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Topic: Digital identity certificate

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	Certificate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example, a birth certificate or death certificate testifies to basic facts regarding a person's birth or death.
		A certificate, in addition to certifying that someone has passed a test or reached a specific standard of knowledge may also be the name of an actual award.
		Certificate is below the standard of the associate degree and higher diploma, which are below the bachelor degree.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Certificate (367 words)

	Certificate authority - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A CA is usually a company that, for a fee, will issue a public key certificate which states that the CA attests that the public key contained in the certificate belongs to the person (or organisation) noted in the certificate.
		A CA's obligation in such schemes is to verify an applicant's identity, so that users can trust certificates issued by that CA to belong to the people identified in it along with the data in it (as most usually, a public key), and not to an imposter.
		A primary point of several of the statutes that have been enacted regarding digital signatures has been to protect CA companies from the liability they potentially face if the certificates they issue are found to be in error.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Certificate_authority (454 words)

	Research and Technology - Forensic Science Communications - October 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The identity certificate is an electronic document containing the inspector's name, date and time, and the public key of the key pair.
		For the digital video example, that format is compressed DV-25 as recorded on the digital tape, and the time-of-collection requirement is interpreted to mean concurrently with recording and at the video-frame rate.
		The generation of a digitally signed integrity certificate serves as the means of nonrepudiation for the creation of that key pair and the subsequent digital signatures for the video.
	www.fbi.gov /hq/lab/fsc/backissu/oct2004/research/2004_10_research01.htm (4128 words)

	Digital Certificate Faq's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Digital Certificate is an electronic credential that vouches for the holder's identity, a digital certificate has characteristics similar to those of a passport - it has identifying information, is forgery-proof, and is issued by a trusted third party.
		Not to be confused with a digitized signature (a scan of a hand-written signature), a digital signature can be used with either encrypted or unencrypted messages to confirm the sender's identity and ensure the recipient that the message content has not been changed in transmission.
		Digital signatures incorporate the characteristics of hand-written signatures in that they can only be generated by the signer, are verifiable, and cannot easily be imitated or repudiated.
	www.filemyreturns.com /dc/cfaqs.html (626 words)

	Digital Certificate Authorities: Authentication of Documents, Transactions and People
		This is a digital certificate tied to a confidential numbered account at a financial service provider (offshore bank, wealth management company, etc.).
		This means a certificate is only worth as much as the reputation of the issuer or of the major partners allied with the issuer.
		Best of all, an individual company's digital certificate will allow it to interact securely with literally millions of other businesses on the network, as long as they are clients of one of the financial institutions.
	www.escapeartist.com /Offshore_Finance_USA/digital_documents.html (1601 words)

	Certificate authority - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In cryptography, a certificate authority or certification authority (CA) is an entity which issues digital certificates for use by other parties.
		A CA will issue a public key certificate which states that the CA attests that the public key contained in the certificate belongs to the person, organization, server, or other entity noted in the certificate.
		In large-scale deployments Alice may not be familiar with Bob's certificate authority (perhaps they each have a different CA), so Bob's certificate may also include his CA's public key signed by a different CA, which is presumably recognizable by Alice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Certificate_authority (434 words)

	Certificate authority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A CA is usually a company that, for a fee, will issue a public key certificate which states that the CA attests that the public key contained in the certificate belongs to the 'owner' noted in the certificate.
		A CA's obligation insuch schemes is to check an applicant's identity, so that users can trust certificates issued by that CA to belong to the peopleidentified in it along with the data in it (as most usually, a public key), andnot to an imposter.
		A primary point of several of the statutes that have been enacted regarding digital signatures has been to protect CA companies from the liability they potentially face if thecertificates they issue are found to be in error.
	www.therfcc.org /certificate-authority-103851.html (467 words)

	Roger Clarke's Inadequate Conventional PKI
		A digital signature is a block of data that is generated from a message prior to its despatch, and is appended to it.
		An 'identity certificate' is then a particular class of certificate that associates a particular identifier with a particular public key.
		Regrettably, most of the literature uses the term 'certificate' ambiguously, to refer to both certificates generally and identity certificates in particular, despite the fact that the differences are extremely important.
	www.anu.edu.au /people/Roger.Clarke/II/ECIS2001.html (6966 words)

	TechWeb: TechEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The CA signs the certificate by creating a digest (a hash) of all the fields in the certificate and encrypting the hash value with its private key.
		If both digests match, the integrity of the certificate is verified (it was not tampered with), and the public key in the certificate is assumed to be the valid public key of the subject.
		The certificate is typically combined with a signed message or signed executable file, and the public key is used to verify the signatures (see digital signature and code signing).
	www.techweb.com /encyclopedia/defineterm?term=digitalcertificate (570 words)

