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Topic: Digital sampling

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Sampler (musical instrument)

Sampling (music)

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	Sampling (music) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sampling is also possible with tape loops or with vinyl records on a phonograph.
		Ironically, the sample in question had been so distorted as to be virtually unrecognisable, and SAW didn't realize their record had been used until they heard co-producer Dave Dorrell mention it in a radio interview.
		In the user interface of application software, samples are often used as startup sounds which are heard in conjunction with a splash screen or as audio cues to alert the user to events such as the receipt of email or the recording of a transaction, for example.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sampling_(music) (3602 words)

	Digital sampling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Digital sampling, PCM sampling, or just sampling is the process of representing a signal waveform as a series of numbers which represent the measurement of the sound's amplitude, taken at regular intervals.
		Sampling produces a series of values which may be represented in various ways - the output from the process can be a series of analog pulses (Pulse-height modulation) or a series of fixed amplitude pulses (Pulse position modulation or Pulse-width modulation.
		In digital sampling, the accuracy of the resulting waveform is also affected by the stepwise nature of the digitising process, resulting in what is referred to as 'Quantisation error.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Digital_sampling (654 words)

	Digital Sampling, the Mimetic Impulse and Appropriation in Modern Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		While a sample is a temporal sonic event, it is also an image, an object--fluid as binary information and as a sound, and fixed in the medium of a compact disc, sampling instrument or the hard drive of a computer.
		Samples of ambient stage, radio and field recordings were combined using indeterminate chance operations as the basis for the composition; all the sounds of life become music.
		Sampling, and what is sampled (prerecorded music, nature sounds, noise, etc.) is linked to the long-standing artistic tradition of mimesis and to the Modernist idea of appropriation.
	www.nothing.org /osc/SamplingMimeticImpulseAppropriation.htm (2970 words)

	Repetitive digital sampling circuit using two delay lines for improved time accuracy - Patent 5578917
		A digital sampling circuit of claim 1 wherein said device under test comprises a two terminal device wherein said stimulus pulse is coupled to a terminal and said response signal is received from another terminal.
		A digital sampling circuit of claim 1 wherein said device under test comprises a one terminal device wherein said stimulus pulse is coupled to a terminal and said response signal is received from said terminal.
		The composite sample 230 is calculated as the sum of eight digital sample values collected and the composite measurement value is then stored in the memory location in the acquisition memory 40 corresponding to the selected point of 12 nanoseconds.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5578917.html (5762 words)

	Digital Sampling
		Sampled artists may also have a claim for unfair competition if their voice or "persona" are used without permission.
		To legally sample a song, it is necessary to obtain permission from the copyright holder of the sound recording (usually the record company) and the copyright holder of the composition (usually the song's publisher).
		While a sample of 1 or 2 notes is OK only if it is taken from a non-essential or commonly used phrase, another sample of 1 or 2 notes may be infringing if taken from a musically significant part of a song.
	www.alankorn.com /articles/sampling.html (1044 words)

	Digital sampling instrument - Patent 4987600
		Digital sampling keyboard instruments are known in the prior art to provide accurate generation of virtually any sound, such as piano, (violin or any other type of sound, for that matter).
		Another approach is to oversample the digital samples, which in effect divides up a pitch period (such as a pitch period of 50 microseconds) into a smaller number of subperiods.
		The instrument also includes means for accessing the digital sound data within a single clock cycle which is one-fourth as long as a memory cycle, and means for outputting the accessed digital data to, for example, a digital to analog converter means for generating an audio sound within the single clock cycle.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4987600.html (3416 words)

	ipedia.com: Digital sampling Article
		Digital sampling is the recording, playback, looping and editing of sound in a musical context using a computer to convert the sound into a series of numbers representing the measurement of the amplit...
		Digital sampling is the recording, playback, looping and editing of sound in a musical context using a computer to convert the sound into a series of numbers representing the measurement of the amplitude of the sound.
		The measurement or "sample" is taken at a regular interval.
	www.ipedia.com /digital_sampling.html (182 words)

