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Topic: Differential

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	Howstuffworks "How Differentials Work"
		In this article, you'll learn why your car needs a differential, how it works and what its shortcomings are.
		If your car did not have a differential, the wheels would have to be locked together, forced to spin at the same speed.
		BMW 325 differential bearing manufactured by SKF for 1987-1988 BMW 325 E30 BMW 325.
	auto.howstuffworks.com /differential.htm (511 words)

	Differential backup
		The advantage of a differential backup is that it shortens restore time compared to a full backup or an incremental backup.
		Restoring a differential backup is a faster process than restoring an incremental backup because only two backup container files are needed: the latest full backup and the latest differential.
		The downside is if you run multiple differential backups after your full backup, you're probably including some files in each differential backup that were already included in earlier differential backups, but haven't been recently modified.
	www.backup4all.com /differential-backup.php (557 words)

	Differential equation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation in which the derivatives of a function appear as variables.
		Differential equations have many applications in physics and chemistry, and are widespread in mathematical models explaining biological, social, and economic phenomena.
		The study of differential equations is a wide field in both pure and applied mathematics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Differential_equations (239 words)

	CSDC : Why Differential Forms? Functional Substitution and PullBack
		Given a differential form in terms of the variables and their differentials (say x and dx) on the final state (target of the map), the differential form is well defined functionally in terms of the variables (say y and dy) on the initial state (domain of the map).
		Construct a differential form on (meaning in terms of the variables of x, dx) the final state, and then by functional substitution and use of the Jacobian map construct the well defined functional form of the differential form on the initial state (in terms of y and dy).
		The reciprocal process (Predictive determinism) fails, where given the differential form on the initial state in terms of y and dy, it is impossible to predict (define) the differential form on the final state in terms of x and dx, unless the inverse map and the inverse Jacobian exist.
	www22.pair.com /csdc/ed3/ed3fre1.htm (988 words)

	2.972 How A Differential Works
		A car differential is placed halfway between the driving wheels, on either the front, rear, or both axes (depending on whether it’s a front-, rear-, or 4-wheel-drive car).
		In rear-wheel drive cars, the differential converts rotational motion of the transmission shaft which lies parallel to the car’s motion to rotational motion of the half-shafts (on the ends of which are the wheels), which lie perpendicular to the car’s motion.
		Thus, a locking mechanism, or "limited slip differential" allows one wheel to slip or spin freely while some torque is delivered to the other wheel (hopefully on dry land!).
	web.mit.edu /2.972/www/reports/differential/differential.html (652 words)

	Differential Routing
		It has been suggested that routing differential pairs as overlapping signal traces on adjacent layers is superior to routing them as adjacent traces on the same layer.
		The receiver of a differential signal therefore does not need to rely on its own built-in reference, which could be corrupted by ground bounce voltages internal to the receiving device.
		The radiation from one trace of a differential pair is cancelled by the radiation from the adjacent trace, resulting in a marked reduction in emissions.
	www.sigcon.com /Pubs/news/2_30.htm (1152 words)

	Torsen differential white paper (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With the Torsen differential, Gleason is meeting this challenge of improving traction management in both front and rear wheel drive vehicles, all-wheel drive vehicles, and in a variety of applications of the various drives for use in cars, trucks, military vehicles, construction and utility vehicles, and racing cars.
		Differentiation is necessary to accommodate different rotational speeds between drive axles due to vehicle turning situations and variations in tire rolling radii.
		The Torsen differential resists transfers of torque between drive wheels in proportion to the torque applied to the differential housing, and this results in a larger proportion of the applied torque being delivered to the slower rotating drive wheel.
	www.sonic.net /garyg/zonc/TechnicalInformation/TorsenDifferential.html (4065 words)

	Differential Equations
		A differential equation is an algebraic relation between variables that includes the rates of change of the variables as well as their instantaneous values.
		This may give the false impression that differential equations surrender easily to general methods, or that these special methods are applicable to a wider variety of equations.
		Differential equations are so hard to solve because they give rise to a large number of special functions, and are not limited to the familiar elementary functions.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/math/newdiff.htm (2708 words)

	530 Hardship Differential Applicable to Post
		Hardship differential may continue when the primary purpose of the travel to the U.S. is for detail or medical evacuation and an eligible family member remains at the post in both instances.
		The hardship differential for an employee on detail to another differential post may continue at the rate prescribed for his/her post for the first 42 consecutive calendar days of his/her temporary absence from the post except as otherwise provided in Sections 532 and 552.
		Hardship differential will not be paid for any periods of travel in the US including official travel of fourteen days or less unless the detail is to a footnote ‘n’ post (see Section 541a).
	www.state.gov /m/a/als/1758.htm (608 words)

