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Topic: Differential rotation

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	Rotation period - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Typically, the stated rotation period for a gas giant (ie, Jupiter) is the internal rotation period, as determined from the rotation of the planet's magnetic field.
		This is because, although the rotation axis is fixed in space (by the conservation of angular momentum), it is not necessarily fixed in the body of the object itself.
		Hyperion, a satellite of Saturn, exhibits this behaviour, and its rotation period is described as chaotic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rotation_period (311 words)

	* Differential Rotation - (Astronomy): Definition
		Differential Rotation - Rotation in which the rotation period of a body varies with latitude.
		The rotation of a body such as a gaseous planet or the Sun so that different parts are rotating at different speeds.
		The Sun rotates faster at the equator than it does at the poles This is known as differential rotation.
	en.mimi.hu /astronomy/differential_rotation.html (596 words)

	differential rotation concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Of a single body (such as the Sun or a gaseous planet), the axial rotation of equatorial latitudes faster than polar latitudes.
		galactic rotation (3 facts) - The revolving of a galaxy round its central nucleus even as it continues its proper motion.
		Such rotation, however, is not uniform but differential.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/differentialrotation.html (157 words)

	Liquid Dynamo Experiment - Beckley/Colgate: Results
		Since the differential angle is negative relative to the rotation of the frame, a positive differential angle corresponds to a negative frame angle.
		Here the differential rotation angle of the pulsed jet is measured (+π/2 radians) relative to the radial from the axis to the center of mass of the bubbles outlining the jet.
		This greater angular rotation is presumed to be due to the entrainment with the differential rotation of the background flow.
	www.physics.nmt.edu /~dynamo/PJRX/Results.html (2334 words)

	5.5 Differential rotation
		Differential rotation of stars plays an important role in the generation of magnetic fields in the convection zone.
		This sample revealed a clear dependence of the rotational shear on spectral class, indicating the differential rotation to be negligible in M dwarfs and very strong in G dwarfs.
		An interesting finding though is that the differential rotation is different when estimated from cool spots or magnetic regions, and that it undergoes temporal fluctuations on time-scales of one to a few years (Donati et al.
	solarphysics.livingreviews.org /Articles/lrsp-2005-8/articlesu24.html (721 words)

	Differential rotation of late-type stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Differential rotation has been observed for a number of low-mass main sequence and pre-main sequence stars.
		We present a model for the rotation of these stars based on the mean field theory of angular momentum transport and the results of simulations of rotating convection.
		The dependence on the rotation rate turns out to be weak, with the maximum shear at rotation periods close to the convective turnover time.
	www.hs.uni-hamburg.de /cs13/abstract61.html (171 words)

	Differential rotation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Differential rotation is seen if parts of a rotating object move with different angular velocity.
		(to put it short and non-scientific, parts at different distances from the rotation axis make a different number of rounds at a given time interval).
		Usually galaxies and protostars show differential rotation; also the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn show differential rotation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Differential_rotation (113 words)

	Electronically controlled limited slip differential assembly - Patent 6398686
		The differential assembly as defined in claim 1, further including a separation plate fixed to said differential case and disposed intermediate to one of said side gears and said friction clutch assembly, said separation plate is spaced from said side gear and frictionally engages said friction plates.
		The differential assembly in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a rotatable differential case forming housing a differential gearing rotatably supported in the case.
		Thus, in the differential assembly in accordance with the present invention, the friction clutch assembly 32 is confined in a space between the thrust collar 40 and the separation plate 50.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6398686.html (4057 words)

	Torsen differential white paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With the Torsen differential, Gleason is meeting this challenge of improving traction management in both front and rear wheel drive vehicles, all-wheel drive vehicles, and in a variety of applications of the various drives for use in cars, trucks, military vehicles, construction and utility vehicles, and racing cars.
		Differentiation is necessary to accommodate different rotational speeds between drive axles due to vehicle turning situations and variations in tire rolling radii.
		The Torsen differential resists transfers of torque between drive wheels in proportion to the torque applied to the differential housing, and this results in a larger proportion of the applied torque being delivered to the slower rotating drive wheel.
	www.sonic.net /garyg/zonc/TechnicalInformation/TorsenDifferential.html (4065 words)

	Solar Interior (SI)
		Watson (1981, GAFD, 16, 285) demonstrated that the observed differential rotation in the solar photosphere is marginally unstable to 2D (longitude-latitude) velocity disturbances.
		Spiegel and Zahn (1992, AandA, 265, 106) argued that the 2D instability of the differential rotation in the tachocline caused the angular momentum contained therein to be mixed in latitude.
		The resulting pattern of differential rotation shows signs of evolving from an angular velocity distribution that is nearly constant on cylinders, toward a profile in which the rotation rate is almost independent of radius in the bulk of the convection zone, closer to what is inferred from helioseismic observations.
	web.hao.ucar.edu /public/asr/asr99/si/si.html (7521 words)

