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Topic: Digital switching

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	AllRefer.com - switch (Electrical Engineering) - Encyclopedia
		Ideally a switch offers a zero impedance to a current when it is closed, and it offers infinite impedance when open.
		Mechanical switches, which operate by moving contacts together and apart, are often classified by the number of connections they can make or break at once and the number of closed positions in which they can be placed.
		For many operations, as in computers and digital telecommunications, the operation of mechanical switches is too slow and transistors are used instead.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/switch.html (276 words)

	Digital switching system - Patent 4656621
		The switching system of claim 12 in which writing into and reading out of the message output array and writing into the message input array is performed in a fixed sequence while the reading out sequence of the message input array is varied in accordance with the desired interconnection of subscribers.
		The switching system of claim 15 in which the word format of the signalling output array comprises an L bit word, the first bit of which is always a zero.
		The switching system of claim 18 wherein the information to be transmitted from the subscribers is written in during one-half of a first transmission frame and the information to be transmitted to the subscribers is read out during another half of a second transmission frame.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4656621.html (12078 words)

	Multiport digital switching element - Patent 4201890
		A multiport switching element in accordance with claim 1 wherein said means responsive to said command signals includes control logic means responsive to said command signals for selecting ports such that said switching element is operable as either a single-sided switching element or as a multisided switching element within a switching network.
		Group switch 10 is modularly expandable either by increasing the number of planes to increase data traffic handling performance, or by increasing the number of stages of switching elements or the number of switching elements per stage to increase the number of terminals served by the group switch.
		A single-sided switch may be defined as a switching element having a plurality of ports of bidirectional transmission capability in which data received at any port may be switched to and transmitted by any port (either the same or other port of the switching element).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4201890.html (7445 words)

	Part 4 - Digital Inputs - Switching Circuits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Digital inputs are simple switching operations where a switch or contact is operated in a hazardous area and the on/off signal is sent back to the distributed control system (DCS).
		All digital inputs can be made safe with an isolated intrinsically safe relay, commonly referred to as a switch amplifier, which can drive DCS inputs or other electrical devices requiring more power.
		The barriers used for digital inputs are the same as used in analog inputs and digital outputs.
	www.crouse-hinds.com /CrouseHinds/resources/intrinsically_safe/techref/article4.cfm?CompanyID=1 (1189 words)

	ISDN training, ATM training and Broadband training - video course
		The switches are usually based on the same digital signals as the T1 and E1 transmission systems which means they switch the signals in eight bit groups of data equivalent to one voice sample.
		While the telephone companies were converting to digital switching and transmission, they also began to convert their method of providing network signaling.
		Second, the telephone switching systems used in long distance and end offices were converted from mechanical and analog switching to electronic digital switching.
	www.informationfactory.com /dig2sec1.htm (3609 words)

	STMicroelectronics \| M3488 DIGITAL SWITCHING MATRIX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A Digital Switching Matrix is a device which permits switching a certain number of signals among themselves.
		he signal to be digitalized is sampled every 125 ms, in other words, with a frequency equal to 8 KHz since, according to the Nyquist law, the sampling frequency must be greater or equal to twice the maximum frequency of the analog signal being sampled.
		Wanting, for example, to switch the V-24 from DCE1 to that of DTE4 is sufficient through the microprocessor sending to the M3488 instructions for connecting channels 0 and 1 of input 0 with channels 0 and 1 of output 7, channels 0 and 1 of input 7 with 0 and 1 of output 0.
	www.st.com /stonline/books/ascii/docs/1756.htm (7452 words)

