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Topic: Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel

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	Metronome Summary
		The metronome was invented by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel in Amsterdam in 1812.
		Johann Mälzel copied several of Winkel's construction ideas and received the patent for the portable metronome in 1816.
		Ludwig van Beethoven was the first composer to indicate metronome markings in his music, in 1817, although the extremely fast markings he put on some pieces lead some modern scholars to suspect his metronome was quite inaccurate.
	www.bookrags.com /Metronome (918 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Metronome
		A metronome is a device that produces a regulated pulse, usually used to keep a beat steady in musical compositions.
		Johann MÃ¤lzel copied several of Winkel's construction ideas and received the patent for the portable metronome in 1816.
		Ludwig van Beethoven was the first well-known composer to indicate metronome markings in his music, in 1817, but many performances of his music still vary widely from his tempo indications, particularly in slow movements.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Metronome (537 words)

	Metronome \| World of Invention
		Although originally attributed to Austrian physician Johann Nepomuk Maelzel (1772-1838), today's metronome was actually developed by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel (1776-1826), a German-born master organ builder living in Amsterdam.
		His device was a one-square-foot, hinged box that contained an adjustable, double-weighted pendulum kept moving by an escapement (a notched wheel that controls movement) that was itself driven by a small weight on the end of a cord wrapped around a drum.
		Winkel showed his invention to Maelzel, who in turn demonstrated it to his friend Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827).
	www.bookrags.com /research/metronome-woi (397 words)

	winkel - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 5 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word winkel:
		Phrases that include winkel: corrie winkel, dietrich nikolaus winkel, fr.
		winkel horn, fr winkel horn, gary winkel, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=winkel (112 words)

	Qwika - similar:Bar_(music)
		A mechanical wind-up metronome in motion A digital metronome set to pulse at four beats per measure at a tempo of 130 BPM A metronome is a device that produces a regulated pulse, usually used to keep a beat steady in musical compositions.
		Johann Mälzel copied several of Winkel's construction ideas and received th...
		Electro, also known as robot hip hop and electro funk, is an electronic style of hip hop directly influenced by Kraftwerk and funk records (unlike earlier rap records which were closer to disco).
	www.qwika.com /rels/Bar_(music) (1819 words)

	Perfect Diet - Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel of Amsterdam but was named after Johannes N. Maelzel who used and exploited Winkel's invention; i.e Metronome Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel later Maelzel in microphone London David Edward Hughes dietrich nikolaus winkel.
		Metronome Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel later Maelzel in microphone London David Edward Hughes by the Court Mechanic Johann Nepomuk M lzel ostensibly the inventor of the metronome The metronome was invented by Imperial diet of worms in Amsterdam in.
		Johann M lzel copied several of Winkel's construction ideas and received the patent for the portable metronome in.
	www.perfect-diet.org /dietrich-nikolaus-winkel.php (803 words)

	Beethoven Symphony No.7 on Record
		The seventh was premiered on December 8 1813 at a benefit concert for Austrian and Bavarian soldiers wounded at the Battle of Hanau in October of that year.
		The concert was organised by the Court Mechanic, Johann Nepomuk Mälzel, ostensibly the inventor of the metronome (although according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica it was actually invented by one Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel).
		In the orchestra, which Beethoven conducted, were Schuppanzigh, Romberg and Spohr among the violins, and Hummel and Meyerbeer (who was always late for his cues, causing some cursing by the composer) on the timpani.
	turing.cs.camosun.bc.ca:8080 /Beethoven/Symphony7 (543 words)

	Eduardo Coutinho : POLYMNIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		They describe to the performer the intended musical character, mood, or emotion, as an attribute of time, as for example, andante con molto sentimento, where andante represents the tempo marking, and con molto sentimento its emotional attribute.
		Before the invention of the metronome by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel in 1812, composers resorted to words to describe the tempo (the rate of speed) in a composition: Adagio (slowly), Andante (walking pace), Moderato (moderate tempo), Allegretto (not as fast as allegro), Allegro (quickly), Presto (fast).
		The metronome's invention provided a mechanical discretization of musical time by a user chosen value (beat-unit), represented in music scores as the rate of beats per minute (q = 120).
	cmr.soc.plymouth.ac.uk /ecoutinho/polymnia.html (1333 words)

	Metronome
		instrument for marking musical tempo, erroneously ascribed to the German Johann Nepomuk Maelzel (1772-1838) but actually invented by a Dutch competitor, Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel (c.1776-1826).
		It consists of a pendulum swung on a pivot and actuated by a hand-wound clockwork whose escapement (a motion-controlling device) makes a ticking sound as the wheel passes a pallet.
		The conventional metronome is housed in a pyramidal case.
	abel.hive.no /ctg/equipment/metronome.html (119 words)

