidelines called the Dietary Reference Intake or DRI.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Recommended_Dietary_Allowance (174 words)

	Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids - ...
		This report is the fifth in a series of reports from the Food and Nutrition Board presenting dietary reference values for the intake of nutrients by Americans and Canadians.
		The recommended intake for total fiber for adults 50 years and younger is set at 38 grams for men and 25 grams for women, while for men and women over 50 it is 30 and 21 grams per day, respectively, due to decreased food consumption.
		Using new data, the report reaffirms previously established recommended levels of protein intake, which is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight for adults; however recommended levels for pregnancy are increased.
	www.iom.edu /report.asp?id=4340 (515 words)

	Vitamins, Carotenoids, and Phytochemicals
		The RDA is gradually being enhanced using a new standard called the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI).
		Labels on vitamins and other dietary supplements now include nutrient information and list all ingredients, including identifying parts of plants from which ingredients may be taken.
		The benefits of any dietary factors are very difficult to prove, and, in fact to date there is no hard evidence that any supplement protects against any major disease.
	www.mercydesmoines.org /ADAM/WellConnected/articles/000039.asp (10270 words)

	The New Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium: Implications for Osteoporosis -- Bryant et al. 18 (Supplement 5): 406 -- ...
		The New Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium: Implications for Osteoporosis -- Bryant et al.
		Mean calcium intake of American males and females compared to the NAS 1997 Dietary Reference Intakes-Adequate Intakes.
		Overall, balance in bone calcium turnover was significantly influenced by calcium intake (p<0.006), and was significantly higher in the granddaughters compared with grandmothers or mothers during the low-calcium period (p<0.001).
	www.jacn.org /cgi/content/full/18/suppl_5/406S (3981 words)

	National Academies Press: Dietary Reference Intakes Set; 12 Book SET
		The title for these guidelines, Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), is the inclusive name given to this new approach.
		Adequate intake level, where a recommended dietary allowance cannot be based on an estimated average requirement.
		Additionally, developed and incorporated into each volume are statistically appropriate methods that provide guidance on the use of reference intakes for assessing dietary adequacy in populations and in developing policy regarding feeding programs, food labeling, and food fortification.
	www.nap.edu /catalog/dri (328 words)

	ific.org : Questions and Answers About Dietary Reference Intakes
		Please note: This document references the Food Guide Pyramid, which was updated in April 2005 by the United States Department of Agriculture and is now the MyPyramid Food Guidance System.
		The RDA is the average daily intake that will meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all healthy people in a specific age and gender category.
		The RDA of a nutrient is computed using the Estimated Average Intake (EAR), which represents the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.
	ific.org /publications/qa/driqa.cfm (710 words)

	Vitamin E: too much or not enough? -- Traber 73 (6): 997 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
		The new dietary reference intake for vitamin E (1) also includes
		reference intake for vitamin E is not based on antioxidant activities
		Effects of limited tocopherol intake in man with relationships to erythrocyte hemolysis and lipid oxidations.
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/73/6/997 (945 words)

	Quick reference - InnerVibrance.Com
		DRIs are revised recommendations for vitamins and minerals from the Institute of Medicine, an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, which will gradually replace the Recommended Dietary Allowances or RDA guidelines.
		RDAs are safe levels of intake for essential nutrients, based on current scientific knowledge.
		RDAs are gradually being replaced by revised guidelines called Dietary Reference Intakes or DRIs.
	www.innervibrance.com /reference (140 words)

	Antioxidants and Exercise
		References used in this web site are linked to the corresponding abstract located at the National Library of Medicine.
		Among the topics discussed for each antioxidant will be background, metabolism, daily reference intake, and current research in relation to exercise.
		This article was written by Bryan Helwig, M.S. 2000 graduate of the Department of Human Nutrition at Kansas State University, under the supervision of Dr. Katherine Grunewald.
	www.exrx.net /Nutrition/Antioxidants/Antioxidants.html (221 words)

	Soy lecithin granules an excellent nutritional supplement.
		It is commonly referred to as soya or soy bean lecithin.
		The lecithin is removed from soybean oil by injecting the oil with water, and then separating the lecithin-water mixture from the oil in a centrifuge (like the spin cycle in your washing machine), and drying the lecithin.
		On April 7, 1998 the Board announced new Dietary Reference Intake levels (DRI) of choline and a number of B vitamins.
	www.bulkfoods.com /lecithin.htm (875 words)

	Vitamins, Carotenoids, and Phytochemicals (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The DRI is a standard based on four different rating sets, including the tolerable upper intake level (UL), which is the maximum dose likely to be safe in nearly all individuals.
		The FDA is now requiring that vitamins and other dietary supplements include labels similar to those found on all commercial foods.
		Studies have reported that a high intake of fruits and vegetables containing beta carotene, lycopene, and other carotenoids may reduce the risk of heart attack.
	www.reutershealth.com /wellconnected/doc39.html (9669 words)

	Nutrient Recommendations : Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
		The Food and Nutrition Board addresses issues of safety, quality, and adequacy of the food supply; establishes principles and guidelines of adequate dietary intake; and renders authoritative judgments on the relationships among food intake, nutrition, and health.
		Dietary Reference Intakes for Trace Elements (e.g., Vitamins A and K, iron and zinc)
		Dietary Reference Intakes for Water and Electrolytes (e.g., potassium, sodium, chloride)
	ods.od.nih.gov /Health_Information/Dietary_Reference_Intakes.aspx (179 words)

	Assessment of dietary vitamin D requirements during pregnancy and lactation -- Hollis and Wagner 79 (5): 717 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		D intakes published by the National Academy of Sciences (15).
		Vitamin D intake is low and hypovitaminosis D common in healthy 9-to-15 year old Finnish girls.
		Maternal vitamin D intake and mineral metabolism in mothers and their newborn infants.
	intl.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/79/5/717 (6284 words)

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