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Topic: Digital reproduction

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Ryuichi Abe

	CTheory.net
		Digital reproduction then becomes not only an inherent characteristic of digital objects, it is also their means to effective immortality.
		In contrast to the mechanical reproduction, the digital reproduction is a multi-valent object.
		The independence of digital works from their physical presentation is connected to the contingency of both the right to read a digital file and technological basis of digital (re)production.
	www.ctheory.net /articles.aspx?id=519 (4984 words)

	Analog-cum-digital video recording and reproducing device - Patent 5548410 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The digital signal output part 11 processes the digital reproduction signals selected at, and received from, the output signal selection part 10 suitably to display on a monitor and presents the selected signals to the monitor.
		If it is digital signal reproduction, the control part 14 controls the output signal selection part 10 to be switched to the digital reproduction signal processing part 9 and the digital signal output part 11.
		The outputs of the reproduced signals are processed at the digital reproduction signal processing part 9 and applied to the digital signal output part 11 through the output signal selection part 10 for processing suitably for displaying on the monitor.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5548410.html (4396 words)

	The Work of Art in the Age of Digital Reproduction \| makeworlds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Even the most perfect reproduction of a work of art is lacking in one element: its presence in time and space, its unique existence at the place where it happens to be.
		One might subsume the eliminated element in the term »aura« and go on to say: that which withers in the age of digital reproduction is the aura of the work of art.
		An analysis of art in the age of digital reproduction must do justice to these relationships, for they lead us to an all-important insight: For the first time in world history, digital reproduction emancipates the work of art from its parasitical dependence on ritual.
	www.makeworlds.org /node/113 (2130 words)

	Educational Fair Use Guidelines for Digital Images
		For example, a digital image of a painting may have been scanned from a slide, which was copied from a published book that contained a printed reproduction of the work of art; this reproduction may have been made from a color transparency photographed directly from the original painting.
		A published reproduction is a reproduction of an original visual image appearing in a work distributed in copies and made available to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending.
		An educational institution may digitize newly, lawfully, acquired analog visual images to support the permitted educational uses under these guidelines unless such images are readily available in usable digital form for purchase or license at a fair price.
	www.utsystem.edu /ogc/intellectualproperty/imagguid.htm (3672 words)

	RLG DigiNews: Volume 5, Number 4
		In the early days of digitization, as leaders at Cornell, the University of Michigan, the Library of Congress and elsewhere started building online collections, they began to realize how much their individual collections could be enhanced if they were made interoperable with others.
		Given the nature of rare and early printed materials and the use to which their preservation digital masters may be put, a case can be made for setting a benchmark minimum resolution at 600 dpi, but 600 dpi may be expensive with little to no appreciable gain in information capture.
		In these digital repositories, each archival document was treated as a separate entity and basic descriptive metadata elements such as title, author, and date were given for each item.
	www.rlg.org /preserv/diginews/diginews5-4.html (7804 words)

	DIGITAL ART REPRODUCTION GROWS
		The retail value of digital art prints in the U.S. was almost $230 million in 2000 and growing at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of two percent, according to I.T. Strategies (Hanover, MA).
		Once the image is digitized, it can also be ported to ancillary products, such as home furnishings, apparel and promotional products, as well as printing and publishing applications.
		This is followed by desktop color laser printers, with $10 million in revenues in 2000 (growing to $51 million by 2005), and by digital presses, with 2000 revenues of about $1 million growing to almost $4 million by 2005.
	americanprinter.com /mag/printing_digital_art_reproduction (252 words)

	Adaptive sync protection method in digital reproduction systems and apparatus therefor - Patent 5848218 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Therefore, when the channel reproduction characteristic is varied due to various reasons such as servo, tracking, a thermal noise of a circuit generated during processing of a reproduction signal, and so on, before or after generation of the sync signal, the detection position of the sync data is wrongly predicted.
		The present invention recognizes the reproduction characteristics of a channel based on the number of generation of the error-sync and sync missing occurrences, and adjusts the number of the sync data to be detected to generate a sync signal.
		3, a demodulator 31 demodulates a digital reproduction signal received from a head (not shown) and outputs a bitstream of the demodulated signal to a sync detector 33.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5848218.html (4563 words)

	Digital Audio Reproduction
		However, since the signal is still digital, it may be convenient at this point to use some digital filtering mechanisms before we pass is on to the digital-to-analog converter.
		So what our oversampling digital filter does first is resamples, inserting a extra few samples in between each sample that we have a value for, and attributes a value of zero to those extra samples.
		In general however, DACs tend to work by considering the n bits of a digital word (considering n-bit resolution), and by means of a clever circuit, convert the bits into a voltage that is proportional to the value of the word.
	www.cs.mcgill.ca /~mwozni/DigAudio_reproduction.html (1330 words)

	Ch 15 Digital Reproduction
		The playback of the digital audio is basically a reverse of the process of recording digital audio.
		The reproduction process fortunately takes this into account and is prepared to fix any errors caused by the storage medium.
		As the DAC turns digital words into voltage, one of the bits of one word may change too early.
	csunix1.lvc.edu /~snyder/3ch15.html (943 words)

