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Topic: Diffuse reflection

	The Physics Classroom
		This predictability concerning the reflection of light is applicable to the reflection of light off of level (horizontal) surfaces, vertical surfaces, angled surfaces, and even curved surfaces.
		Reflection off of smooth surfaces such as mirrors or a calm body of water leads to a type of reflection known as
		A second application of the distinction between diffuse and specular reflection pertains to the field of photography.
	www.physicsclassroom.com /Class/refln/U13L1d.html (938 words)

	Reflection (physics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reflection is the abrupt change in direction of a wave front at an interface between two dissimilar media so that the wave front returns into the medium from which it originated.
		Reflection of light may be specular (that is, mirror-like) or diffuse (that is, not retaining the image, only the energy) depending on the nature of the interface.
		Whether the interfaces consists of dielectric-conductor or dielectric-dielectric, the phase of the reflected wave may or may not be inverted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reflection_(optics) (632 words)

	Diffuse reflection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light from an uneven or granular surface such that an incident ray is seemingly reflected at a number of angles.
		Diffuse interreflection is a process whereby light reflected from an object strikes other objects in the surrounding area, illuminating them.
		Diffuse interreflection specifically describes light reflected from objects which are not shiny or specular.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diffuse_reflection (237 words)

	Reading on Reflection
		Reflection from such a rough surface is called diffuse reflection and appears matte.
		In both cases the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection at the point that the light ray strikes the surface.
		Light is also reflected when it is incident on a surface or interface between two different materials such as the surface between air and water, or glass and water.
	acept.la.asu.edu /PiN/rdg/reflection/reflection.shtml (481 words)

	Diffuse reflection -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Diffuse reflection is the (The phenomenon of a propagating wave (light or sound) being thrown back from a surface) reflection of ((physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation) light from an uneven or granular surface such that an incident ray is seemingly reflected at a number of angles.
		Diffuse interreflection is a process whereby ((physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation) light reflected from an object strikes other objects in the surrounding area, illuminating them.
		If the diffuse surface is (A visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect) colored, the reflected light is also colored, resulting in similar coloration of surrounding objects.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/di/diffuse_reflection.htm (318 words)

	OLYMPUS MIC-D: Interactive Java Tutorial - Specular and Diffuse Reflection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The reflection of light can be roughly categorized into two types of reflection: specular reflection is defined as light reflected from a smooth surface at a definite angle, and diffuse reflection, which is produced by rough surfaces that tend to reflect light in all directions (as illustrated in Figure 1).
		The mirror reflects all of the components of white light (such as red, green, and blue wavelengths) almost equally and the reflected specular light follows the same angle from the normal, as does the incident light.
		An interesting feature of this reflection artifact is that the image of an object being observed appears to be the same distance behind the plane of the mirror as the actual object is in front of the mirror.
	www.mic-d.com /java/specular (728 words)

	The RenderMan Academy - Phong Shading Model
		Diffuse Reflection - Light incident on the surface is reflected equally in all directions and is attenuated by an amount dependent upon the physical properties of the surface.
		Specular Reflection - Light is reflected mainly in the direction of the reflected ray and is attenuated by an amount dependent upon the physical properties of the surface.
		Since the light reflected from the surface is mainly in the direction of the reflected ray the position of the observer determines the perceived illumination of the surface.
	www.rendermanacademy.com /docs/phong_model.htm (1646 words)

	Diffuse Reflection
		Diffuse reflection is uniform reflection of light with no directional dependence for the viewer, e.g., a matte surface such as cardboard.
		Diffuse reflection originates from a combination of internal scattering of light, i.e.
		An illumination model must handle both direct diffuse reflection, i.e., light coming directly from a source to a surface and then reflected to the viewer, and indirect diffuse reflection (or diffuse interreflections), that is light coming from a source, being reflected to a surface, then reflected to another surface, etc, and finally to the viewer.
	www.siggraph.org /education/materials/HyperGraph/illumin/diffuse_reflection.htm (651 words)

	Basic Light Reflection Model
		A reflection model describes the interaction of light with a surface, in terms of the properties of the surface and the nature of the incident light.
		Diffuse light is scattered in all directions and is responsible for the color of the surface.
		The area over which specular reflection is seen is commonly referred to as a highlight and this phrase describes a second important aspect of this type of reflection: the color of the specularly reflected light is different from that of the diffuse reflected light.
	www-viz.tamu.edu /faculty/parke/ends489f00/notes/sec7_2.html (2563 words)