	Solar System - Rotation of Sun and Planets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The axis of rotation then tends to stand upright to the plane of shaking, which is the mean orbital plane of the satellite(s).
		Changes in the general and differential rotation of our sun in connection with the solar cycles are described in several research papers - Refs - (03)-(06).
		This may be explainable by the mechanism described in chapter 7: Faster rotation of sun causes an increase in diameter, thus a lower mean density, and with this possibly a reduced energy-output.
	www.heeke.com /franz/Publication.html (2638 words)

	Sturrock Solar Theory Group
		Typically, there are several rotation components, but one is usually preeminent.
		The differential rotation of the solar corona is an interesting subject, in part because the latitudinal profile of the rotation rate seems to vary less (i.e., is more "rigid") than that of the underlying photosphere.
		A common characteristic is that the coronal rotation rate only matches the underlying photospheric rate near the equator, and rotates faster than the photosphere at higher latitudes; thus the rotation profile of the corona across latitude is shallower, i.e., more rigid than that of the photosphere.
	www.stanford.edu /group/Sturrock/papers/Weber02/Weber02.html (835 words)

	Differential gear assembly - Patent 5458546
		Generally, a differential gear assembly used in a vehicle is prepared for occurrence of slipping or skidding of one tire so as to provide a sufficient rotation force to the other tire which is not slipped.
		It is noted that restriction of the differential operation is related to the friction between the receptacle grooves and the pinion gears.
		In the differential gear assembly of the above-mentioned structure, differential rotation of the second side gear 20 is limited and the driving force is transmitted to the first side gear 18 upon occurrence of slipping of one wheel in the manner similar to the first and the second embodiments.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5458546.html (5734 words)

	Internal Rotation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In particular, measuring the rotation in the deep interior will determine whether the Sun has a fast-rotating core, which might be a relic of the Sun's faster rotation as a young star if the transport of angular momentum from the core is relatively inefficient.
		The inversion of the rotational splitting may therefore reveal jets and other pronounced shearing flows as components of the differential rotation profile both within the convection zone and in a region of penetration below.
		Rotation about a non-unique axis would give rise to hyperfine structure in the power spectra that would not be present if the Sun were purely axisymmetric.
	soi.stanford.edu /results/Objective_Results/InRotation.html (425 words)

	Anni Souriau's SCIENCE perspective (1998 July 3)
		The search for this differential rotation was motivated by the predictions of some theoretical models of the dynamo that generates Earth's magnetic field inside the liquid core.
		The rotation is detected from the transit of these heterogeneities beneath the seismic path, and the rotation rate may be estimated if a local anisotropy or heterogeneity pattern is available (3).
		The former found a rotation for the inner core that is 1.1º/year faster than that for the mantle over the 30 years of their observations, whereas the latter obtained a 3º/year faster rotation over the same interval.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /~richards/Science.Souriau1998.html (1232 words)

	Automobile Differential Gears
		When the car is moving in a straight line, the differential gears do not rotate with respect to their axes.
		One problem with an automotive differential is that if one wheel is held stationary, the counterpart wheel turns at twice its normal speed as can be seen by examining the complete scheme of automobile differential.
		The gear train in an automobile differential is a common application of gears, but often misunderstood by the lay public.
	www.efunda.com /DesignStandards/gears/gears_auto_diff.cfm (581 words)

	Rotation of the Sun
		The behavior of the Sun's magnetic field is strongly influenced by the combination of convective currents, which bring the charged plasma from deep within the Sun to the Sun's surface, and the differential rotation of the outer layers of the Sun.
		Differential rotation is apparently the main driver of the 11-year sunspot cycle and the associated 22-year solar cycle.
		The notion that differential rotation and convective motion drive these cycles was first put forth in 1961 by the American astronomer Horace Babcock, and is now known as the Babcock Model.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/sun/Solar_interior/Sun_layers/differential_rotation.html (412 words)

	6.3 Differential rotation
		Many simulations of rotating convection in spherical shells exhibit a polar vortex; prograde rotation in the polar regions which arises due to the tendency for flows to conserve angular momentum as they approach the rotation axis.
		An alternative possibility was recently proposed by Spruit (2003) who argues that torsional oscillations may be a surface phenomenon which arise as a geostrophic flow response to thermally-induced latitudinal pressure gradients associated with belts of magnetic activity.
		Since the radiative interior possesses much more mechanical and thermal inertia than the convective envelope, the differential rotation in the convection zone may be sensitive to the complex dynamics occuring in the tachocline.
	solarphysics.livingreviews.org /Articles/lrsp-2005-1/articlesu23.html (2288 words)

