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Topic: Diffractive optics

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	Optics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Optics (appearance or look in ancient Greek) is a branch of physics that describes the behavior and properties of light and the interaction of light with matter.
		The field of optics usually describes the behavior of visible, infrared and ultraviolet light; however because light is an electromagnetic wave, analogous phenomena occur in X-rays, microwaves, radio waves, and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.
		The "ray" in geometric optics is an abstract object which is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual optical waves.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Optics (802 words)

	Encyclopedia: Optics
		The ray in geometric optics is perpendicular to the wavefront in wave optics.
		Crystal optics is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in anisotropic media, that is, media (such as crystals) in which light behaves differently depending on which direction the light is propagating.
		Nonlinear optics is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in nonlinear media, that is, media in which the polarization P responds nonlinearly to the electric field E of the light.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Optics (2403 words)

	Learn more about Optics in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Optics is a branch of physics that describes the behavior and properties of light and the interaction of light with matter.
		The field of optics usually describes the behavior of visible, infrared and ultraviolet light; however since light is an electromagnetic wave, analogous phenomena occur in X-rays, microwaves, radio waves, and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.
		The ray in geometric optics is perpendicular to the wavefront in physical optics.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /o/op/optics.html (425 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0030026314
		Diffractive components which allow the redistribution of the original light beam (when the light is directly reflected or the light is transmitted and then reflected by a mirror) can provide mode control of the output of the broad-area semiconductor lasers.
		For example, the diffractive optics member 410 may be a digital diffractive optics device attached to the semiconductor laser 101 and used to generate a corrected laser beam 415 that is directed to a coupling lens 120 and a ring resonator 121.
		The diffractive optics device 210 is used to assist the plano-convex lens 220 by correcting longitudinal spherical aberrations caused by the conventional plano-convex lens 220.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1='20030026314'.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030026314&RS=DN/20030026314 (8179 words)

	Diffractive optics Article, Diffractiveoptics Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Diffraction also occurs whenany group of waves of a finite size is propagating; for example, a narrow beam of light waves from a laser must, because of diffraction of the beam, eventually diverge into awider beam at a sufficient distance from the laser.
		Diffraction from multiple slits, as described above, is similar to what occurs when waves are scattered from a periodicstructure, such as atoms in a crystal or rulings on a diffraction grating.
		The most common demonstration of Bragg diffraction is the spectrum of colors seen reflected from a compact disc : the closely-spaced tracks on the surface of the disc form adiffraction grating, and the individual wavelengths of white light are diffracted at different angles from it, in accordance withBragg's law.
	www.anoca.org /diffraction/light/diffractive_optics.html (1066 words)

	Optics -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Optics explains and is illuminated by (additional info and facts about optical phenomena) optical phenomena.
		Optics can thus be regarded as a sub-field of (The branch of physics concerned with electromagnetic phenomena) electromagnetism.
		Classical or geometric optics, sometimes called ray optics is the branch of optics that describes ((physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation) light (The movement of a wave through a medium) propagation in terms of rays.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/op/optics.htm (722 words)

	DOE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Diffractive optical elements have a diffraction grating that alters the path light travels through diffraction.*1 Such elements are already incorporated in such industrial instruments as spectroscopes and in signal-reading optical systems found in CD and DVD players.
		Diffractive optical elements, however, have not been employed in camera lenses due to the tendency of natural (white) light to produce superfluous diffracted light upon entering the lens, resulting in flare that degrades image quality.
		The most significant characteristic of the diffractive optical element is that the positions where the wavelengths combine to form an image are reversed from those of a refractive optical element.
	www.canon.com /do-info (838 words)

	oe magazine may 2001 - tutorial - diffracting light (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is similar to other diffractive optics except that the useful wavefronts tend to be one of several orders generated by the pattern.
		Diffractive optical elements can be used in conjunction with other optical components, or they can produce effects on their own, depending on what the optical engineer requires to achieve a particular design goal.
		The diffractive surface can be used in lens design to correct the lens for image aberrations and color aberrations in a manner similar to the use of aspheric surfaces and additional refractive components.
	oemagazine.com /fromTheMagazine/may01/tutorial.html (1313 words)

	Heptagon - Learning > About Micro Optics
		Diffractive and refractive micro-optical elements complement and often exceed the functionality and performance of traditional lenses, prisms and mirrors.
		Diffractive micro-optics has the advantage that they usually are planar (or flat) and that they can be manufactured with lithographic and micro-mechanical methods.
		Diffractive micro-optics allows a lot of complex functionality to be implemented in a single component - functionality which could be realized only with great difficulty using conventional optics.
	www.heptagon.fi /learning/aboutMO.html (467 words)