	Decades History Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		His earliest recorded image, an 1825 print of a man leading a horse, sold for $443,220 in 2002.
		In Germany Johann Maelzel patented the metronome a couple of years after it was drawn up by Dutch inventor Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel.
		Saartjie Baartman (~27), taken from S. Africa in 1810, fell sick and died penniless and friendless in France after being exhibited as the “Hottentot Venus.” Her body was dissected, her brain and genitals were bottled, and her skeleton was wired and exhibited in the Musee de l’Homme in Paris.
	www.decades.com /ByDecade/1810-1819/10.htm (892 words)

	:: The Musician's Guide to Theory and Analysis ::
		With the invention of the metronome-a mechanical device that produces evenly spaced clicks at different speeds selected by the user-composers began to indicate the tempo precisely in beats per minute (for example, "quarter = 120" means 120 quarter notes per minute).
		One of the early metronomes was invented by Johannes N. Maelzel, after an earlier model by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel.
		Beethoven was one of the first prominent composers to use Maelzel's metronome and to promote its use by adding metronome settings to many of his pieces.
	www.wwnorton.com /web/musictheory/webfacts/ch02a.html (724 words)

	Peformance Practice - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Tempo terms in Bach's day indicate mood more often than a set pace; presto, for example, meant fast but not extremely fast as in Mozart's time.
		1812 by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel of Amsterdam, but was named after Johannes N. Maelzel who used and exploited Winkel's invention; i.e., metronome markings before 1830 are likely those of the editor and not the composer!
		The need for study and understanding of musical styles and performance practices is more pronounced as one moves backward through musical history; i.e., the older the music, the more likely one will approach it through practices of later styles and periods, thus becoming anachronistic.
	www.tsmp.org /choir/anderson/performance_practice_intro.html (445 words)

	Dummies::Keeping the Tempo of Music
		The problem with his invention, though, was that in order to work with beats as slow as 40 to 60 beats per minutes (bpm), the device had to be at least 6 feet tall!
		It wasn't until more than 100 years later that two German tinkerers, Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel and Johann Nepomuk Maelzel, worked independently to produce the spring-loaded design that is the basis for analog (non-electric) metronomes today.
		Maelzel was the first to slap a patent on the finished product, and as a result, his initial is attached to the standard 4:4 beat tempo sign, MM=120.
	www.dummies.com /WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-5107.html (510 words)

	Practicing With a Metronome
		A metronome is a device that produces a regulated pulse, and is used to establish a steady beat, or tempo, measured in beats per minute (BPM).
		Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel is credited with inventing this device in Amsterdam in 1812.
		Ludwig van Beethoven was the first major composer to use the metronome.
	ezinearticles.com /?Practicing-With-a-Metronome&id=574114 (854 words)

	Timeline Germany to 1820
		c1400-1500 Cardinal Nikolaus Cusanus, philosopher, founded a religious and charitable institution complete with vineyard at Kues, across from Bernkastel on the Mosel River.
		1802 Aug 13, Nikolaus Lenau, German poet (Faust, Die Albigenser), was born in Hungary.
		1816 In Germany Johann Maelzel patented the metronome a couple of years after it was drawn up by Dutch inventor Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel.
	timelines.ws /countries/GERM_TO_1820.HTML (12660 words)

	Rogers Yahoo! Hi-Speed Internet Answer Man Home
		The first "real" metronome was invented in 1812 by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel (1780-1826).
		He was the first to come up with the idea of a double-weighted pendulum, and created the first truly portable metronome.
		Johann Maelzel (1772-1838) claimed to be the inventor of the metronome, but it appears his "invention" was nothing more than an, er, "appropriation" of Winkel's design — though Maelzel was awarded the patent.
	yahoo.rogers.com /yahoo/answerman/index.jsp?id=am050608 (2376 words)

	Access to the top metronome resources \| Metronome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A digital metronome set to pulse at four beats per measure at a tempo of BPM The metronome was invented by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel in Amsterdam in Metronome Hospitality Group is a New York City based event planning company working exclusively with the three most electrifying venues in New York.
		Located in downtown Burlington VT Club Metronome is the only complete live music venue in town with a and "A" level DJ's; Club Metronome appeals to a variety of age MuseBook Metronome is a metronome running on your PC screen with additional TAP mode.
		Located in downtown Burlington VT Club Metronome is the only complete live music venue in town.
	www.matchconcealed.info /metronome (335 words)

	local dating services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Liberal Reef contrariis generally an advocate of economic liberalism and robertsonian of steep-sloped helminths.
		The jabbing sprawled invented by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel in Lubelski in 1812.
		Soon after, they cascaded their name to Grmek local dating services.
	pete-kuzak.theblogbargains.com /skytrak/local-dating-services.html (2682 words)

	The most popular metronome resources, immediately (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Count on us for all of the latest on the Metronome Xbox Game.
		No material may be used without permission A digital metronome set to pulse at four beats per measure at a tempo of BPM The metronome was invented by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel in Amsterdam in Welcome to the Metronome web catalogue.
		There is a whole host of new and diverse music to be We welcome to the Metronome label new performing artists in choral music Metronome Gameport AB.
	www.confidencenet.info /metronome/sitemap.php (350 words)

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