	Digital Circuits and Transmission Services In-Depth © AA VERSTRAETE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		At each switching node, the circuit had to be demultiplexed into its constituent channels before calls could be switched onto the next leg of their journey.
		One, called a switched virtual circuit [SVC] is held until the connection is terminated by the transmission of a clear request packet which causes the erasure of all virtual circuit table entries related to that virtual circuit.
		LAN switches have been used to provide high speed physical LANS but these switches did not provide a means to partition the LAN into isolated segments in which each segment could restrict the broadcast baseband signal to its own group of attached nodes.
	www.smeal.psu.edu /misweb/datacomm/ID/WANCIRCS.HTM (6011 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Entertainment \| TV and Radio \| Digital switch on target says BBC
		These include improved marketing and communication of digital to unconverted households, the ease of recording from digital channels and the conversion of secondary TV sets.
		To date, digital television is available in more than 54% of homes with a significant contribution from Freeview, the BBC-backed digital service.
		Digital switch 'incentives' urged (06 Apr 04
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/entertainment/3659895.stm (334 words)

	Telstra ClassRoom - The Story of Digital Transmission and Data Communication - Section 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This meant that instead of having to duplicate the control mechanisms for each piece of switching equipment, as in older exchanges, electronic equipment supervised the switching and connected circuits as they were needed.
		This meant that no electromechanical switching devices would be used at all, and all calls would be connected and routed electronically by means of logical computer control, without the use of moving parts.
		This introduction of digital switching meant that PCM systems employing digital transmission could more easily be interfaced with the exchange.
	www.telstra.com.au /classroom/sec_1_7.htm (1142 words)

	LS100TM
		In the digital switching circuit mode, audio signal input at each line is routed through CODEC (coder/decoder) circuit where the signal goes through low-pass filter section and A/D converter.
		Then the digital value is transmitted to a common digital signal bus by time-division multiplexing method where each line in LS100TM is assigned a time-slot.
		In digital switching circuit mode, random noise generation is disabled in pseudo-line impairment mode.
	www.microseveninc.com /ls100tmbroc.htm (1764 words)

	Digital Amplifier - Switching amplifiers - PWM Amplifiers - ICEpower for High-End and Audio Loudspeaker Systems
		There is no fixed clock in the ICON amplifier like all other digital amplifiers, but you can say that the clock is always following the input signal with the speed of light to be optimum (the clock can not be better than the clock system used in the ICON amplifier).
		Therefore the ICON does not have any clock jitter problems, which is the problem of all other digital switching amplifiers in the world.
		You are very welcome to check the specifications and the prices of all other switching or digital amplifiers and you will know this is the best value for money amplifier in the world.
	www.av-reality.com /us_realitysa.htm (1649 words)

	Articles - MOSFET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The switch is turned on, and a channel has been created which allows current to flow between the drain and source.
		Another advantage of MOSFETs for digital switching is that the oxide layer between the gate and the channel prevents DC current from flowing through the gate, further reducing power consumption.
		The insulating oxide between the gate and channel effectively isolates a MOSFET in one logic state from earlier and consequent stages, which is vital because the gate of one MOSFET is usually driven by the output from a previous logic stage.
	www.zgrey.com /articles/MOSFET (2280 words)

	DRS Technologies Inc. - Digital Switching Matrix Model 1032
		The Model 1032 Digital Switch Matrix (DSM) is capable of connecting thirty-two channels of 16-bit data with clock differential ECL signals to any, or all, of the thirty-two output channels.
		The signals are routed differentially throughout the entire matrix in order to minimize the effects of signal cross talk and other abnormalities that could result in signal degradation.
		The output cards remove any data/clock skew caused by the crosspoint switches and sends the data as differential ECL to the output transition panels using the high-speed impedance-matched cable/connector assemblies.
	www.drs.com /products/index.cfm?gID=17&productID=414 (1018 words)

	Book Reviews
		During these years switching systems have gone through different stages of evolution, from manual to analog space-division systems and to modern digital switching offices with service integration.
		Space-division switching of signals in optical form and optical devices used in switching networks are described in Chapter 20.
		Digital Modulation Techniques is demonstrably, therefore, not the sort of book that gathers dust on a shelf, but one used as a tool by academics and practitioners in everyday communication systems engineering.
	www.comsoc.org /ci1/public/2001/jun/cibrev.html (2704 words)