	SNAP April 2004: Digital image reproduction
		The LCD display on the later digital cameras, coupled with the histogram and the saturated highlights indicator, make it easier to determine where tones are falling on the curve.
		There should also be open dialog between the two departments to ensure accurate reproduction of the digital camera images.
		Digital images tend to develop heavy midtone areas after highlight and shadow placement.
	www.newsandtech.com /issues/2004/04-04/pt/04-04_snap_april.htm (1675 words)

	Realistic Tone Reproduction for Digital Imaging
		The goal of realistic tone reproduction is to have the display observer have the same visual experience as the scene observer, producing a visual match between the scene and the display.
		To achieve this, a tone reproduction operator is introduced that maps from scene intensities to display intensities with the goal of producing an image that captures the appearance of the scene.
		Finally, beyond the clear application of this work to the problem of realistic tone reproduction, the visual models we are developing are general and can be usefully applied to a variety of other important problems in digital imaging including: image quality metrics; image coding and compression methods; perceptually-based rendering; and advanced display system design.
	www.graphics.cornell.edu /~jaf/projects/tone_rep/tone_rep.htm (950 words)

	Genesis Giclee art reproduction and digital reproduction
		We provide Giclee art reproduction using a 1400 dpi (dots per inch) printer that uses a long life wide gamut pigment based ink.
		Digital image editing gives unprecedented control over the final image.
		The print is much closer to the original than any other reproduction method.
	www.art2.com /giclee_genesis.html (611 words)

	Visual signs in the age of digital reproduction
		By engendering ever new tokens, mechanical reproduction effectively reduces all tokens to their type, destroying the uniqueness of the characters of human history, and their infinitely ineffable creations, the nimbus of individual creation in its hic et nunc.
		Yet mechanical reproduction presupposes there to be an individual object to reproduce in the first place: a chirographic or photographic original, a first token which creates the type from which further tokens are derived.
		In verbal language, on the other hand, the type seemingly pre-exist to all its tokens, and this is also true, at least in some cases, of computer images: those which are combinations of standardised picture-elements, as well as those which are produced from mathematical algorithms.
	www.arthist.lu.se /kultsem/sonesson/PhotoPost.html (3342 words)

	[No title]
		Digital reproduction of Venice 1565 edition in Gallica, Bibliothèque nationale de France.
		Digital reproduction of manuscript Clm 29434(1 in Bayerische Staatsbibliotek, München.
		Digital reproduction of Florence 1477 edition in Gallica, Bibliothèque nationale de France.
	www.helsinki.fi /~pakarkka/medievalpsychology.html (503 words)

	Escrapbooking: Primary Sources: Digital Reproduction
		A digital reproduction is an electronic version of an artifact such as a diary, letter, newspaper clipping, object, or original photograph.
		Digital reproduction allows the original to be stored, protected, and preserved, while making the resource widely available for study.
		For example, the article on the right is a digital reproduction of a newspaper article.
	escrapbooking.com /primarysources/reproduction.htm (900 words)

	Digital Reproduction
		Our reproduction options allow us to print from your computer files or from hard copies.
		It includes fl toner to the three basic colors of magenta, yellow and cyan to add both depth and fullness to images and ensures a clear reproduction of text and other fl images.
		This digital technology gives us the freedom to manipulate the size and shape of your image while maintaining perfect clarity.
	www.germantowncopy.com /Digital_Reproduction.html (227 words)

	PHOTOGRAPHIC LABORATORY AND DIGITAL REPRODUCTION
		The acquisition process is now entirely digital, even though there is the possibility of generating reproduction on microfilm, starting from this format.
		Subsequently, it is possible to automatically transfer the digital photograms onto microfilm and/or onto a 35mm/6x7 slide film.
		The procedure that allows the transfer of a digital picture onto a film is carried out by a digital microfilm recorder.
	asv.vatican.va /en/lab/fotograf.htm (506 words)

	DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Drum scans and flat bed scans are employed depending on the original supplied and the final reproduction required.
		A digital image (from the scan) may be repaired, restored or enhanced in full or in part.
		Typically, an 8x10” color photographic print is made from a file 9.2mb in size at 200ppi or 36.6mb at 400ppi (pixels per inch) resulting in a continuous tone image.
	www.photodigital.com /printer.asp?ID=3 (212 words)

	Toronto Public Library > Special Services > Photographic and Digital Reproduction Services
		Due to renovation, digital reproduction services for oversized collections are not available, April 15 - May 15, 2005.
		All responsibility related to copyright issues that may arise in the subsequent use or reproduction of the photographic or digital product is assumed by the customer.
		Digital orders are normally completed within five working days of receipt.
	www.tpl.toronto.on.ca /spe_ser_photo.jsp (480 words)