	Digital Sampling
		I finally figured out that my mikes were not adequate and new ones were too expensive, the sampling rates on the Ensoniq were too low and the filters not sharp enough to prevent aliasing in the samples at their sampling rates.
		I had a recent experience with a virgin Wulritzer Dulciana where the samples of 4 of the pipes I had chosen had a 3rd harmonic content that was greater than the fundamental.
		The differences I have seen in the samples seem to be a function of the length of the pipe.
	www.lostprovince.com /PTOS/digital_sampling_.html (3580 words)

	Digital Sampling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		We've learned so far that sound in it's natural form is continuous since it is composed of waves of changing air pressure, yet since we are talking about digital audio, we must understand methods for the discretization of sound so that we may store it in a digital form.
		The transform takes n samples and considers them as one period of a periodic signal, and since periodic signals can be broken down into a harmonic set of waves each with individual amplitudes and phases, this is what we do.
		We consider the n samples in our time domain and treat each as a harmonic that is as well one element of the space we are to transform to.
	www.cs.mcgill.ca /~mwozni/DigAudio_sampling.html (1089 words)

	Chapter 11 sampling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In digital audio, the purpose of binary numbers is to express the values of samples which represent analog sound velocity or pressure waveforms.
		While sampling technology has been available for a long time, only in the last decade has the speed of computers and availability of cost effective hardware made sampling with digital recorders the standard in the industry.
		High sample rates are better at capturing high frequency waveforms, but if you are sampling lower frequency sounds, such as kick drum, bass, etc., you might consider sampling at the lower rate to save hard drive space.
	csunix1.lvc.edu /~snyder/2ch11.html (1616 words)

	Secrets of Home Theater and High Fidelity Volume 1, 1994 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The job of the DAC is to connect the samples together end to end in order to produce a smooth representation of the musical waveform, sort of like connecting the dots to make a picture in the coloring books we used as children.
		Currently, when you watch a movie on laserdisc, the stereo sound is carried on the digital sound tracks, while the two analog sound tracks multiplexed with the video are used for commentary by actors and the director of the movie, or simply a duplication of the sound from the digital tracks.
		Dolby Digital is referred to as a 5.1 channel system, which means that there are 5 discrete (separate) channels of surround sound and 1 channel for a subwoofer or possibly special effects.
	www.hometheaterhifi.com /volume_1_1/v1n1cds.html (4834 words)

	OLYMPUS MIC-D: Interactive Java Tutorial - Digital Image Sampling Frequency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The spatial resolution of a digital image is determined by the distance between pixels, known as the sampling interval, and the accuracy of the digitizing device.
		According to Shannon's sampling theorem, in order to preserve the spatial resolution of the original image, the digitizing device must utilize a sampling interval that is no greater than one-half the size of the smallest resolvable feature of the optical image.
		A digitizer that samples 512 points per horizontal scan line would then have a maximum horizontal field of view of approximately 56 micrometers (512 x 0.11 micrometers).
	www.mic-d.com /java/digitalimaging/samplingfrequency/index.html (699 words)

	Analog to Digital Conversion: Sampling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		There are two factors which determine the accuracy with which the digital sequence of values captures the original continuous signal: the maximum rate at which we sample, and the number of bits used in each sample.
		The raw (un-compressed) digital data rate associated with a signal then is simply the sample rate times the number of bits per sample.
		When the sample rate is much lower than the highest frequency in the continuosu signal, a band-pass filter which only allows frequencies in the range actually needed, is usally put before the sampling circuit.
	www.cs.ucl.ac.uk /staff/jon/mmbook/book/node96.html (237 words)

	Low-Cost Digital Demodulator
		The digital sampling demodulator shown in Figure 3 is capable of recovering the baseband I and Q components.
		Where T is the sampling period and nth component in the frequency domain occurs at a multiple of the sampling frequency.
		Because the sample clock harmonics fall directly at the intermediate frequency, it can be tricky to suppress them and they may cause interference with the I.F. Orthogonal sampling is also sensitive to signal distortion because of the correlated nature of the sample timing.
	www.aomwireless.com /dif/fm_vr4.htm (2539 words)