	RPC Photonics Inc. -- Diffractive Optics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Computer-generated diffractive optical elements are used to produce arbitrary phase and amplitude distributions.
		They operate on the principles of interference and diffraction and enable arbitrary distributions of light, both phase and amplitude, for a variety of applications.
		To achieve the highest possible efficiency, diffractive elements are Implemented as phase-only elements with continuous phase profiles.
	www.rpcphotonics.com /diff_tech.htm (252 words)

	Holography - optical elements, holographic optics, diffractive optics, holographic optical elements, diffractiveoptical ...
		A diffractive optical element is a new class of optics that operates on the principle of diffraction.
		Diffractive optics work by breaking up incoming waves of light into a large number of waves, which recombine to form completely new waves.
		Diffractive optical elements are destined to re-define the role of optics in several areas.
	www.hololight.net /hoe.html (809 words)

	Diffractive Optics 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Diffractive Optics 2005, 3-7 September 2005, Warsaw Uniwersity, Warsaw, Poland) is the continuation of a series of European meetings on the subject, which started with two workshops in Prague in 1992 and 1995.
		One of professors of the Faculty of Physics of the Warsaw University was the world-class Polish scientist Prof.
		Adalbert (Wojciech) Rubinowicz (1889–1974), one of the founders of quantum theory of radiation and theory of diffraction (“Rubinowicz-Kirchhoff diffraction integral”).
	www.eurocongress.com.pl /do2005 (219 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The diffractive optics memory 8 comprises a recording plate coated with a layer of polypeptide.
		The optical axis is formed by that segment of the object light beam 4 positioned between mirror 25 and the diffractive optics memory 8 so that it is perpendicular to a plane of the diffractive optics memory 8.
		The portion of the reference beam 1 diffracted by the diffractive optics memory 8 forms the reconstruction, which is focused by imagining lens 150 to a detector array of CCD camera 160.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/81580.031002&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3702 words)

	Colibrys - Industrial Applications - Diffractive Optics - Colibrys is a world leading supplier of standard MEMS ...
		Other diffractive structures can shape the cross sectional intensity distribution of the beam, which is often Gaussian, into an arbitrary surface with constant intensity, for instance.
		The mastering of diffractive effects allows designing unique optical functions that would be extremely difficult or impossible to realise with classical optical elements.
		Diffractive structures can also be used in combination with classical elements and new opportunities exist in the combination with Mems, e.g.
	www.colibrys.com /e/page/252 (359 words)

	'Insect eyes' can improve optical systems - (United Press International) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One common example of diffractive optics can be found in a device called a Fresnel zone plate, he continued.
		Diffractive lenses do not have to be made of fragile materials such as glass.
		Holloway does not expect diffractive optics to replace refractive optics in common applications such as cameras, because refractive optics have had far more time to become refined in such niches.
	www.washtimes.com /upi-breaking/20040402-015549-5848r.htm (1090 words)

	Status of the Diffractive X-ray Optics Project at BESSY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Diffraction elements, including diffraction focusing elements, play the important role in experiments requiring spatial and energy resolution.
		The recent development in synthetic hologram optics [1] shows feasibility to use this optics to produce special beam shapes and even holograms for X-ray lithography in the x-ray energy range.
		The projects on the diffraction X-ray optics is based on the technological potential and laboratory equipment of the BESSY Application Center for Microtechnique, started its operation in November 2001.
	lbl.confex.com /lbl/sri2003/techprogram/paper_3068.htm (328 words)

	LASER 2003: Diffractive optics aids design (June 2003) - Feature Articles - optics.org
		Diffractive optics promises a new design freedom for engineers thanks to smaller, cost-effective optical parts.
		"The prism is a conventional optic, the mirror is made by evaporation on one side and the diffractive elements are replicated directly onto the prism."
		JVC also uses a diffractive pattern-generator for an autofocus system in a camcorder, while Agilent has incorporated a DOE into a fibre-optic transceiver.
	optics.org /articles/feature/8/6/3/1 (879 words)

	G-S Plastic Optics - Custom Optics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We are capable of supplying custom-designed molded spherical and aspheric lenses and mirrors, Fresnel lenses, diffractive optics, and diffractive gratings.
		These optics are suitable for prototyping and proof of concept engineering efforts.
		Recognizing that metrology is a key factor in producing consistently good optics, G-SPO has acquired some of the most sophisticated metrology equipment available to document that all optical and mechanical specifications are being been met.
	www.gsoptics.com /custom_optics (895 words)