	The Law of Reflection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The diagram shows that the light reflects off the mirror in such a manner that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
		For light from the object to reflect off the mirror and travel to the eye, the light would have to reflect in such a way that the angle of incidence is less than the angle of reflection.
		In this case, for light from the object to reflect off the mirror and travel to the eye, the light would have to reflect in such a way that the angle of incidence is more than the angle of reflection.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/phys/Class/refln/u13l1c.html (726 words)

	CS 4390, Fall '98 Homework
		Diffuse reflection captures the effect of the energy from a point or directional light being reflected back from the surface equally in all directions.
		Diffuse reflection differs from ambient reflection because its intensity depends on the relative directions of the light and the surface normal.
		Specular reflection differs from ambient and diffuse reflection because it depends on the location of the viewer, as well as on the surface normal and light source vectors.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /classes/cs4390_99_winter/homeworkSolns3.html (1964 words)

	Notebook
		Reflection from a smooth, polished surface like a mirror is mostly regular, while diffuse reflection takes place at surfaces that are rough compared with the wavelength of light.
		The reflection of each single ray is regular--that is, it is reflected at the same angle at which it strikes the surface.
		Incident and reflected rays are on opposite sides of the normal--a line perpendicular to the reflecting surface and passing though the point of incidence.
	www.noteaccess.com /RELATIONSHIPS/Reflection.htm (1125 words)

	Reflection, transmission, and fluence rates in one-dimension
		The average diffuse radiance for a non-conservative finite medium is given by Equation (4.89).
		The expressions for the diffuse reflection and diffuse transmission are
		The equations are the diffuse reflection and diffuse transmission for a slab illuminated uniformly by collimated light.
	omlc.ogi.edu /pubs/prahl-pubs/prahl88/node54.html (158 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Diffuse reflection simulates the light which penetrates a surface and gets reflected by the surface in all directions.
		Diffuse reflection is the brightest when the normal vector of a surface points toward the light source.
		Ambient reflection is a gross approximation of multiple reflections from indirect light sources (e.g., the surfaces of walls and tables in a room that reflect off the lights from light sources).
	accad.osu.edu /~midori/03_752/handouts/shading_models.htm (365 words)

	Uniqueness of inverse procedure
		Decreasing the anisotropy also increases the reflection and decreases the transmission, and so the anisotropy and the albedo are not obviously independent functions of the reflection and transmission.
		In Figure 6.2 the dependence of the total transmission and the diffuse reflection on the anisotropy and albedo is shown.
		Increasing the albedo increases the reflection and decreases transmission.
	omlc.ogi.edu /pubs/prahl-pubs/prahl88/node78.html (470 words)

	REFLECTION OF LIGHT - Online Information article about REFLECTION OF LIGHT
		This law is: the incident and reflected rays make equal angles with the normal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence, and are coplanar with the normal.
		angle of incidence ORT equals the angle of reflection PRT, and that M OR, RT and RP are in the same plane.
		To determine the reflection at a spherical surface.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /RAY_RHU/REFLECTION_OF_LIGHT.html (1881 words)

	Specular vs. Diffuse Reflection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This predictability concerning the reflection of light is applicable to the reflection of light off of level (horizontal) surfaces, vertical surfaces, angled surfaces, and even curved surfaces.
		Reflection off of smooth surfaces such as mirrors or a calm body of water leads to a type of reflection known as
		A second application of the distinction between diffuse and specular reflection pertains to the field of photography.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/phys/Class/refln/u13l1d.html (932 words)

	Reflections on Reflections in Optical Enhancement Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is the specular reflection which is responsible for forming an image in a shiny surface.
		Diffuse reflections do not result in an image being formed, but are yield a large bright patch on the surface being illuminated.
		This occurs for surfaces coated with fine beads or for structures such as a so-called corner cube, which were used on the moon to reflect laser beams from the earth back to sensors for the purpose of precisely determining the distance to the moon (see figure 4).
	www.gdoptilabs.com /refonref.htm (816 words)