	Astronomy & Astrophysics
		Distributions of rotational velocities and periods are studied in the HR-diagram.
		Differential rotation seems to be more common in slower rotators, but deviations from rigid rotation are also found in some fast rotators.
		We search for correlations between differential rotation and parameters relevant for stellar activity and show indications against strong differential rotation in very active stars.
	www.edpsciences.org /articles/aa/abs/2003/05/aa3147/aa3147.html (260 words)

	Astronomy & Astrophysics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 147 stars the rotation law could be measured, with 28 of them found to be differentially rotating.
		Comparison to rotation laws in stars of spectral type A reveals that differential rotation sets in at the convection boundary in the HR-diagram; no star that is significantly hotter than the convection boundary exhibits the signatures of differential rotation.
		Measurable differential rotation is more frequent in late-type stars and slow rotators.
	www.aanda.org /articles/aa/abs/2006/04/aa3911-05/aa3911-05.html (324 words)

	2 The model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		is considered as a free parameter; the models concern a star with a rotation period of 9 h, i.e.
		As the density distribution is spherically symmetric, and the gas motion is dominated by the global rotation, we assume axisymmetry for the mean velocity and temperature.
		is the mixing-length expression for the heat conductivity coefficient in a slowly rotating convection zone, i.e.
	aanda.u-strasbg.fr:2002 /papers/aa/full/2002/13/aa2038/node2.html (605 words)

	Solar Interior (SI)
		Tomczyk and co-workers have found that the Sun rotates differentially in latitude throughout the convection zone (i.e., the outer 30% of the Sun in radius), in agreement with the results of other helioseismic studies.
		Since the differential rotation underneath the convection zone is smaller, and since perturbations there should be largely confined to spherical shells due to the stable stratification, the rotation profile in the absence of a magnetic field should be stable.
		The mechanism of energy release from the differential rotation is the poleward transport of angular momentum, by the Maxwell stress rather than the Reynolds stress.
	web.hao.ucar.edu /public/asr/asr96/si.html (4608 words)

	Ogden and Fearn 1995 abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In a rapidly rotating, electrically conducting fluid we investigate the thermal stability of.
		the fluid in the presence of an imposed toroidal magnetic field and an imposed toroidal differential rotation.
		The familiar role of differential rotation is a stabilising one.
	www.maths.gla.ac.uk /%7Edrf/abstracts/abs45.htm (242 words)

	Paradoxes Resolved, Origins Illuminated - Differential rotation of galaxies
		The rotation rate gradually increases from the center to a maximum value and then remains pretty constant the rest of the way.
		The sharpness of transition from the center is related to the luminosity of the galaxy.
		The constant density, spherical symmetri fit with the rotation of the center part of the galaxy (incresse in velocity) and the 1/r2 density model fit the rest of the curve (constant).
	www.metaresearch.org /msgboard/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=132 (1537 words)

	[No title]
		These achievements have prompted the development of the theory of differential rotation, which is the focal point of this review.
		The theoretical predictions on the differential rotation of the stars agree with observations.
		A brief discussion is held here on the relation between the magnetic activity of stars and the nonuniformity of their rotation and on prospects for further development of the theory.
	www.turpion.org /php/paper.phtml?journal_id=pu&paper_id=2099 (220 words)

	Liquid Dynamo Experiment - Beckley/Colgate: Convection in Rotating Frames
		The entrainment of the thermals as a function of depth, with and without rotation, were observed and analyzed along with the depth of penetration with and without stratification.
		The Ω-component of the conducting fluid flow is differential rotation, dΩ/dR < 0, typical of Keplerian flow in a gravitational field or of annular rotational Couette flow in the laboratory.
		Then ask for the differential rotation angle of the lenticular clouds formed ahead of the rising plume and of the turbulently entraining plume itself during the lifetime of the cloud.
	www.physics.nmt.edu /~dynamo/PJRX/CRF.html (1115 words)

	Space Weather
		The rotation period varies with latitude from 24 days at the equator to 34 days approaching the solar poles.
		Doppler-shifts of solar spectral lines indicate that the differential rotation not only varies with time but also has large eddies embedded within it.
		It is thought that the differential rotation is produced by the interaction between the convection cells, which cover the solar surface at multiple scales and the solar rotation.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /spaceweather/aoss335_quietsun9.html (151 words)

	Race Rear Suspension
		Ideally, your pinion angle of the rear differential is parallel to the transmission shaft at all times.
		Ideally, the upper arm is equal in length and parallel to the lower arm, resulting in zero differential rotation throughout the travel.
		I have tried to minimize yoke displacement (less than 1.5" for almost 26.5" of travel) and have sacrificed a bit of differential rotation at compression (4.3 degrees) I feel this is a very good compromise.
	home.off-road.com /~jricher/newrearsusp.htm (1006 words)

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