	Digital sampling -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		The fact that samples of a continually varying wave may be used to represent that wave relies on the assumption that the wave is constrained in its rate of variation.
		A sound waveform from a microphone or tape recorder can be digitized, or converted to a sequence of numbers that is the digital representation of the waveform.
		Instruments that enable a musician to digitize a sound waveform and then process it and play it back under musical control are called sampling instruments.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9311015 (726 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Digital Image Processing - Digital Image Sampling Frequency - Interactive Java ...
		In cases where pixels generated by the digitizer are spaced too far apart compared to the high-frequency detail of the image, this specimen information may then masquerade as lower spatial frequency image features that are not actually present in the specimen.
		Aliasing is a peculiar phenomenon that occurs abruptly when the sampling frequency drops below a critical level and can result in the generation of moiré patterns in specimens with regularly spaced, repetitive patterns, such as those seen in the diatoms illustrated in Figure 1.
		In most cases aliasing suddenly develops at a sampling frequency less than or equal to about 1.5 times that of the repetitive, high-frequency pattern, as observed in the figure.
	www.olympusmicro.com /primer/java/digitalimaging/processing/samplefrequency (962 words)

	UncertaintyAnalyzer Measurement Uncertainty Analysis Software - Digital Sampling Uncertainty Worksheet
		Estimating digital sampling uncertainty involves defining a representative "signal" to be sampled and specifying a sampling rate, a sampling aperture time, a quantization precision (sampling full scale and significant bits), an impulse response and hysteresis, a sampling noise level, and a sensor bias uncertainty.
		Estimating measurement uncertainty due to digital sampling also involves deciding on a model or methodology for eventual conversion of digitized data back to analog values.
		The Digital Sampling Information section of the Worksheet identifies sampling uncertainty error sources for estimating the total digital sampling uncertainty.
	www.isgmax.com /unc_screens/unc_digital_sampling.htm (292 words)

	TechOnLine - Multi-Channel Digital Conversion of Audio Sampling Rates
		Output samples are calculated using difference equations, which utilize the up- and down-sampling and the filtering in-between.
		These factors are equal to the least common multiple of a pair of sampling rates, divided by the respective rate of this pair.
		In our algorithm, input samples received from the HPI and output samples transferred to the BSP (after conversion to Format 5 of the CS4226 crystal converter) are organized in blocks of 16-bit samples with length 60.
	www.techonline.com /community/ed_resource/feature_article/14778 (1026 words)

	Yamaha SREV1 Digital Sampling Reverb
		A dry audio source can then effectively be placed in that room by repeating each incoming sample of the source at the precise arrival times and amplitudes of each of the reflections in the room.
		The samples of The Cathedral of St. John The Divine, with its six-second reverb time, were very convincing, even while A/B-ing against a remote recording I made there recently.
		In a sense, this is equivalent to four different mono reverbs as sampled from the perspective of each corner of the room.
	www.proaudioreview.com /march02/yamaha.shtml (1769 words)

	GBDSO Digital Sampling Oscilloscope
		Once captured the sampled data is displayed using a standard oscilloscope 10 by 8 screen format that is designed to maximise screen use.
		The number of samples captured per scan may be set to either 240 or 600 points per channel allowing the visible screen window to be moved relative to the initial trigger.
		Sampling of the two input channels occurs simultaneously accept for the 10,5uS/DIV ranges when the channels are sampled on alternate traces relative to the trigger (alternate mode).
	www.semis.demon.co.uk /Gameboy/DsoDemo/DsoDemo.htm (521 words)

	More on digital sampling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In that the sampled sounded is a constant and does not change...in other words it is always the same "sound" it may be softer or louder or it may be attacked strongly or moderately...it makes no difference it is still the same 'sound'...
		Each time a note on a (good, current) digital piano is struck, the processor reads the vecocity of that key strike as a number between 0 and 127 (including zero gives 128), recalling a volume level and an appropriate sample to send to the speakers.
		I'm just alerting the list to the fact that those digital piano manufacturers truly in search of the best way to attempt to reproduce a piano are considering everything they can, including issues such as those addresses here.
	www.ptg.org /pipermail/pianotech/1999-November/054352.html (333 words)

