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Topic: Digital to analogue converters

	Digital-to-analog converter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC or D-to-A) is a device for converting a digital (usually binary) code to an analog signal (current, voltage or charges).
		DACs are therefore found in CD players, digital music players, and PC sound cards.
		A device that is distantly related to the DAC is the digitally-controlled potentiometer, used to control an analogue signal digitally.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Digital_to_analog_converter (1215 words)

	SILICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An analogue signal is a continuous representation of values in time domain, whereas a digital signal is a discrete representation of values in time domain using binary values (0, 1).
		Digital to analogue converters (D/A) translate a signal from a numeric, digital representation used by microprocessors and microcontrollers into an analogue signal.
		The advantages of using digital potentiometer are 1-The variability and reliability of solid state potentiometer 2-The flexibility of computer based digital control 3-The retentivity of non volatile memory used for the storage of multiple potentiometer settings or data.
	www.silica.com /en/products/productgateways/analogue.html (1116 words)

	Analogue-to-digital converters, digital-to-analogue converters, and digital modulators - Patent 5341135 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sigma-delta A-D converters include quantizing means for producing a digital output, oversampled relative to the signal bandwidth, and a feedback loop for feeding back a signal derived from the digital output to be combined with the analog input for input to filter means, the output of the filter means being connected to the quantizing means.
		The data output (first digital signal) from the sigma-delta converter A is taken from the commencement of the feedback loop and represents the usual digital output of a sigma-delta converter which the present invention is attempting to enhance.
		In accordance with the invention, the second sigma-delta converter B acts as a second quantizing means and produces a digital output from the output of A-D converter 5 (the second digital signal) representative of the error signal after filtering in error filter 10 and amplification in error amplifier 11.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5341135.html (3669 words)

	Digital to analogue converters - Patent 4258355 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This invention relates generally to digital to analogue converters and more particular, though not exclusively, to such converters which are applicable to television or radio tuners in which the frequencies of resonant circuits are controlled by means of direct voltages applied to varicap diodes.
		In such a converter, the frequency of ripple on the output is dependent on the signal frequency from the oscillator and of the value of the maximum count of the counter.
		Compared to prior art converters of similar cost and complexity, those in accordance with the subject invention have ripple voltages of higher frequency and consequently the time constant in the smoothing circuit may be appropriately reduced and the speed of response of the circuit correspondingly increased.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4258355.html (2735 words)

	Digital Analogue Converters : Analog Devices : Digital Analogue Converters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		No other company is more committed to developing the Digital Analogue Converters that will make the digital future possible.
		ADI's products play a fundamental role in converting real-world phenomena such as temperature, motion, pressure, light and sound into electrical signals to be used in a wide array of applications ranging from industrial process control, factory automation, radar systems and CAT scanners to cellular base stations, broadband modems, wireless telephones, computers, cars and digital cameras.
		ADI is your source for a Digital Analogue Converters as well as over 10,000 other products that serve the needs of more than 60,000 customers worldwide.
	www.analog.com /digital_analogue_converters.html (291 words)

	EMS Computer Synthi
		Analogue to digital converters and digital to analogue converters both with software, range and offset controls - mounted at the bottom right of the front panel.
		A digital clock whose frequency is programmable over the range 16Hz to 8MHz with a resolution of better than 1/230th of a semitone between 16Hz and 8kHz forms the central timing and frequency reference for the digital and analogue parts of the system.
		To initialise the user connects a DAC to the voltage control input of a VCO, and the VCO output to an ADC, he or she then informs the computer via the push buttons which ADC, DAC and oscillator are being used.
	members.tripod.com /werdav/comsynth.htm (3063 words)

	Analogue-to-Digital Converters (ADC, A/D, atod)
		Like the successive approximation converter it works by comparing the input signal to a reference voltage, but a flash converter has as many comparators as there are steps in the comparison.
		Sigma-delta converters are especially useful for high resolution conversion of low-frequency signals as well as low-distortion conversion of signals containing audio frequencies.
		This voltage is held constant whilst the A-D converter digitises it.
	www.microlink.co.uk /a-d.html (1030 words)