	SwissSign Certificate Services - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is clear that setting up a digital identity environment which adheres to the international standards is a costly matter, even when the digital identity software is affordable.
		The value of a digital identity is only as great as the trust others are willing to invest into it.
		Earning this trust requires two things: a solid base, like the SwissSign CA, capable of issuing and managing digital certificates in an efficient and reliable manner and a registration process which ensures that only correct data is sealed into the certificate and is under the control of the certificate issuing organization..
	www.swisssign.com /products/outsourcing_de.php (703 words)

	Building the Digital Identity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Digital signatures may also be used to encrypt documents so that they may only be unlocked and read by someone with the correct key.
		Having sung the praises of establishing digital identities, what I don't want to see is the usual mish-mash of stovepipe technological implementations sprouting in every corner of cyberspace.
		However, as we are at the dawn of the digital civilization, we have a unique opportunity to shape the development of this technology and prevent the crippling stovepipes inherent in many of our legacy systems.
	www.chips.navy.mil /archives/99_oct/digitalid.htm (3881 words)

	Grounds for Identity \| Linux Journal
		Identity became a hot topic last year, but it won't truly matter until it becomes the focus of a serious open-source project.
		The digital identity relationship to be managed here is between fred and his bank; I hope you do not want that to be fleeting.
		Digital identity is a very complex issue, and should not be trivialized to the level of using a cash card to buy a book from Amazon.com...............
	www.linuxjournal.com /article/6382 (2351 words)

	Digital Certificate
		Digital certificates ensure that a program is from a legitimate source and that it contains the specific data that it claims.
		Certificate authorities are companies that offer certification services that verify the identity of both the client and the server.
		Most digital certificate providers follow the DSS (Digital Signature Standard) that is based on a public key encryption method known as DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm).
	www.infoweblinks.com /content/digitalcertificate.htm (402 words)

	Roger Clarke's 'PKI as Mis-Fit'
		Digital signatures do little, however, unless a substantial 'public key infrastructure' (PKI) is in place to provide a basis for believing that the signature means something of significance to the relying party.
		The position being promoted is for the alleged signatory to have the onus of proof in establishing that he or she did not digitally sign a given document.
		For example, Maurer (1996) highlights the fragility of the assumption that the determination of trust is deterministic and computable on the basis of certificates, and discusses the alternative of a probabilistic approach to the problem.
	www.anu.edu.au /people/Roger.Clarke/II/PKIMisFit.html (7935 words)

	Digital Certificate Log
		A certificate is revoked if it is suspected that the private key has fallen into the hands of someone other than the rightful owner or if the certificate was obtained fraudulently.
		Before requesting the test certificate it is necessary to obtain the test server CA root certificate from verisign as a binary file and install it as a CA certificate using authstore for JWSDept.
		A single certificate can open up access to multiple web services but users should store their certificate and private key encrypted on their network disk drive and so a pass word or pass phrase is needed.
	www.personal.leeds.ac.uk /~ecldh/lurcis/certs/DigCert.html (2912 words)

	Certificate authority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A CA's in such schemes is to check an identity so that users can trust certificates by that CA to belong to the identified in it along with the data it (as most usually a public key) and not to an imposter.
		It is this vouching aspect of the of a certificate authority which can present If in the actual workings of the an error is made any user who on the claimed connection between the data a public key) and the person/company it to may have considerable troubles.
		A point of several of the statutes that been enacted regarding digital signatures has been to protect CA companies the liability they potentially face if the they issue are found to be in
	www.freeglossary.com /Certificate_authority (561 words)

	Appreciation Certificates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A certificate, in addition to certifying that someone has passed a test or reached a specific standard of knowledge may alsobe the name of an actual award.
		For example, in Ireland, the National Certificate (which is soon to be replaced by the "HigherCertificate".) In Australia, a certificate is a qualification offered by a university or other higher education provider which isshorter than a degree or diploma.
		These have the titles Certificate (at an undergraduate level), Graduate Certificate (at anundergraduate level, but requiring the completion of a prior undergraduate degree for admission) and Postgraduate Certificate (ata postgraduate level).
	www.cabaret-54.com /dust42764-appreciation%20certificates.html (456 words)

	eGovernment Glossar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A digital certificate is an electronic "credit card" that establishes your credentials when doing business or other transactions on the Web.
		A digital certificate is an electronic "credit card" (digital passport, an Internet ID) that establishes your credentials when doing business or other transactions on the Web.
		It contains your name, a serial number, expiry dates, a copy of the certificate holder's public key (used for encrypting messages and digital signatures) (see Public Key Infrastructure), and the digital signature of the certificate-issuing authority so that a recipient can verify that the certificate is real.
	glossar.iwv.ch /content.asp?id=65&sprache=en (102 words)

