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Topic: Differences in official languages in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia

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Croatian language

Bosnian language

Shtokavian dialect

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Description of standard Serbian language

Montenegrin language

Slavic languages

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	serbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Serbia did not exist as a state of that name but was, rather, the region inhabited by the Serbs; its kings and tsars were called the "King of the Serbs" or "Tsar of the Serbs", not "King of Serbia" or "Tsar of Serbia".
		Serbia reached its golden age under the House of Nemanjic, with the Serbian state reaching its apogee of power in the reign of Tsar Stefan Dusan.
		Serbia was occupied by the Germans, while in Bosnia and Croatia they were put under the rule of the Italians and the fascist Ustase regime in the Independent State of Croatia.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Serbs.html (3152 words)

	Serbo-Croatian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Serbo-Croatian was one of the official languages of Yugoslavia (along with Slovenian and Macedonian).
		Mutually intelligible forms of it continue to be used under different names and standards in today’s Serbia and Montenegro, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and are still reasonably well understood in Macedonia and Slovenia.
		Stress differs across local dialects and even across idiolects; it is the primary distinguishing feature by which a trained ear recognizes the origin of a speaker (even without knowing about underlying stress theory).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language (3107 words)

	Bosnian_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The language is notably spoken in the areas of Bosnia, the Bosniak-dominated region of SandÅ¾ak (in Serbia and Montenegro) and elsewhere.
		It is important to observe that the Dayton Peace Accord officially recognizes and specifies the Bosnian language as a distinct language spoken in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Bosniaks.
		This distinction and official recognition of the Bosnian language is further acknowledged by signatures of the former presidents of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Alija IzetbegoviÄ), Croatia (Franjo TuÄ‘man) and Serbia (Slobodan MiloÅ¡eviÄ).
	language.school-explorer.com /Bosnian (1418 words)

	Nationalism and Language (by Bozidar Jaksic)
		Contrary to many European countries where language was the basis for constituting modern nations as political communities, in the part of the Balkans inhabited by intermingled Serbs, Croats and Muslim Bosniaks, membership in different religions and confessions was the basis for national division.
		If language, transformed into a language of hate, served war preparations and propaganda, the unified linguistic tissue of the Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian language was systematically destroyed before and during the war.
		Therefore it is necessary to put it clearly: the pursuit of the purity of the national language is a relapse of the criminal policy of the so-called ethnic cleansing.
	users.volja.net /romag/pub/Nationalism-and-Language.html (2923 words)

	CROATIAN LANGUAGE FACTS AND INFORMATION
		In Communist Yugoslavia, Serbian language and terminology were "official" in a few areas: the military, diplomacy, Federal Yugoslav institutions (various institutes and research centres), state media and jurisprudence at the Yugoslav level; also, the language in Bosnia and Herzegovina was gradually Serbianized in all levels of educational system and the republic's administration.
		Croatian language is today the official language of the Republic of Croatia and, along with Bosnian and Serbian, one of three official languages of Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.
		The current rules of the language are generally laid out in the grammar books and dictionaries used in education facilities, such as the school curriculum prescribed by the Ministry of Education and the university programmes of the Faculty of Philosophy at the four main universities.
	www.bellabuds.com /Croatian_language (3591 words)

	SERBIAN LANGUAGE ALTERNATE GENIE SEARCH ENGINE, INC
		The Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Å tokavian dialect (former standard was known as Serbo-Croatian language).
		This is due to historical reasons, as part of population speaking the language was under the western (newer) influence of Austria-Hungary and the remainder under the eastern (older) influence of the Byzantine_Empire; all educated people are familiar with both alphabets.
		In the mid-15th_century, Serbia was conquered by the Ottoman_Empire and, for the next 400 years there was no opportunity for the creation of secular written literature.
	www.agseinc.com /Serbian_language (846 words)

	Serbo-Croatian
		It continues to be used under different names/standards in today's Serbia and Montenegro, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is still reasonably well understood in FYR Macedonia and Slovenia.
		The language is also spoken by Serbian and Croatian minorities in Austria, Hungary, Albania, Italy, Romania and elsewhere.
		The constitution of the Republic of Serbia from 1990 (before the breakup of Yugoslavia), which is still in force, specifies that the official language is Serbo-Croatian.
	www.tuxedo-shop.com /search.php?title=Serbo-Croatian (2651 words)