	Differential Diagnosis of PD and Parkinsonism Plus Syndromes
		In the absence of a specific biologic marker for Parkinson's disease, the differentiation of Parkinson's disease from other parkinsonian disorders rests on clinicopathologic criteria that have yet to be rigorously tested and validated.
		Until parkinsonian subgroups can be differentiated either by disease-specific histologic criteria or laboratory tests, the most practical method for separating the different parkinsonian disorders still has to depend largely on previously described clinicopathologic correlations.
		Although it is difficult to clearly differentiate the three types of MSA by clinical and even pathologic criteria, it is well accepted that MSA represents a disorder or a group of disorders distinct from Parkinson's disease.
	www.parkinsons-information-exchange-network-online.com /archive/091.html (4748 words)

	Differential Equations
		The boundary conditions on a differential equation are the constraining values of the function at some particular value of the independent variable.
		If a solution to a differential equation is found which satisfies all the boundary conditions, then it is the only solution to that equation - this is called the uniqueness theorem.
		For the differential equations applicable to physical problems, it is often possible to start with a general form and force that form to fit the physical boundary conditions of the problem.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/diff.html (795 words)

	34: Ordinary differential equations
		Ordinary differential equations are equations to be solved in which the unknown element is a function, rather than a number, and in which the known information relates that function to its derivatives.
		The solutions to many classic differential equations, particularly linear second-order differential equations, cannot be expressed in terms of the elementary functions but are themselves studied in 33: Special Functions.
		Numerical solutions of differential equations is a branch of Numerical Analysis.
	www.math.niu.edu /~rusin/known-math/index/34-XX.html (771 words)

	Modules for Differential Equations
		Purpose: To explore the applicability of a linear differential equation as a model for the process of sprinting, and to illustrate the importance of parameters in modeling.
		Prerequisites: The Spring Motion module and knowledge of the symbolic form of solutions of differential equations of the form y" + ay' + by = f(t), where f is a sine or cosine function.
		Purpose: To explore the phase plane for a second-order nonlinear differential equation, specifically the standard model for damped and undamped pendulums.
	www.math.duke.edu /education/ccp/resources/teach/diffeq.html (542 words)

	Semantics of Differntial Equations (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Differential equations are equations that relate a function f to its derivatives.
		A differential equation is called homogenous if every term in it depends on the unknown function or its derivatives.
		If a nonlinear differential equation can be expressed as a polynomial of the unknownfunction and its derivatives, then the degree of this differential equation is the highest power of this polynomial.
	www.physics.orst.edu /~rubin/nacphy/ComPhys/DIFFEQ/EXT/class/class.html (258 words)

	Automobile Differential Gears
		When the car is moving in a straight line, the differential gears do not rotate with respect to their axes.
		One problem with an automotive differential is that if one wheel is held stationary, the counterpart wheel turns at twice its normal speed as can be seen by examining the complete scheme of automobile differential.
		The gear train in an automobile differential is a common application of gears, but often misunderstood by the lay public.
	www.efunda.com /DesignStandards/gears/gears_auto_diff.cfm (581 words)

	First Monday: Differential Pricing and Efficiency
		It follows that differential pricing can generally be expected to contribute to economic efficiency [2].
		Differential pricing gives the producer an incentive to supply the product to everyone who is willing to pay the incremental cost of production.
		If differential pricing is feasible, the producer would set a price of $12 for customer A and $5 for customer B. Each customer would be serviced and the supplier would be able to cover its fixed costs.
	firstmonday.org /issues/issue2/different/index.html (6197 words)

	The Differential Analyser Explained
		The mechanical Differential Analyser has intrigued mathematically minded Meccanomen for many years, ever since this machine was first modelled, largely in Meccano, by Douglas Hartree and Arthur Porter at Manchester University in 1934.
		Many full scale non-Meccano Differential Analysers were built in USA, UK and Europe between 1934 and the early 1950s, until they were eventually replaced by faster digital computers.
		Adding units consist of a differential gear system so arranged that the angular rotation of one shaft connected to it is the sum of the angular rotation of two other shafts.
	www.dalefield.com /nzfmm/magazine/Differential_Analyser.html (1785 words)

	Why not differential backups?
		There are variants on the theme; for example the differential may include all files that have changed since the last full backup rather than just those that have changed since the last differential.
		So any style of differential backup is still likely to be more data than you want- the OS files are often a puny and insignificant part of your data set.
		Differentials give more redundancy than Incrementals to the changing data, but often have no or limited redundancy for the full backup.
	aplawrence.com /Unixart/diffback.html (1592 words)

