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Topic: Diethyl ether peroxide

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	HHMI Lab Safety: LCSS: DIETHYL ETHER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Ether vapor may be ignited by hot surfaces such as hot plates and static electricity discharges, and since the vapor is heavier than air, it may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and flash back.
		Diethyl ether forms unstable peroxides on exposure to air in a reaction that is promoted by light; the presence of these peroxides may lead to explosive residues upon distillation.
		Diethyl ether should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices" described in Chapter 5.C, supplemented by additional precautions for dealing with extremely flammable substances (Chapter 5.F).
	www.hhmi.org /about/labsafe/lcss/lcss30.html (707 words)

	Ether Information Center - nas ether
		Ether is the general name for a class of chemical dark of ether compounds which contain an ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two (substituted) alkyl groups.
		Ethers are not to be confused with ethyl ether where to buy the following classes of compounds dimethyl ether with the same general structure R-O-R. Aromatic the ether compounds like furan where the oxygen is part of the aromatic system.
		For this reason ethers like diethyl nas- ether we belong to ether ether and THF hoax perfume ether are usually ethyl ether avoided limonenediethyl ether as solvents in industrial processes.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Biochemistry_Topics_E_-_F/Ether.html (707 words)

	Johns Hopkins Animal Care and Use: Guidelines
		Conversely, ether and methoxyflurane are relatively safer agents to use by open drop because they volatilize poorly, and it takes a longer time for animals to become anesthetized, greatly increasing the margin of safety.
		Diethyl ether (ether) is a flammable liquid with a characteristic “sweet” odor.
		Ether may be used in a biosafety cabinet that is connected to the building exhaust system, but may not be used in a biosafety cabinet that is vented into the room.
	www.jhu.edu /animalcare/committee_ether.html (857 words)

	EHS Update: Peroxide-forming Chemical
		Peroxide crystals may form on the container plug or the threads of the lid and detonate when the lid is twisted.
		(Peroxides are usually less volatile than their parent material and will tend to concentrate in the hot distillation pot).
		The peroxides formed in these reactions are extremely shock and heat sensitive.
	www.med.cornell.edu /ehs/updates/peroxide_formers.htm (690 words)

	Ether - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Ether is the general name for a class of chemical compounds which contain an ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two (substituted) alkyl groups.
		Ethers are not to be confused with the following classes of compounds with the same general structure R-O-R. Aromatic compounds like furan where the oxygen is part of the aromatic system.
		In a primary ether this carbon is connected to only one other carbon as in diethyl ether CH An example of a secondary ether is diisopropyl ether (CH and that of a tertiary ether is di-tert-butyl ether (CH Dimethyl ether, a primary, a secondary, and a tertiary ether.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=9263 (591 words)

	Diethyl ether peroxide at AllExperts (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Diethyl ether peroxides are a class of organic peroxides that slowly form in diethyl ether upon storage under air, light, or in the presence of metal by autoxidation.
		Diethyl ether hydroperoxide (CH) is a colorless liquid of low viscosity with a pleasant smell.
		The dangerous properties of ether peroxides are the reason that diethyl ether and other peroxide forming ethers like tetrahydrofuran (THF) or ethylenglycoldimethylether (1,2-dimethoxyethane) are avoided in industrial processes.
	experts.about.com.cob-web.org:8888 /e/d/di/diethyl_ether_peroxide.htm (273 words)

	Safety & Environmental Management: Biology Laboratory
		Diethyl Ether is a solvent in widespread laboratory use (e.g.
		Diethyl ether supplied by BDH contains negligible levels of peroxide and anti-oxidants (such as pyrogallol) are added to inhibit peroxide formation.
		However, peroxide formation will commence when the container is opened, allowing air to enter in proportion to the emptying of the liquid contents, and will continue on prolonged storage of an opened bottle.
	www.biology.unimelb.edu.au /safety/ohs21.html (335 words)

	Diethyl ether
		Diethyl ether ((CH O), also usually referred as "ether", is an important solvent in organic synthesis.
		Ether layer is separated and treated with concentrated solution of calcium chloride (to remove ethanol), later solution is taken in 1/2 amount of obtained distillate (I usually treat it with two portions).
		Big volumes of ether, and specially ether that have been standing for a long time, should not be distilled to dryness.
	www.frogfot.com /synthesis/dietether.html (903 words)

	Synthesis of Diethyl Ether from Ethanol
		Because diethyl ether is so flammable, and prone to ingition, this procedure should be carried out using a hotplater/stirrer designed for use in flammable environments.
		Diethyl ether is prepared from ethanol (a.k.a grain alcohol, ethyl alcohol, drinking alcohol) by heating it with concentrated.
		Then the ether is distilled on a water bath, over fresh (fresh means a different batch than what you used to dry with) metallic sodium.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/ethyl.ether.html (1154 words)

