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Topic: Diffuse interstellar band

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	NASA Astrochemistry
		A series of diffuse bands (of interstellar origin) were recorded on photographic plates early in the century.
		We think tat the DIBs are caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or most likely their cations, since PAH ions of all sizes absorb in the visible and near infrared, and such molecules are expected to be ionized by the intense UV field present in much of the interstellar medium.
		Salama, F., and Allamandola, L. Neutral and Ionized PAHs, The Diffuse Interstellar Bands, and the Ultraviolet Extinction Curve.
	www.astrochem.org /DIBS.html (333 words)

	Interstellar reddening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The interstellar reddening and distance of Nova Cygni 1975 /V1500 Cygni/...
		Lecture 8:The ISM- Nebula and Interstellar Dust Bunnies...
		Interstellar extinction law near the Galactic equator along the Camelopardalis,...
	www.scienceoxygen.com /signal/275.html (239 words)

	Interstellar medium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In astronomy, the interstellar medium (or ISM) is the matter and energy content that exists between the stars (or their immediate circumstellar environment) within a galaxy.
		The interstellar medium is usually divided into three phases, depending on the temperature of the gas: hot (millions of kelvins), warm (thousands of kelvins), and cold (tens of kelvins).
		Features prominent in the study of the interstellar medium include molecular clouds, interstellar clouds, supernova remnants, planetary nebulae, and similar diffuse structures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interstellar_gas (555 words)

	Space (band) - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Space are an indie rock band from Liverpool, UK who were very popular in the 1990s.
		The band increased in size with the addition of keyboardist Franny Griffith and bassist Dave "Yorkie" Palmer (who joined in 1997).
		The band also recorded a track together with singer Tom Jones for his album Reload, released in 1999.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /space_(band).htm (334 words)

	Nottingham University Astronomy and Astrophysical Chemistry
		The longest standing problem in astronomical spectroscopy is the assignment of the unidentified diffuse interstellar absorption bands which are observed along lines of sight towards stars that are reddened by interstellar dust.
		It is thought that the diffuse band carriers are rich in carbon so it is possible that the solution may carry clues concerning the production of molecules necessary to sustain life.
		Among the objectives is to seek correlations, or otherwise, between the band intensities and profiles and those of the unidentified optical emission bands, and to unravel the precise chemical form of the carriers.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /~pczastrc/research.html (390 words)

	whittet - publications
		"Interstellar grain composition and the infrared spectrum of OH26.5+0.6", Butchart, I., & Whittet, D.C.B., 1983, Mon.
		"Interstellar polarization in the dust lane of Centaurus A (NGC5128)", Hough, J.H., Bailey, J.A., Rouse, M.F., & Whittet, D.C.B., 1987, Mon.
		"Interstellar extinction and polarization in the infrared", Martin, P.G., & Whittet, D.C.B., 1990, Astrophysics J., 357, 113-124.
	www.rpi.edu /~whittd/pub.html (3588 words)

	aim
		The infrared bands caused by aromatic hydrocarbons have been recently recognized to be an important indicator for star formation at higher red-shifts.
		Large-scale modeling of the interstellar and circumstellar medium is extremely important if one wants to understand the different phase transitions including the formation of stars in molecular cloud cores and of planets in circumstellar disks which are driven by gravity, radiation forces, gas pressure, and magnetic fields.
		Small carbon particles are the most probable carriers of the interstellar extinction hump at 217 nm (Fitzpatrick and Massa 1986) and also of the 3.4 µm absorption band of the diffuse interstellar medium (Pendleton and Chiar 1997).
	www.tu-chemnitz.de /FGLA/Aim (8406 words)