	Serbian_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora.
		It counts among official (and minority) languages of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, Romania, Republic of Macedonia and Hungary.
		The Ekavian variant is spoken mostly in Serbia and Ijekavian in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, south-western Serbia, and Croatia.
	language.school-explorer.com /Serbian (3735 words)

	Serbo-Croatian language resources
		This language is spoken in Italy, not in Balkans.
		Serbian is used primarily in Serbia and Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and by Serbs...
		Mutually intelligible forms of it continue to be used under different names and standards in today’s Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and are still reasonably well understood in Macedonia and Slovenia.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Serbo-Croatian.html (1298 words)

	Serb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Serbia was then ruled mostly by the House of Vlastimirovic which, under Caslav Klonimirovic managed to unite these lands into a confederacy by the early 10th century.The first certain data on the state of the Serboi, Serbia, dates to the 9th century.
		Serbia reached its golden age under the House of Nemanjic, with the Serbian state reaching its apogee of power in the reign of Tsar Stefan Uros Dusan.
		Serbia was occupied by the Germans, while in Bosnia and Croatia Serbs were put under the rule of the Italians and the fascist Ustase regime in the Independent State of Croatia.
	www.usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=Serb (4287 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Serbs (in the Serbian language Срби, Srbi) are a south Slavic people living chiefly in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
		Large Serb populations also live in Croatia (largely in the entity that during the 1990s constituted the internationally unrecognized Republic of Serbian Krajina) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (where they are a constituent nation), principally in the Republika Srpska, one of the country's two entities.
		Though they were eventually victorious, the war devastated Serbia and killed a huge proportion of its population – by some estimates, over the half of the male Serbian population died in the conflict, influencing the region's demographics to this day.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Serb (3485 words)

	Bosnia and Herzegovina
		Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia and Montenegro have delimited most of their boundary, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute; discussions continue with Croatia on several small disputed sections of the boundary.
		Bosnia and Herzegovina were annexed to Serbia as part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes on Oct. 26, 1918.
		Bosnia and Herzegovina: Economy - Economy Never particularly robust, Bosnia and Herzegovina's economy was shattered by the civil war...
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107349.html (1642 words)

	Croatia - Atlapedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is bound by Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast and the Adriatic Sea to the west and southwest.
		LANGUAGES: The official language is Croatian with a Latin alphabet.
		On Jan. 15, 1992 Croatia was officially recognized by the EU followed by the US on Apr. 15, 1992 and Croatia was officially admitted to the UN on May 22, 1992.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/croatia.htm (1500 words)

	Slavic_languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia.
		Western subgroup composed of Slovenian from Slovenia, Serbian (Serbia and Montenegro), Bosnian (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Croatian (Croatia).
		Similarly, in the Republic of Dubrovnik Croatian became an official language in parallel to Ragusan Dalmatian and Latin.
	www.usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=Slavic_languages (1635 words)

	SHTOKAVIAN DIALECT FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Å¡tokavian dialect is spoken in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia_and_Hercegovina, and the greater part of Croatia.
		However, it must be stressed that standard languages, irrespectively of their mutual differences, have been stylised in such manners that parts of the neo-Å¡tokavian dialect have been retained — for instance, declension — but other features were purposely omitted or altered — for instance, the phoneme "h" was re-instated in standard languages.
		Croatian language has had the longest tradition of Å¡tokavian vernacular literacy and literature, but due to the influence of other Croatian dialects, Äakavian and kajkavian, it took almost 4 and half centuries for Å¡tokavian to prevail as the dialectal basis for Croatian standard.
	www.amysflowershop.com /Shtokavian_dialect (1818 words)

	SERBO-CROATIAN LANGUAGE FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Mutually intelligible forms of it continue to be used under different names and standards in todayâs Serbia_and_Montenegro, Croatia, and Bosnia_and_Herzegovina, and are still reasonably well understood in Macedonia and Slovenia.
		In this article, apart from linguistic and politic issues, common properties of all "descendent" languages (Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian) are described; for differences, see _Differences_in_official_languages_in_Serbia,_Croatia_and_Bosnia.
		The variants of a supposedly single language functioned in practice as different standard_languages.
	www.gottaorderflowers.com /Serbo-Croatian_language (3234 words)