	Lab Safety Manual
		Peroxides may detonate with extreme violence when concentrated by evaporation or distillation, when combined with other compounds, or when disturbed by unusual heat, shock or friction.
		Peroxide formation may be detected by visual inspection for crystalline solids or viscous liquids, or by using chemical methods or specialized kits for quantitative or qualitative analysis.
		Peroxide test strips, which change color to indicate the presence of peroxides, may be purchased through most laboratory reagent distributors.
	web.princeton.edu /sites/ehs/labsafetymanual/sec7c.htm (771 words)

	Off-tastes in raw and reconstituted milk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The peroxide value means the number of milligram-equivalents of oxygen per kilogram of anhydrous milk fat, determined by the procedure described.
		The fat content is gravimetrically determined by extraction of the fat from an ammoniacal alcoholic solution of milk powder with diethyl ether and light petroleum, evaporation of the solvents and weighing of the residues, according to the principle of Röse-Gottlieb.
		Note 2: diethyl ether may be maintained free from peroxides by adding wet zinc foil that has been completely immersed in dilute acidified copper sulphate solution for 1 minute and subsequently washed with water.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/X6537E/X6537E05.htm (7925 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Peroxide
		Peroxides and hydroperoxides are highly reactive materials and may be extremely shock-sensitive explosives.
		Peroxides can occur in virtually any kind of organic chemical, however, certain chemicals are particularly prone to peroxide formation and pose special hazards.
		In the case of diisopropyl ether, the free radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from a carbon next to the ether oxygen atom.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/peroxide.html (2125 words)

	Reed College Environmental Health & Safety
		Anhydrous diethyl ether is supplied in sealed cans and contains a small amount of "stabilizing" agent—that is, a compound that reacts rapidly with the initial free radicals formed by reaction with oxygen and hence eliminates the autocatalytic effect.
		In addition to diethyl ether, other commonly used ethers and alcohols are dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, di-isopropyl ether, glyme (the dimethyl ether of ethylene glycol), diglyme, triglyme, 2-butanol, 2-octanol, and cyclohexanol.
		Peroxides can be detected by shaking a sample of the ether or alcohol with a freshly prepared solution of KI (5 to 10%) which has been acidified by the addition of a few drops of hydrochloric acid.
	web.reed.edu /ehs/chemistry_safety/5.upperclass.html (3818 words)

	Diethyl ether - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Diethyl ether has the formula CH It is used as a common solvent and has been used as a general anesthetic.
		Ether peroxides are higher boiling and are contact explosives when dry.
		Ether should never be distilled to dryness, as the risk of explosion increases dramatically.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diethyl_ether (695 words)

	Ether (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		For other meanings, see Ether (disambiguation) Ether is the general name for a class of chemical compounds which contain an Ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two (substituted) alkyl groups.
		Not all compounds of the formula R-O-R are ethers Ethers are not to be confused with the following classes of compounds with the same general structure R-O-R. Aromatic compounds like furan where the oxygen is part of the Aromatic system.
		Dimethyl ether, a primary, a secondary, and a tertiary ether.
	ether.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (691 words)

	CHSP: Hazard Controls: Specific Hazard Controls: Control Procedures for Reactive Chemicals
		Peroxide formation in common laboratory chemicals is caused by an autoxidation reaction.
		Most organic peroxide crystals are sensitive to heat, shock, or friction, and their accumulation in laboratory reagents has resulted in numerous explosions.
		Group C is a representative list of monomers that form peroxides which may act as a catalyst resulting in explosive polymerization.
	www.lbl.gov /ehs/chsp/html/reactives.shtml (2597 words)

	Chapter 3 - Miscellaneous Chemicals
		Separate the ether from the ice water with a separatory funnel,wash with 10% sodium hydroxide solution, dry over calcium chloride for 24 hours, and redistill the ether.
		Explosive peroxides that form from prolonged contact with oxygen in the air pose a significant risk to the chemist.
		To collect the ether for distillation, spray the contents of the can into a flask that is nestled in crushed ice (in a well ventilated area or outside).
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/tcboe/chapter3.html (4682 words)

	ETHYL ETHER (Stabilized with ethyl alcohol)
		Synonyms: Ether; Ether, anhydrous; Diethyl ether; 1,1'Oxybisethane; Ethyl oxide; Diethyl oxide
		Ether is subject to peroxide formation in opened containers and should be protected from exposure to air.
		Any ether remaining in opened containers that has not been consumed/used after 2-3 days, should be discarded.
	www.uiowa.edu /~chemsafe/MSDS/DiethylEther.html (1641 words)