	The Diffuse Interstellar Bands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A series of diffuse bands (of interstellar origin) were recorded on photographic plates early in the century.
		We think that the DIBs are caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or most likely their cations, since PAH ions of all sizes absorb in the visible and near infrared, and such molecules are expected to be ionized by the intense UV field present in much of the interstellar medium.
		Salama, F., and Allamandola, L. Neutral and Ionized PAHs, The Diffuse Interstellar Bands, and the Ultraviolet Extinction Curve.
	www-space.arc.nasa.gov /~astrochem/DIBS.html (342 words)

	University of Chicago Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics: Academics & Outreach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Observing infrared radiation from circumstellar and interstellar dust around young stars at the highest possible angular resolution yields information on the energetics of the sources, the nature of the interactions between the stars and their environments, and the composition of the interstellar material.
		Studies of the interstellar medium and intergalactic medium are underway using Earth-orbiting and ground-based spectrographs.
		For gas near the Sun, absorption lines of interstellar gas in stellar spectra are used to study abundances, ionization states, phases of the medium and the make-up of interstellar grains.
	astro.uchicago.edu /research/faculty02.html (10215 words)

	Scientific Papers - J - SETI Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Diffuse Interstellar Bands near 9600 Å: not due to C60+ yet.
		Desert F.-X., Jenniskens P.,1995, DIBs and UV extinction, in: The Diffuse Interstellar Bands, A.G.G.M. Tielens and T.P. Snow (eds), 97-103.
		Jenniskens P., Ehrenfreund P., Foing B., 1994, Diffuse interstellar bands in Orion; The environment dependence of DIB strength, Astronomy and Astrophysics 281, 517-525.
	www.seti.org /site/apps/nl/content.asp?c=ktJ2J9MMIsE&b=180469&ct=206674 (2924 words)

	Career pages of astronomer Dr. Peter Jenniskens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		DIBs - His astronomical observations of Diffuse Interstellar Bands in the visual and near-infrared absorption spectra of interstellar matter, in collaboration with F.-X. Desert, provided the first overall view of the Diffuse Interstellar Band spectrum.
		Laboratory analog studies of the formation and evolution of complex reduced organic matter on interstellar grains via UV photolysis of interstellar ice mantles, pioneering the subsequent processing by UV photons and cosmic ray ions, in collaboration with G. Strazzulla (Italy) and A. Kouchi (Japan).
		Observations of Diffuse Interstellar Bands at the Observatoire de Haute Provence resulting in the "Survey of Diffuse Interstellar Bands (3800-8680 A)", a DIB catalogue and the first overall picture of the DIB spectrum (149K), in collaboration with F.X. Desert and M. Dennefeld.
	leonid.arc.nasa.gov /pjenniskens.html (1643 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The current baseline for broad and medium band photometric systems, their capabilities for the astrophysical parametrization of the stars and hence the expected precision of the stellar populations characterization are reviewed.
		The analysis of the ionised gas at Halpha wavelength (diffuse emission as well as discret HII regions) is essential to associate the radio sources to their molecular parental cloud, using velocity and spatial similarity.
		Through the measurement of the DIB imprint in stellar spectra the RVS can directly map the interstellar extinction independently of the photometric approach which is based on a comparison of observed colours with modelled intrinsic colours.
	wwwhip.obspm.fr /gaia2004/php/index_presentations_full.php (19557 words)

	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The profile of the diffuse interstellar band at 6196 Å has been shown by high-resolution spectroscopy to be a smooth, bell-shaped curve that lacks the rotational structure predicted by the current theory that the bands are rovibronic transitions of carbon-rich molecules in the vapour phase.
		6196 is one of the narrowest of the diffuse interstellar bands, the explanation appears to be that some molecular broadening process is acting to wash out the rotational structure, but none of the processes previously discussed in connection with the bands is appropriate to this case.
		The zero-point shift is unavoidable in carbon-rich molecules that are not isotopically pure and may set a fundamental limit to the clarity with which fine detail is discernible in the spectrum of every diffuse interstellar band.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /abstract.asp?ref=0035-8711&vid=349&iid=1&aid=28&s=&site=1 (415 words)