	Hall Piano Company - Digital Pianos
		In 1983, when Kurzweil unveiled the world's first digital sampling keyboard with built-in sounds, the music industry was astounded by its ability to emulate piano, strings, drums, choirs and other acoustic instruments with extraordinary accuracy.
		From the invention of sampling to the present day, Kurzweil's name has remained synonymous with the finest sounds available.
		But most of all, you'll be impressed by the sheer quality of the instrument: from Kurzweil's critically-acclaimed sampled sounds - sounds upon which our company's entire heritage and professional reputation have been based - to the clear, powerful, custom-designed sound system that is a unique and integral part of every Mark Series piano.
	www.hallpiano.com /HALLPIANO/digital.html (480 words)

	Tektronix: Products > 8200 Series Sampling Oscilloscopes - CSA8200 Communications Signal Analyzer * TDS8200 Digital ...
		The 80C12 module is a broad wavelength (700 to 1650 nm), single mode/multi mode, multi-rate, high sensitivity optical sampling module optimized for the testing of telecom and datacom signals.
		The 80E02 is a dual-channel 12.5 GHz sampling module specifically designed for low-noise measurements in digital communications and device characterization applications.
		IConnect S-parameters is the efficient and easy-to-use tool for digital designers, operating at gigabit speeds, to perform single-ended, differential, and mixed mode S-parameter measurements of their interconnects, measure insertion loss, return loss, and frequency domain crosstalk, and conduct interconnect electrical compliance testing.
	www.tek.com /site/ps/0,,85-17654-INTRO_EN,00.html (3352 words)

	5aMU3 Recent technical enhancements to the fundamental digital sampling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Recent technical enhancements to the fundamental digital sampling synthesizer with emphasis on vector synthesis, advanced vector synthesis, and wave sequencing.
		Sampling technology is the basis for the vast majority of the current generation of electronic musical synthesizers.
		Wave sequencing is a technique for sequencing a series of sampled waveforms in order to create complex timbers which evolve over time.
	www.auditory.org /asamtgs/asa92nwo/5aMU/5aMU3.html (195 words)

	115orig1
		Mixing a hunger for instant recognition with a disregard for copyright law, rappers are exploiting sophisticated electronics to lift drum beats, guitar riffs and vocal phrases from old songs and plunk them into their new works.
		Both sampling and rap are so popular that American lawyers are loading up their litigation bags to handle the potential barrage of copyright lawsuits.
		But the biggest source of this digital dredging is James Brown, now serving a six-year sentence in South Carolina for aggravated assault and failing to stop for police.
	faculty.uccb.ns.ca /philosophy/115/storage/115orig1.htm (4506 words)

	Tektronix: Products > Digital Sampling Oscilloscope - TDS8000B: Introduction
		Its multi-processor architecture, with dedicated per channel digital signal processors (DSP), guarantees the highest waveform acquisition rates regardless of the number of channels acquired or waveform processing done.
		The TDS8000B is built on Tektronix' sampling oscilloscope platform that combines familiar MS Windows-based PC technologies with world-class waveform acquisition technology.
		80C11 Multi-rate, Datacom and Telecom Optical Sampling Module - The 80C11 module is a long wavelength (1100 to 1650 nm) multi-rate optical sampling module optimized for testing 10 Gb/s datacom and telecom standard rates at 9.953, 10.3125, 10.51875, 10.664, 10.709, and 11.0957 Gb/s.
	www.tek.com /site/ps/0,,85-13553-INTRO_EN,00.html (1623 words)

	STMicroelectronics \| FM/AM DIGITAL IF SAMPLING PROCESSOR - TDA7580
		The fully digital hardware stereo decoder does all the signal processing necessary to demodulate an FM MPX signal which is prepared by the channel equalization algorithm in the digital IF sampling device.
		There is no need to explicitly configure the input and the output sample rates, as the ASRC solves this problem with an automatic Digital Ratio Locked Loop.
		An external digital Audio device is connected externally as a digital audio master, and the internal TDA7580 Sample Rate Converter is responsible for the conversion from internal 36kHz to the external Audio Rate.
	www.st.com /stonline/books/ascii/docs/8934.htm (4698 words)

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