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Topic: Difaquane

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	Ficksburg \| Eastern Free State \| Home of the Cherry Festival \| History Of Ficksburg
		With magnificent views of the majestic Malutis as backdrop, changing with the seasons, from the purple haze of summer to the snow clad slopes in winter.
		Later came the Black man, with the difaquane and wars of extermination, and the Basotho nation was built up of the remnants of the tribes that had survived.
		The Batlokoas who originally were settled near Warden and Vrede became "displaced" after being attacked by the Zulus during the Difaquane or wars of retribution in the early 1820's.
	www.ficksburg.org.za /history.php (1139 words)

	Shaka
		The increased military efficiency led to more and more clans being incorporated into Shaka's Zulu empire, while other tribes moved away to be out of range of Shaka's impis.
		The ripple effect caused by these mass migrations, known as the difaquane, had effects as far away as present-day Zimbabwe, where local Ndebele people can claim their descent to refugees from Shaka's state-sponsored terror.
		The demoralised state of many such refugee clans undoubtedly made them easy for both the British and the Voortrekkers to subjugate, and thus indirectly advanced the cause of colonialism.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/s/sh/shaka.html (220 words)

	Shaka ca 1787 1828 changed the Zulu tribe...
		Zwide was defeated, the Zulu raced to the Ndwandwe royal kraal, sang their victory songs, and took the Ndwandwe by suprise.
		Difaquane - The Scattering The increased military efficiency led to more and more clans being incorporated into Shaka's Zulu empire, while other tribes moved away to be out of range of Shaka's impis.
		The ripple effect caused by these mass migrations, known as the "Mfecane", had effects as far away as present-day Zimbabwe, where local Ndebele people can claim their descent from Mzilikazi, one of Shaka's generals who returned insufficient tribute to Shaka while he was on expedition.
	www.geodatabase.de /Shaka (1422 words)

	Wikipedia: Pretoria
		They named the river after one of their chiefs, Tshwane (from the Ndebele word for 'little ape'), which became translated in Afrikaans to 'Apies'.
		During the difaquane in Natal, another band of refugees arrived in this area under the leadership of Mzilikazi.
		However, they were forced to abandon their villages in their flight from a regiment of Zulu raiders in 1832.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/p/pr/pretoria.html (527 words)

	Shaka ca 1787 1787 1828 1828 changed the Zulu Zulu...
		Zwide was defeated, the Zulu raced to the Ndwandwe Ndwandwe royal kraal, sang their victory songs, and took the Ndwandwe by suprise.
		Difaquane Difaquane - The Scattering The increased military efficiency led to more and more clans being incorporated into Shaka's Zulu empire, while other tribes moved away to be out of range of Shaka's impi impis.
		The ripple effect caused by these mass migrations, known as the "Mfecane Mfecane", had effects as far away as present-day Zimbabwe Zimbabwe, where local Ndebele Ndebele people can claim their descent from Mzilikazi Mzilikazi, one of Shaka's generals who returned insufficient tribute to Shaka while he was on expedition.
	www.biodatabase.de /Shaka (1511 words)

	Mpumalanga Tourism Authority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Archaeologists are beginning to restore this forgotten history at places such as Legoya near Ermelo, where an virtually intact town of 90 corbelled huts built from rock have been discovered.
		The settlement, which appears to have been abandoned during the bloody Difaquane wars 250 years ago, covers a four hectare mesa, near picturesque streams, a waterfall and forests.
		The unique site, considered the largest and best preserved of its kind in southern Africa, is accessible to intrepid travellers.
	www.mpumalanga.com /what_to_do/what_to_do.asp?id=built_features&DID=3 (424 words)

	Blithe Spirit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		And in the 1820s the effects of the Difaquane rippled through to Zambia with Matabele (Ndebele) migrants entering western Zimbabwe and threatening the Makololo people, who then moved into southern Zambia displacing the Tonga people.
		Dingaan viewed the Europeans with suspicion - their ways were alien to Zulu tribal life; they tended to want more land for their individual farms than was necessary; and thus because they had things like medicine and guns which he could not explain, he called them wizards.
		The Difaquane or Mfeqane, or Difacane, (forced migration or 'crushing') was a time of immense upheaval and suffering among the tribes of southern Africa.
	www.beepworld.de /members45/poetryrose/tribes.htm (7743 words)

	The History of Botswana
		From 1750 onwards, the whole of Southern Africa was in turmoil as war, trading and slaving spread inland from the coasts.
		Shaka, the famous Zulu chieftain, was one of the main initiators of the wars, which became known as the Mfecane (or 'the crushing') by the Ngoni people, and as the Difaquane ('the scattering') by the Tswana people.
		This remarkable dynasty begins with the rule of Khama the Great, who had been converted to Christianity by David Livingstone.
	www.go2africa.com /botswana/people/history.asp (873 words)

	The Difaquane Wars - Botswana Travel Guide
		Paramount amongst the aggressors in these wars was an ambitious Zulu leader named Shaka, who controlled a large slice of Natal by around 1810.
		The Ngoni people, which includes the Zulu nation, refer to the wars which Shaka initiated as the Mfecane, or ‘the crushing.’ However, the Tswana people, who were amongst the victims of Shaka’s wars of expansion, refer to them as the Difaquane, which means ‘the scattering.’ Because they scattered, so they dispersed others.
		A good explanation of this period is covered in John Reader’s excellent Africa (see Further Reading).
	www.botswana-travel-guide.com /bradt_guide.asp?bradt=22 (423 words)

	More immigrants - Botswana Travel Guide
		Many of the tribes roamed over the whole of southern Africa, before various colonial authorities imposed artificial country borders in order to carve out territories for themselves.
		This situation was complicated more recently by the prolonged and horrifically bloody tribal wars of the 19th century, known to historians as the Difaquane Wars.
		This text is an edited section of Botswana Travel Guide, written by Chris McIntyre of Expert Africa, and published by Bradt Travel Guides.
	www.botswana-travel-guide.com /bradt_guide.asp?bradt=21 (325 words)

	Poespas: Lest We Forget
		The independence minded Boers packed up their belongings and headed north - into what today is known as the Orange Free State, Transvaal and into Natal.
		Although there were scattered Nguni speaking peoples living in these territories, particularly in Natal where the Zulus held sway, large parts of these territories were vacant, having been decimated by the Difaquane, or inter tribal wars said to have originated with the Zulu King Shaka.
		The first Boer movement into Natal attempted to negotiate land from the Zulu King, Dingaan.
	www.poespas.co.za /blog/article.php?story=20060601064340849&mode=print (5774 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The independence minded Boers packed up their belongings and headed north - into what today is known as the Orange Free State, Transvaal and into Natal.
		Although there were scattered Nguni speaking peoples living in these territories, particularly in Natal where the Zulus held sway, large parts of these territories were vacant, having been decimated by the Difaquane, or inter tribal wars said to have originated with the Zulu King Shaka.
		The first Boer movement into Natal attempted to negotiate land from the Zulu King, Dingaan.
	www.afrikanercharity.org /1 (5106 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page : Z/ZU/ZUL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The film is essentially of the Western movie genre, but located in South Afri..
		Zulu Civil War Date 1818 Place Zululand, South Africa Result Zulu victory, Difaquane Combatants Zulu Nation Ndwandwe Commanders Shaka Zulu Zwide Strength ?
		Zulu Civil War or Ndwandwe-Zulu War in 1817-19 was a war fought between expanding Zulu kindom and Ndwandwe tri..
	wikien.info /browse.php?title=Z/ZU/ZUL (890 words)

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