	Untitled Document
		This is a relatively unsurveyed band and the emissions at this wavelength may contain important clues about the process of cooling that takes place in the Local Bubble of the Interstellar Medium.
		In the hottest regions of the interstellar medium, hydrogen and helium are fully ionized, or stripped of their electrons.
		The majority of the luminosity from diffuse million-degree plasma is expected to emerge in the poorly explored CHIPS band, making CHIPS data of relevance in a wide variety of galactic and extragalactic astrophysical environments.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /gsfc/spacesci/pictures/2002/1217chips/factsheet.htm (1264 words)

	[No title]
		The seemingly ubiquitous existence of such small, dense pockets of gas in the diffuse ISM is an important puzzle since the inferred over-pressures of these clumps imply lifetimes of only a few thousand years before they should diffuse away.
		Therefore, we propose to obtain FUSE observations of the interstellar H_2 absorption lines towards six members of three multiple star systems of varying separations with the goal of deriving accurate densities, temperatures, and radiation fields for the clouds associated with the observed small-scale structures in these sightlines.
		Because selective radiation pressure on He and Si is inefficient, their abundance is determined by steady-state equilibrium between the accretion flow and downward diffusion and holds a ratio of log(SiHe)-3.7, while the abundance of C, P, and S should be determined by radiation pressure correlated with effective temperature.
	fusegi.pha.jhu.edu /fuse/c2_accepted_abstracts.txt (11642 words)

	XRA Report for the period May 1999 to April 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the X-ray band the bright, stable, featureless nature of Crab's spectrum make it an ideal calibration source, which is invariably targeted by all new missions.
		Shirey et al [133] present a first analysis, demonstrating conclusively that the apparently diffuse emission really does come from diffuse gas (at a temperature of 0.35 keV), an important conclusion as M31 is often considered as a prototype early-type spiral galaxy.
		The relationship of the variations within different energy bands can, in principle, help to constrain the geometry of the emission region on the macroscopic scale and identify the physical radiation and loss processes on the microscopic scale.
	www.star.le.ac.uk /report/report.html (20342 words)

	Career pages of astronomer Dr. Peter Jenniskens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Desert F.-X., Jenniskens P.,1995, DIBs and UV extinction, in: The Diffuse Interstellar Bands, A.G.G.M. Tielens and T.P. Snow (eds), 97-103
		Jenniskens P., Ehrenfreund P., Foing B., 1994, Diffuse interstellar bands in Orion; The environment dependence of DIB strength, Astronomy & Astrophysics 281, 517-525 (scanned article).
		Ghandour L., Jenniskens P., Hartigan P., 1994, DIBs independent of accretion in T-Tauri stars, in The Diffuse Interstellar Bands: Contributed Papers, A.G.G.M. Tielens (ed.), 7-10 (abstract).
	aio.arc.nasa.gov /~leonid/pjenniskens-pold.html (2474 words)

	Astronomy Update 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		DIBs have been known since the 1920s and they represent one of the greatest of all interstellar mysteries.
		But the DIBS might just be produced by molecular hydrogen, which is kind of disappointing, but still a nice solution of a really deep and dark interstellar mystery.
		Supernova are thought to be very important in producing the compressive forces in interstellar space that cause the birth of stars.
	www.astro.uiuc.edu /~kaler/glpa/update97.html (9979 words)

	McGraw-Hill AccessScience: Saturn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The rings may be seen even with a relatively small telescope, but their visibility changes with the position of the planet in its orbit, because the rotation axis (of both the planet and the rings) is inclined 27° to the perpendicular to the orbital plane.
		The soft, velvety appearance of the low-contrast banded structure is due to scattering by a haze layer above the planet's cloud deck.
		It appears as a dusky band in projection against the disk of the planet and only faintly against the sky.
	www.accessscience.com /Samples/Article (4028 words)