	AT&T News Release, 1990-04-10, Free-space photonic digital switching fabric unveiled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A switching "fabric" is the part of the telecommunica- tions system that does the switching of voice, data or video from one place to another.
		The AT&T switching fabric is based on diffraction- limited optics, regenerative digital logic devices, differential digital signals, two-dimensional pixelated images, a fan-in and fan-out of two, and single wavelength operation.
		The S-SEED was invented in 1987 by Anthony Lentine and Scott Hinton, of the Photonic Switching Department, and David A.
	www.att.com /news/0490/900410.nsa.html (484 words)

	Digital Switching Term Paper Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Telephone switches, data switches, ATM switches, cellular or PCS switches, Cross-connect switches: You may consider their technology, economics, technical features, interconnection, expandability, accuracy in the presence of impairments, use in different specific applications, etc. Warning: do not write a general review of LANs of any type nor of X.25 packet switching technology.
		This is closely related to Frame Switching, Frame Relaying, Basket Switching, etc. Please do not write papers about standard packet switching such a s X.25, which is a subject more appropriate for another course.
		Some interesting examples of non-Poisson distributions are: all calls of equal length, or all calls of either one specific length or another, or calls evenly distributed in length between zero and T seconds maximum length.
	engr.smu.edu /~levine/ee8304/switsubj.html (1119 words)

	Digital Switching Systems
		Digital Switching Systems is the sales channel of DNA serving the marine and transportation markets.
		Although the initial material cost of the digital switching system exceeds that of discreet switches digital switching system customers must take into consideration the total cost of acquisition.
		Additionally, because the digital switching system is completely sealed and impervious to harsh environments, routine maintenance and warranty costs involving digital switching systems are greatly reduced.
	www.dnagroup.com /digital-switching-systems.htm (726 words)

	Live Switching With Digital Video Mixers
		This procedure has the advantage of planning each shot before it goes onto tape, thus providing the creativity that is often absent when you try to mix together the pre-recorded tapes from camcorders later on during editing.
		Unlike the old days (before digital mixers) where each camera involved had to be electronically synchronized to every other camera (genlocked), the modern-day digital mixers permit you to plug in any combination of consumer, industrial or broadcast cameras or camcorders.
		The recording VCRs hooked up to the output of the digital mixer was also placed in the record mode and left recording until the conclusion of the show.
	www.studio1productions.com /Articles/LiveSwitch.htm (3607 words)

	AT&T News Release, 1992-06-04, TELMEX awards $28.9 million digital switching contract to AT&T (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The contract calls for installation of AT&T's 5ESS(R) Switch, the most advanced digital switching system available today, which has the capacity to handle up to 900,000 local calls per hour while offering users new advanced services.
		The agreement announced today, the first time that TELMEX has awarded AT&T a switching contract, recognizes AT&T as a third supplier of digital switching for the network upgrade.
		It serves as a digital platform for many switching applications, including local and toll, international gateway, operator services, ISDN and intelligent network.
	www.att.com /news/0692/920604.nsa.html (384 words)

	HP Switching to digital
		But when a friend showed her how easy an HP digital camera was to use, she was hooked.
		Now anyone with a digital camera, computer, and printer has the equivalent of a color darkroom and photo lab in their own home or office.
		Explore the digital world in greater depth in digital photo myths debunked.
	www.homeandoffice.hp.com /hho/cache/886-0-0-39-121.html (924 words)

	DRS Technologies Inc. - Digital Switching Matrix Model 1064
		The Model 1064 Digital Switch Matrix (DSM) is capable of connecting 64 channels of 16-bit data with clock differential ECL signals to any, or all, of the 64 output channels.
		The 16-bit data, parity bit, and clock are re-registered and sent as differential ECL through the multi-layer backplane to nine multiplexer cards.
		The output cards remove any data/clock skew caused by the crosspoint switches and sends the data as differential ECL to the output transition panels using the high-speed cable/connector assemblies.
	www.drs.com /products/index.cfm?gID=17&productID=415 (985 words)