	[No title]
		The languages from the Western subgroup are spoken in Slovenia,
		Within the individual Slavic languages, dialects may vary to a lesser degree, as in Russian, or to a much greater degree, as in Slovenian.
		Slovio also exists: constructed on the basis of Slavic languages, and intended to facilitate intercommunication between people who already speak at least one Slavic language.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Slavic_language (860 words)

	Serbian Dialects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		They are also characteristic of the Bulgarian language, and appear even in eastern and southern Serbian dialects.
		The language is also spoken by Serbian and Croatian minorities in Austria, Hungary, Albania, Italy, Romania and...
		Differences in official languages in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia - Wiki
	www.freeserbia.org /serbian-dialects.html (255 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		They form a distinct group of Indo-European languages, with speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia.
		Some linguists maintain however, that the Slavic group of languages differs more radically from the neighboring Baltic group (Lithuanian, Latvian, and the now-extinct Old Prussian).
		A planned language called Slovio also exists: constructed on the basis of Slavic languages, and intended to facilitate intercommunication between people who already speak at least one Slavic language.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Slavic_languages (952 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 - Notes and Definitions
		This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the richest.
		The entry thus is the difference between new inflows and repayments.
		This entry provides the official value of a country's monetary unit at a given date or over a given period of time, as expressed in units of local currency per US dollar and as determined by international market forces or official fiat.
	www.brainyatlas.com /docs/notesanddefs.html (8880 words)

	common phrases in different languages
		It is possible for tourists in a country whose language they do not understand to get along with a surprisingly short list of phrases, combined with pointing, miming, and writing down numbers on paper.
		The language family of every language is listed in parentheses.
		There is no generic word for "Hello" in the language, rather there are numerous options depending on the relative ages and/or race of the people involved, as well as singular and plural forms.
	www.fact-library.com /common_phrases_in_different_languages.html (2907 words)

	SERBS FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Large Serb populations also live in Croatia (largely in the entity that during the 1990s constituted the internationally unrecognized Republic_of_Serbian_Krajina) and Bosnia_and_Herzegovina (where they are a constituent nation), principally in the Republika_Srpska, one of the country's two entities.
		While the Serbian identity is to some extent linguistic, apart from the Cyrillic_alphabet which they use along with Latin alphabet, the language is very similar to the standard Croatian (see Differences_in_official_languages_in_Serbia,_Croatia_and_Bosnia) and many linguists consider it part of a common Serbo-Croatian_language.
		Serbia was occupied by the Germans, while in Bosnia and Croatia Serbs were put under the rule of the Italians and the fascist Ustase regime in the Independent_State_of_Croatia.
	www.witwib.com /en:Serbs#History (4415 words)

	Differences in official languages in Serbia, Croatia... - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Differences_in_official_languages_in_Serbia,_Croatia... (43 words)

	Serb World Encyclopedia, India encyclopedia, Featured Articles, Cover Stories, World wide Informations @ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Serbs constitute about 70% of the population of Serbia and Montenegro, 6.6 million.
		Latin authors, who are the first to mention the name, call them "Servi" or "Servoi," which means "slaves" or "serfs." This name probably dates from the time when the Romans conquered Thrace and Illyria.
		Geopolitical space of Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, the main areas inhabited by Serbs
	www.mirchigold.com /index.php?title=Serb (4614 words)

	Croatia Serbia Fudbal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Directory spania europe yugo ex yu slovenia croatia serbia monenegro macedonia bulgaria...
		Over $80,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August.
		Yu Sport Cafe, CG FIFA 2001 CROATIA League BICIKL, Cro Iverson...
	www.freeserbia.org /croatia-serbia-fudbal.html (185 words)

	Languages by Countries
		Hindi (official), English (official), Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese, Sanskrit, Sindhi (all recognized by the constitution).
		English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama
		David Gloss, valedictorian of the class of 2001 at Valley Forge Military Academy, works with new students from foreign countries at the school's English Language Institute in Wayne, Pennsylvania.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0855611.html (1221 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Because of the great differences in per capita income (from $10,000 to $28,000) and historic national animosities, the European Community faces difficulties in devising and enforcing common policies.
		The five-nation Eurocorps - created in 1992 by France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Luxembourg - has already deployed troops and police on peacekeeping missions to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo and assumed command of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan in August 2004.
		Other troop contributions are under national command - committments to provide 67,100 troops were made at the Helsinki EU session in 2000.
	www.phatnav.com /factbook/geos/ee.html (1961 words)

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