	Post (Hardship) Differential Allowance (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The 42 day eligibility period may be broken by periods of time in non-differential posts with one major exception: Any time spent in the US that is not primarily for official travel at the convenience of the government will “reset” the clock and require the 42 day eligibility period to restart.
		A stay of longer than 24 hours, however, could stop the differential; the differential would not restart until the employee again meets the eligibility criteria for "commencement" of differential.
		Differential is paid starting with day 43 (unless employee is at a footnote 'N' post in which case differential is paid from day 1 of detail after eligibility has been established).
	www.state.gov /m/a/als/faq/1828.htm (1678 words)

	Shift Differential Pay
		A weekend shift salary differential not to exceed 5 percent of the monthly pay rate may be paid to persons who work weekend shifts.
		A weekend differential not to exceed 5 percent of the monthly pay rate may be paid to nurses who work weekend shifts.
		This weekend differential may be paid in addition to the evening shift or night shift salary differential.
	www.hr.state.tx.us /Compensation/shiftdifferential.html?print=yes (227 words)

	Lotka-Volterra Predator-Prey Model
		The only change is that in the differential equation case it is a good idea to use small time steps rather than the time step of 1 typically used in difference equation models.
		The common way of indicating a differential equation is to place the derivative symbol to the left of an equal sign and the formula for the derivative to the right.
		Consequently, the right hand side of the differential equation is precisely the formula that should appear in the flow in the Stella model.
	www.stolaf.edu /people/mckelvey/envision.dir/lotka-volt.html (1403 words)

	Shift Differential
		The shift differential policy permits payment of a differential (extra pay) to non-exempt employees who are assigned to second and third shifts (off-shifts).
		The differential pay rate applies to all hours worked, including any overtime, even though part of the work is performed during another shift.
		The differential is only applied to the shift hours reported; the rate is not paid for any absence hours unless specifically stated.
	www.usu.edu /hr/policies/380.htm (375 words)

	Introduction to Differential Equations, part 5
		Such differential equations are said to be separable.
		Below is a slope field for this differential equation with this particular solution displayed.
		Note that this is our rumor-spreading differential equation from Part 1 with k and M both set equal to 2.
	www.math.duke.edu /education/ccp/materials/postcalc/ode/ode5.html (876 words)

	Differential Equations
		Differential equations provide the medium for the interaction between mathematics (especially calculus) and various branches of science and engineering.
		Differential equations come in all levels of complexity and even today there is active mathematical research in differential equations.
		In general, a differential equation gives a relationship between (among) a function (or functions) and its (their) derivatives (of various orders).
	dept.physics.upenn.edu /courses/gladney/mathphys/java/sect2/subsubsection2_1_1_4.html (673 words)

	Differential Display
		The course of normal cellular development as well as pathological changes that arise in diseases such as cancer are all believed to be driven by changes in gene expression.
		A pressing problem is to identify and characterize those genes that are differentially expressed in order to understand the molecular nature of disease state and subsequently, to devise rational therapies.
		Differential Display was invented in 1992 by Drs.
	www.animalgenome.org /edu/newtech/ddpcr.html (139 words)

	:: Oasis Differential Covers ::
		Oasis Differential Covers (ODC) provide your hard working service and/or recreational vehicle with increased lubrication and cooling capacity.
		Oasis Differential Covers gives increased oil capacity and allows for oil changes to be made without removing the cover.
		Magnetic drain plugs are provided to catch worn gear materials, which enables fluid to keep its integrity, hardware is also provided so installation can be done worry free.
	www.oasisdifferentialcovers.com (127 words)

	Differential Media - Main Page
		There are quite a few differential media that depend on pH-related reactions for the interpretation of their results, and the general principles that apply to these media are discussed below.
		A good example of a useful differential medium in which we can "take advantage" of acidic and alkaline reactions that may over-neutralize each other is Kligler Iron Agar* (KIA) – a medium that is introduced in the Bact.
		In question no. 1, one is asked to formulate a plating medium for the isolation of organisms from a natural source that will make colonies of a certain desired organism look a distinctive way, while virtually all other organisms (if they can grow and produce colonies on the medium) appear differently.
	www.jlindquist.net /generalmicro/102diff.html (1181 words)

	Differential - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A differential can mean one of several things:
		Differential signaling is used to carry high speed digital signals.
		This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Differential (83 words)

	Differential Equations (Math 3401) - Second Order DE's - Basic Concepts
		In this chapter we will be looking exclusively at linear second order differential equations. The most general linear second order differential equation is in the form.
		Up to this point we’ve only looked at a single differential equation and we got its solution by inspection. For a rare few differential equations we can do this. However, for the vast majority of the second order differential equations out there we will be unable to do this.
		This is the same differential equation that we looked at in the first example. This time however, let’s not just guess. Let’s go through the process as out lined above to see the functions that we guess above are the same as the functions the process gives us.
	tutorial.math.lamar.edu /AllBrowsers/3401/SecondOrderConcepts.asp (1203 words)

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