	WAVECREST: Products_digital switching matrix
		This unit is intended to extend the input capability of a Wavecrest DTS Digital Time System or SIA Signal Integrity Analyzer from 2 single-ended to 8 differential channels by combining dual differential 4:1 switch matrices and differential to single-ended baluns.
		The DSM 16S is a rack mountable, dual 8-input binary switch matrix with a bandwidth of over 1.5 GHz.
		This unit is intended to extend the input capability of a Wavecrest DTS Digital Time System or SIA Signal Integrity Analyzer from 2 to 16 channels.
	www.wavecrest.com /products/dsms.htm (467 words)

	EE403A/EE4CSN: Circuit Switched Networks and Digital Switching Techniques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		With digital switching now a mature technology in circuit- switched networks, this module examines the road to that maturity against the need to interwork with legacy analogue systems and the evolution of technology.
		It covers digital switching techniques, the design of digital telephone switching networks, and shows how the digital domain, with its inherent time-sharing capability, proved beneficial in the interfacing to analogue signalling systems.
		The extension of digitial from the core network to the local exchanges is covered by reference to analogue switch architectures and the need to compete with their cost optimisations.
	www.eeap.aston.ac.uk /modules/EE403A.html (717 words)

	Worldwide Digital Switching Status and Forecasts
		This report is comprised of detailed analyses of the installed and on-order positions of the digital switch suppliers on the world market.
		The primary goal of this study is to provide a measure of the overall penetration of digital switching technology in public telecommunications networks worldwide and to measure the relative success of each supplier in each major Telecom Operator Network, Country, Region and Worldwide.
		Provide the most comprehensive picture obtainable of the current status of the installed base and on-order position of central office digital switching for each telecom service provider, country, region and world total – for both wireline and wireless service infrastructure.
	www.mindbranch.com /catalog/print_product_page.jsp?code=R70-25 (442 words)

	Digital Switching Principles (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: f switch is the maximum rate at which it can move information, assuming all data paths are simultaneously active.
		Circuit switch must reject call if can't find a path for samples from input to output -- goal: minimize call blocking.
		Packet switch must reject a packet if it can't find a buffer to store it awaiting access to output trunk -- goal: minimize packet loss.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /372771.html (229 words)

	Technology Futures, Inc.: Publications: Telecom and Technology Market Reports: Transforming the Local Exchange Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The bulk of this investment is in three general categories: the outside plant, switching, and circuit equipment.
		Digital Switching in the Analog SPC Substitution Universe -- Historical and Regression
		Digital Switching in the Electromechanical Substitution Universe -- Historical and Regression
	www.tfi.com /pubs/tlen.html (1240 words)

	Technology Futures, Inc.: Publications: Telecom and Technology Market Reports: Technology Forecasts for Local Exchange ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It provides an update and comparisons to earlier forecasts conducted by Technology Futures, Inc. in 1986, 1989, 1992, 1994, and 1997, which were remarkably accurate in identifying the technology substitutions and predicting the pace of change.
		The average remaining life for digital switching investment is 4.9 years, while the previous study estimated 6.3 years.
		Forecasts for Digital Switching and ATM/IP The Evolution of Circuit Switching
	www.tfi.com /pubs/tflese.html (384 words)

	Products - Digital Switching Systems
		Carling Technologies continues a heritage of innovation, leading the way in digital switching technology with the Electronic Control System III - (ECS III).
		The ECS III features the latest in digital multiplex technology, creating a safer and fully configurable control system for the marine environment.
		With numerous advantages to both the marine manufacturer and the end operator, the ECS III truly defines a revolution in switch technology.
	www.carlingtech.com /products/digital-switching-systems/index.asp (153 words)

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