	Peroxidizable Compounds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Peroxide forming substances include: aldehydes, ethers (especially cyclic ether), compounds containing benzylic hydrogen atoms, compounds containing the allylic structure (including most alkenes), vinyl and vinylidine compounds.
		Labels on peroxide forming substances must contain the date the container was received, first opened and the initials of the person who first opened the container.
		Peroxide impurities in water-soluble solvents are easily removed by gently shaking with a concentrated solution of a ferrous salt.
	www.ehs.neu.edu /peroxide.htm (933 words)

	Guidelines for the Safe Storage and Use of Peroxidizable Chemicals
		The chemicals listed in List C as “autopolymerize as a result of peroxide accumulation” may explode when relatively small quantities of peroxides are formed.
		When the date on the container expires, the peroxide-forming chemical shall either be 1) tested for peroxide content or 2) assumed to contain excessive peroxides and disposed of as hazardous waste.
		The easiest method to test for peroxides is the use of peroxide test strips.
	www.louisville.edu /admin/dehs/LSM/peroxidizable.htm (1090 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Ether
		Ethers are particularly prone to formation of dangerous peroxides.
		The term "petroleum ether" is an old term used to refer to a mixture of hydrocarbons with a specific boiling point range.
		Many ethers (such as diethyl ether) are highly volatile and flammable.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/ether.html (512 words)

	Whitening Effects of Peroxide Gels on Darkened Lead White Paint
		The initial rationale for using hydrogen peroxide in the form of a poultice was based on the assumption that the success of the lead sulfide conversion treatment relates directly to the duration of exposure.
		The effect of cellulose ethers in hydrogen peroxide formulations for the conversion of lead sulfide to lead sulfate would appear to be analogous to that of the bleaching formulations commonly used by dentists.
		A microscopic layer of cellulose ether residue will remain when this technique is employed, just as it will when cellulose ether is used as a poultice for adhesives, as a sizing agent, as a surfactant, etc. This fact might seem disturbing at first, but upon closer consideration, the benefits of cellulose ether residues become apparent.
	aic.stanford.edu /sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-08.html (4605 words)

	Carolina Biological: Chemistry: The Perils of Peroxides
		Organic peroxides are carbon-based chemicals that include a double oxygen (-O-O-) bond in their molecular structure.
		Reagents with low peroxide levels may be safely used; however, it depends on the application of the reagent.
		When used as part of a regular testing and labeling program, Quantofix® Peroxide 25 test strips are a reliable and easy way to test for the presence of peroxides in peroxide-forming chemicals and reagents.
	www.carolina.com /chemistry/resources/peroxides.asp (838 words)

	6.0 Chemical Hazards
		Liquid peroxides or solutions shall be stored so that the peroxide will not freeze or precipitate, because these forms are extremely sensitive to heat or shock.
		The sensitivity of organic peroxides to heat and shock may be reduced by diluting the peroxides with inert solvents (such as aliphatic hydrocarbons or mineral oil).
		Peroxides may be removed by passing the solvent through an alumina column.
	www.research.northwestern.edu /research/ors/labsafe/cbsl/cbsl6.htm (11154 words)

	Peroxidizable Compounds
		Especially dangerous are cyclic ethers (e.g., Tetrahydrofuran and dioxane) and ethers derived from primary and secondary alcohols, particularly diisopropyl ether.
		Ethers having an aromatic group bonded to the oxygen generally do not peroxidize under normal conditions.
		Examples are diethyl ether, dioxane, THF, tetralin, and cyclohexene.
	www.denison.edu /sec-safe/safety/chemsafe/peroxides.html (169 words)

	Diethyl ether peroxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Diethyl ether hydroperoxide decomposes in the presence of sodium hydroxide and Fe
		Ether peroxides can be destroyed by disproportionation to acetaldehyde with Fe or Mn
		The resulting aldehyde has to be removed to prevent a rapid back-formation of peroxides.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diethyl_ether_peroxide (289 words)

	UMB Environmental Health and Safety
		This problem is most common in ethers, but also occurs in a variety of other organic compounds as well as in some alkali metals and amides.
		The first sep in preventing the formation of peroxides is to date all containers of peroxide forming chemicals with the date the container was first opened.
		The second step is to test for peroxides or dispose of the peroxide forming chemicals withing six months of the date the container was first opened.
	www.ehs.umaryland.edu /waste/mgmt.cfm (519 words)

	Policy - Peroxide formers
		If peroxides are not present, the discard date can be reset as per Class III schedule (otherwise discard promptly via EHandS).
		Chemical that show no peroxides can be reset as per their group schedule.
		Those that show the presence of peroxides but below 10 ppm should be re-tested after 6 month or per their group schedule whichever is the shorter time period.
	www.nmsu.edu /~Safety/policies/policy_peroxide_former.html (520 words)

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