	CG Education
		I didn't bother observing that a reflection should in fact reflect the environment the object is in, and that different parts of the metal surface reflect different amounts of the environment, and how the less polished the surface is, the fuzzier the reflections become.
		Knowing this, you'd expect the reflection in the mirror of a fl object (the background) to be fl, like it is on the default sphere, whereas the additive sphere takes the color fl and adds to to the diffuse color of the sphere which is blue, producing an incorrect result.
		So mixing a high specular reflection with a high amount of diffuse illumination (the blue of a ball) is not a natural phenomenon.
	www.neilblevins.com /cg_education/metal_and_refs/metal_and_refs.htm (2888 words)

	Reflectance Model (Windows CE .NET Application Development) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		After the diffuse reflection formula is applied, the scaled light is then applied to the diffuse reflectance formula to determine the diffuse component at that vertex.
		As with the diffuse reflectance formula, this formula produces values that range from -1.0 to 1.0, which are clamped to the range of 0.0 to 1.0 and used to scale the light reflecting from the vertex.
		Also, similar to the diffuse reflection model, the remaining light is applied to a formula that derives the specular component at that vertex.
	msdn.microsoft.com /library/en-us/wced3d/html/_wcesdk_dx3d_Reflectance_Model.asp?frame=true (939 words)

	POV-Ray: Documentation: 2.5.3.2 Diffuse Reflection Items
		When light reflects off of a surface the laws of physics say that it should leave the surface at the exact same angle it came in.
		This scattering is called diffuse reflection because the light diffuses or spreads in a variety of directions.
		This is caused by the shadows of the pits or holes in the surface.
	www.povray.org /documentation/view/3.6.1/346 (426 words)

	RPG Diffusor Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Diffusers also affect the RT by their own absorption, especially noticeable if a hard flat surface is replaced by a diffuser.
		This effect will not be further discussed and it is rather to be seen as the task of diffuser manufacturers to optimize their designs to give low-absorbing but high-diffusing alternatives where such are required or to offer particular combinations of absorbing and diffusing properties useful for specific purposes.
		In addition to diffuse reflection, the two major parameters determining the RT are the mean free path (mfp) and the mean absorption coefficient.
	www.rpginc.com /research/reverb01.htm (1967 words)

	TSM - The Shape Machine - Online PovRay Rendering - Help - Diffuse Reflection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This scattering is called diffuse reflection because the light diffuses or spreads in a variety of directions.
		The keyword diffuse is used in a finish statement to control how much of the light coming directly from any light sources is reflected via diffuse reflection.
		This is caused by the shadows of the pits or holes in the surface.
	www.jbarchuk.com /tsm2/diffuse.html (559 words)

	Diffuse optical reflection tomography using continuous wave illumination
		Diffuse optical reflection tomography is used to reconstruct absorption images from continuous-wave measurements of diffuse light re-emitted from a "semi-infinite" medium.
		Boas, Diffuse Photon Probes of Structural and Dynamical Properties of Turbid Media: Theory and Biomedical Applications, A Ph.D. Dissertation in Physics, University of Pennsylvania, 1996.
		Farrell, M. Patterson and B. Wilson, "A diffusion theory model of spatially resolved, steady state diffuse reflectance for the noninvasive determination of tissue optical properties in vivo," Med.
	www.opticsexpress.org /abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-3-3-118 (436 words)

	ipedia.com: Reflection (physics) Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Examples are the reflection of light, of sound and of water waves.
		Reflection of light may be specular (i.e., mirror-like) or diffuse (i.e., not retaining the image, only the energy) according to the nature of the interface.
		A mirror provides the commonest model for specular light reflection and consists of a glass sheet with a metalised coating where the reflection actually occurs.
	www.ipedia.com /reflection__physics_.html (436 words)

	Messier Object 78
		M78 is the brightest diffuse reflection nebula in the sky.
		As a reflection nebula, M78 is a cloud of interstellar dust which shines in the reflected and scattered light of bright blue (early B-type) stars, among them the brightest, HD 38563A, and second-brightest HDE 38563B, both of about 10th visual apparent magnitude.
		The nature of M78 as a reflection nebula was discovered by Vesto M. Slipher of Lowell Observatory in 1919 (Slipher 1919).
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m078.html (863 words)

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