	Library of Congress and Ameritech Competition (1996-1999): Resources for Applicants -- Digital Formats for Content ...
		The Library has not had extensive experience using this format to reproduce historical collections; archives wishing to produce collections that are interoperable with those at the Library of Congress and who plan to use PDF must be capable of helping to guide their implementation.
		For this reason, the digital audio formats suitable for the WWW are less stable than those for text and pictorial images; computer-digital audio files produced today are likely to become obsolete with dismaying speed.
		The digital moving-image formats suitable for the WWW are less stable than those for text and pictorial images and are destined for obsolescence.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/formats.html (4460 words)

	Publication and Digital Reproduction Policy and Procedures
		No fees are charged by Columbia for the quotation of limited amounts of textual material, from works held by the Libraries in books, articles or other scholarly works in all formats, although a citation should include the source text and the name of the holding library.
		The reproduction of whole or nearly whole works in any format can be arranged, providing current copyright laws are respected.
		Fees for such use must be negotiated with the holding library and may include royalties or other appropriate forms of compensation.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/lweb/services/preservation/publicationsPolicy.html (871 words)

	Rhythm in the Age of Digital Reproduction
		A main question, therefore, is to what extent and in what ways changes in rhythm and sound in the computer based groove oriented music of the 1990s may be related to developments in digital music technology.
		The project is an extension and expansion of the second part of post doctor Anne Danielsen's former project ‘The work of art in the age of digital reproduction—a study in technology, tradition and aesthetics in computer-based African-American music'.
		The use of digital music technology in contemporary groove oriented music is an almost unexplored field of research.
	www.hf.uio.no /forskning/rhythm/prosjektbeskrivelse.html (792 words)

	Photographic Tone Reproduction for Digital Images
		A classic photographic task is the mapping of the potentially high dynamic range of real world luminances to the low dynamic range of the photographic print.
		This tone reproduction problem is also faced by computer graphics practitioners who must map digital images to a low dynamic range print or screen.
		The resulting algorithm is simple and is shown to produce good results for the wide variety of images that we have tested.
	www.cs.bris.ac.uk /Publications/pub_info.jsp?id=2000475 (134 words)

	Essemel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Digital reproduction of original painting - Acrylic on canvas 30" x 20".
		Digital reproduction of original painting - Acrylic on canvas 36" x 30".
		Digital reproduction of original painting - Acrylic on canvas 24" x 18".
	www.photoboxgallery.com /essemel (304 words)

	digital reproduction
		Phillips Photographic has invested in the latest Digital Photographic equipment to provide an additional service to new and existing clients.
		Our Digital Services personnel will be pleased to answer any questions you have.
		Recently launched, Phillips' Digital Photographic Prints (DPP) from disk provides the cross-over from digital technology to traditionally presented photographic prints and transparencies.
	www.phillips-photo.com /main/digitalreproduct.html (113 words)

	SSRN-Religious Experience in the Age of Digital Reproduction by Frederick Gedicks, Roger Hendrix
		On the other hand, the appropriation and portrayal of religious experience by mass culture may be the inevitable and desirable effect of a postmodern digitized world.
		The digital revolution has served up an inexhaustible supply of religious information and images, stimulating individuals to an awareness of spiritual choices and possibilities that were unimaginable only a generation ago.
		The combination of vast information about diverse religious experiences made accessible by the digital revolution, and epistemological uncertainty brought on by contemporary postmodern sensibilities, has moved religious experience beyond the control of denominational and institutional religion, to the control of the masses.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=556661 (537 words)

	Introductory information about Limited Edition Digital Printing Reproduction
		The first part of the digital printing process is the “input”, this includes the capture of the image by either scanning directly from the original, scanning a color transparency or starting the process from a supplied digital file.
		The editing phase of the digital reproduction process begins when the image file is converted to go to print and color adjustments are made to achieve the look, feel, and intent of the original painting\source.
		The output phase in the limited edition reproduction process is where the final prints are produced.
	www.harvestpro.com /newartistpublisher.htm (231 words)

	Rabbi Holding the Torah - Digital Reproduction Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		of the seven stages in the 'conventional' art reproduction process can degrade the final image but, by employing the latest digital imaging and printing technologies, we have been able to eliminate image degradation altogether.
		Only once we were certain that every single detail of the original painting had been captured successfully, was the image then stored on high-quality CD as non-degradable digital data.
		The original painting was then used as the key reference to adjust each aspect of its digital counterpart and this, now completely accurate data, was then sent to the digital press to create our beautiful rabbipic.com prints.
	www.rabbipic.com /process.htm (288 words)

	MonkeyPuzzle § Digital Art Reproduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Monkey Puzzle Repro Art reproduces artwork and photographs on to fine art paper and canvas as giclee prints, using ultrachrome pigment inks.
		Artwork reproduction includes photography and scanning, and accurate colour matching.
		We also generate publicity for artists and print art cards, flyers, leaflets and point-of-sale displays using a state-of-the-art digital press.
	www.monkeypuzzleart.co.uk (103 words)

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