	SSL Certificate Free SSL Secure Server Certificate Branded SSL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Identity theft is a possibility with todays Smartcard technology
		Comodo, recognized as a leader for the creation of digital identity services and secure business critical infrastructure solutions will present some details of why today's Smartcard technology is susceptible to side channel leakage.
		There is a distinct possibility of identity theft of any individual or organisation - A major concern for the immediate future as the popularity of Smartcard related solutions gains momentum.
	www.instantssl.com /ssl-certificate-news/ssl-130204.html (430 words)

	Digital Certificate Logon
		Client certificate logon is the next generation of access to web sites and networks.
		Because tokens are physical devices, similar to ATM cards, as long as the user has the token, they can rest assured that only they have the ability to authorize the transaction.
		Digital Signatures and encryption are supported through the Microsoft Crypto Service Provider (CSP) and PKCS#11 interface allowing access to many standard Windows applications without modification.
	www.idexsys.com /certificate_summary.htm (389 words)

	Identity, Authentication & Digital Certificates
		Digital authentication systems are expected to become an essential part of doing business via the Internet.
		Based on a range of encryption techniques, digital signature systems allow people and organizations to electronically certify such features as their identity, their ability to pay, or the authenticity of an electronic document.
		Policies governing the collection of information for digital signatures, and the architecture and legal liabilities associated with these technologies, raise important privacy and consumer protection issues.
	www.cdt.org /digsig (783 words)

	Wave Systems Corp.
		``Businesses are in dire need of standards like the digital certificate programs sponsored by the American Bankers Association and the Mortgage Bankers Association of America for verifying and guaranteeing the identity of the person or entity in an online transaction,'' said Bob Lonadier, president and CEO of RCL and Associates.
		The TrustID Certificate Policy provides the foundation for truly interoperable digital identity credentials, giving institutions and businesses, their constituencies and their business partners one universally accepted digital certificate that simplifies and streamlines their e-business processes and transactions, making them trusted and secure.
		Acting as the trusted third party, DST provides managed digital certificate services so businesses can integrate digital signatures into their e-business applications quickly and efficiently, virtually eliminating the risk of identity fraud.
	www.wave.com /news/press_archive/02/020220trustid.html (708 words)

	glossary - digital certificate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A digital certificate is a password-protected file that includes a variety of information: the name and email address of the certificate holder, an encryption key that can be used to verify the digital signature of the holder, the name of the company issuing the certificate, and the period during which the certificate is valid.
		These certificates can be used as online identification, much in the same way a driver's license can verify your identity in the physical world.
		If an email message or order form comes through with an attached digital certificate, the recipient can be more confident that the document is genuine.
	www.antic.org /pgp/digitalcertificate.htm (171 words)

	Certificate authority - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A CA is usually a company that, for a fee, will issue a public_key_certificate which states that the CA attests that the public_key contained in the certificate belongs to the 'owner' noted in the certificate.
		A CA's obligation in such schemes is to check an applicant's identity, so that users can trust certificates issued by that CA to belong to the people identified in it along with the data in it (as most usually, a public_key), and not to an imposter.
		In large-scale deployments Alice may not be familiar with Bob's certificate authority (perhaps they each have a different CA computer), so Bob's certificate may also include his CA's public key signed by a "higher level" CA2, which is presumably recognizable by Alice.
	www.indexsuche.com /Certificate_authority.html (492 words)

	E-Signatures and Security - Page 1 of 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Each signer's digital certificate (or digital identity) is referenced in his or her ePersona file.
		The digital certificate can be issued by any third-party Certificate Authority supporting the x.509 v3 standard, or self-issued using the set of security services that ships with all MicrosoftÂ® WindowsÂ® 98 or higher operating systems.
		If no third-party digital certificate is detected when the ePersona file is created, Silanis' solution will generate an x.509 v3 digital certificate using MicrosoftÂ® Crypto APIÂ®.
	www.silanis.com /print.aspx?file_id=1056 (366 words)

	Creating a Digital ID - Requesting a Public Certificate
		First, you need to obtain your own certificate so that others will be able to verify your signature when you send digitally signed messages, as well as to encrypt data for you when they want to send you encrypted messages.
		Verisign: Verisign will give you one free certificate that is good for 60 days, after which time you must pay to renew.
		Because of the pervasiveness and zero cost of Thawte certificates, it is often a popular choice.
	www.entourage.mvps.org /smime/create.html (540 words)

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