	Diffractive optical elements with continuous relief fabricated by focused ion beam for monomode fiber coupling
		Diffractive optical elements with continuous relief fabricated by focused ion beam for monomode fiber coupling
		The design, microfabrication and testing of diffractive optical elements (DOE's) with continuous relief used for fiber coupling are discussed in detail.
		Kung.P and Song.L, "Rapid prototyping of multi-level diffractive optical elements," in Vol.11 of OSA Technical Digest Series: Diffractive Optics, (Optical society of America, Washington, D.C., 1994) pp.133-136.
	www.opticsexpress.org /abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-7-3-141 (672 words)

	Technology Reinvestment Project Awards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Optics are a critical component in over 350 current US military weapons systems ranging from relatively simple devices such as night vision optics to the most complicated precision guided munitions, sensing, targeting, communications, and reconnaissance systems.
		The ability to fabricate the optics for these advanced systems with improved performance and reduced manufacturing costs is a critically important capability.
		These performance improvements will be enabled by developing: (1) computer integrated manufacturing system for fabricating diffractive optics master elements and molding tools, (2) low cost methods for replicating visible, infrared optical elements, and (3) a model of stray-light effects in diffractive optics.
	www.nttc.edu /resources/funding/awards/trp/spomt.asp (974 words)

	Technology: Diffractive Optics
		To diffract lightwaves means that the ray goes through a change in direction before passing through the lens.
		The change in direction is caused by a diffraction grating — very fine parallel groves or slits on the surface.
		The diffraction that occurs with Multi-Layer Diffractive optical elements actually corrects the optical system’s chromatic aberrations and improve the image formation performance.
	www.usa.canon.com /html/eflenses/technology/diffractive.html (259 words)

	G-211 Emerging Optics Markets: Diffractive Optics, Optical Computing Holograpy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The objective of this BCC study is to analyze the status of three broad areas of emerging optic technology in 1997.
		This study considers diffractive optic elements, technologies arising from optical computing and holography in current applications, and potential new applications for the next five years.
		Diffractive optics began to emerge from laboratories in the late 1980s, and through the mid 1990s grew to serve a niche market of high end specialized applications, mostly within the defense complex.
	www.bccresearch.com /advmat/G211.html (1235 words)

	Diffractive and refractive x-ray optics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We present a variety of diffractive and refractive x-ray optics developed for imaging and microfocusing applications at synchrotron beam lines covering almost three orders of magnitude in photon energy.
		Our recent development of linear optics with ultra high aspect ratio structures has opened up a way to extend the applications of diffractive optics at least to the 30 keV range.
		Besides focusing elements, we also present other diffractive optics such as decoherers, beam homogenizers or beam splitters for interferometric applications.
	lbl.confex.com /lbl/sri2003/techprogram/paper_4288.htm (241 words)

	Diffractive Optical Elemants (DOE) - Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Diffractive optics are making their way into industry.
		By incorporating diffractive optical elements (DOE) in the optical field of a laser beam, the beam's "shape" can be controlled and changed flexibly according to application needs.
		The technical discipline of diffractive optics provides methods to design and implement DOE microstructures in order to manipulate light and photons and by this implement a desired function.
	www.holoeye.com /doe_technology.html (237 words)

	Diffractive optics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is mathematically easier to consider the case of far-field or Fraunhoferdiffraction, where the diffracting obstruction is many wavelengths distant from the point at which the wave is measured.
		This articleconsiders far-field diffraction, which is commonly observed in nature.
		Since the diffraction angle θ is dependent on thewavelength λ, diffaction gratings impart angular dispersion on a beam of light.
	www.therfcc.org /diffractive-optics-25104.html (1019 words)

	Digital Diffractive Optics: An Introduction to Planar Diffractive Optics and Related Technology by B. Kress [ISBN: ...
		Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are becoming more and more widely used in a braod range of fields, including telecommunications, optical computing, consumer electronics, laser material processing and the biomedical sciences, to manipulate light through micro-optical systems.
		Digital Diffractive Optics will be of great interest to all those involved in the fields of optical engineering and photonics.
		There is an assumption that you have a decent understanding of optics, and are comfortable with at least two years of college math (calculus and DEs/PDEs).
	www.gettextbooks.com /isbn_0471984477.html (378 words)

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