	GHRS Scientific Papers
		"Fractionation of CO in the Diffuse Clouds Toward Zeta Ophiuchi" Sheffer, Y., Federman, S.R., Lambert, D.L., and Cardelli, J.A. 1992, ApJ, 397, 482-491.
		"Interstellar and Intergalactic Magnesium and Sodium Absorption toward SN 1993J" Bowen, D.V., Roth, K.C., Blades, J.C., and Meyer, D.M. 1994, ApJ, 420, L71-L74.
		"A Weak Diffuse Interstellar Band in the Far-Ultraviolet Spectrum of z Ophiuchi?" Tripp, T.M., Cardelli, J.A., and Savage, B.D. "G191-B2B: Accurate Abundances for Nitrogen, Silicon, and Iron from GHRS Observations" Vidal-Madjar, A., Allard, N.F., Koester, D., Lemoine, M., Ferlet, R., Bertin, P., Lallement, R., and Vauclair, G. 1994, AandA, 287, 175-178.
	www.stsci.edu /instrument-news/handbooks/ghrs/GHRS_52.html (2416 words)

	COSPAR E1.1 Abstract
		Compton scattering deeply affects the multiple-reflected spectra in the 1-50 keV band and the determination of the continuum is complicated on the blue side by recombination continua on highly ionized iron, and on the red side by the influe nce of the edges of other elements.
		Broad band studies of these objects from the radio domain up to high-energy $\gamma$-rays are crucial in understanding the production of non-ther mal magnetospheric emission from these ms-pulsars for which the magnetic field strengths are orders of magnitude weaker than for normal rotational pulsars.
		In addition to the multiband spectrum, the relationship of the variability patterns obtained from one band to another provides information as to the relationship of the physical processes responsible for the emission in these bands.
	www.astro.isas.ac.jp /conference/COSPAR/Abstract.html (7603 words)

	The Diffuse Interstellar Bands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		We now know of well over 100 such bands present in the UV, visible and near IR regions of the spectrum.
		Since their discovery in the early 1900's the DIBs have successfully challenged spectroscopists, astronomers, and physicists.
		We think that the DIBs are caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or most likely their cations, since PAH ions of all sizes absorb in the visible and near infrared, and such molecules are expected to be ionized by the intense UV field present in much of the interstellar medium.
	web99.arc.nasa.gov /~astrochm/DIBS.html (342 words)

	Theodore P. Snow
		Observational studies of the chemistry and physics of the diffuse interstellar medium.
		Snow, T.P., Zukowski, D., and Massey, P. 2002, "The Intrinsic Profile of the 4430A Diffuse Interstellar Band: Strong Evidence for a Free Molecular Origin", Ap.J., 578, 877-884.
		Snow, T.P. 2001, "The Unidentified Diffuse Interstellar Bands as Evidence for Large Organic Molecules in the Interstellar Medium", Spectrochimica Acta, Part A, 57, 615-626.
	casa.colorado.edu /Employees/faculty_summaries/snow_t.shtml (1142 words)

	Oka Ion Factory - Publications
		Rotational analysis of the (3,3) and (4,4) bands of the A
		Observations of the 4 micron fundamental band of H
		Observation of forbidden transitions of ammonium ion (NH band and determination of ground state rotational constants.
	fermi.uchicago.edu /publications (2475 words)

	LAEFF :: Laboratorio de Astrofísica Espacial y Física Fundamental (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One source which is certainly producing flux in this band is the Hot Phase of the Interstellar Medium.
		A second source which is known to emit radiation in this band is the Local Cloud and its interface with the hot interstellar medium.
		Finally, a variety of other processes have been suggested which may be producing emission in this band; a speculative but highly exciting possibility is that Dark Matter associated with our Galaxy, in the form of massive (~10 eV), long lived (~1023 sec) neutrinos, is producing radiation in this band**.
	www.laeff.esa.es /modules.php?op=modload&name=phpWiki&file=index&pagename=Space%20Projects-EURD%2FMinisat-Overview&cat=&men= (251 words)

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