	Digital to Analogue Converters (DAC)
		If we drive the inputs of this circuit with digital gates so that each input is either 0 volts or full supply voltage, the output voltage will be an analog representation of the binary value of these three bits.
		The resolution of a DAC is the reciprocal of the number of discrete steps in the output.
		Settling time is normally defined as the time it takes a DAC to settle within ±'/2 LSB of its final value when a change occurs in the input code.
	www.electronics.dit.ie /staff/tscarff/dac_adc/DAC.htm (453 words)

	Thermionic Valve Analogue Stages for Digital Audio
		The Multibit DAC is the classic technology used from the beginning and has a very long history outside digital audio.
		Commonly used is a op-amp chip where the output current of the DAC is applied to the inverting input of the Op-Amp, which due to it’s normal function presents a virtual ground.
		An analogue stage for current output (Multibit) DAC’s requires a low input impedance (the lower the better - about 100 to 200 Ohm appears to be a sensible maximum), a fairly high voltage gain and while it must withstand some notable RF Noise, no extreme lowpass filtering is required.
	www.fortunecity.com /rivendell/xentar/1179/theory/vasfda/vasfda.html (5622 words)

	An Introduction to Delta Sigma Converters
		Analogue output: The bitstream will be converted to an analogue signal by a one bit DAC that converts the logic information (low / high or 0 / 1) to two precise analogue voltage levels, e.g.
		In the analogue modulator with VRef- = 0 V and VRef+ = +1 V an input range of 0 to +1 V, or with VRef- = -10 V and VRef+ = +10 V an input range of -10 V to +10 V is determined.
		DACs: The input signals of DACs are bandwidth limited by nature, so an input low pass filter is not necessary (it already had to be present when the digital signal was produced).
	www.beis.de /Elektronik/DeltaSigma/DeltaSigma.html (3193 words)

	Audio Note Digital to Analogue Converter DAC ZERO.
		The CD-mechanism, control and converter board rest on damping elements and are thus decoupled from vibrations.
		Analogue and digital electronics are fed by separate power supplies.
		The operation of the digital-to-analogue converters is based on the Delta-Sigma principle.
	www.dejavuaudio.com /BERENDSEN-CDP1.HTM (165 words)

	CADS Analogue>Digital&CDAS Digital>Analogue Converters
		These modular converters can be mounted in a 3U rackframe, or as 4 self-powered modules in a 1U frame, or they may be independently housed in a desktop case (2 of the digital outputs are removed to accommodate power access in the self powered presentation).
		The CDAS module converts a 10-bit 270Mbits/second component serial digital video to two component analogue outputs switchable between RGB and YUV, a composite sync output plus 4 reclocked serial digital signals.
		A single channel analogue to digital converter, the CADS Key, is provided for applications where only the luminance signal is required (such as for linear keying).
	www.vtx.co.uk /video/cadscdas.htm (216 words)

	Columnists - Jon Wong (FAQ - Audio Jargon)
		Digital signal direct from digital domain and no analog amplification is used.
		Separate DACs can upgrade a CDplayer or other digital player/ recorder, or can be used with dedicated CD transports.
		Allows the digital signal to be recorded or processed by an offboard DAC.
	www.1388.com /columnists/jon_faq_audio.htm (1539 words)

	StereoTimes -- Quad 99 Preamplifier and 909 Amplifier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Digital was supposed to be the perfect sound when it was introduced a couple of decades ago.
		Digital and Analogue selection toggle buttons are located on the left flank while the right side is balanced out by the master volume and mute buttons.
		This digital dynamo revealed more nuances, hinted at more gradations, captured more of the music's ebb and flow, and boasted more micro and macro dynamics while intimating more of what was on this CD than I would EVER have thought possible.
	www.stereotimes.com /amp100103.shtm (2649 words)

	dCS Digital Audio Converter, Master Clock, DSD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The dCS 904 is a reference quality analogue to digital converter offering full 24 bit capability in all the standard sample rates from 32kS/s to 192kS/s.
		The dCS 952 and dCS 954 are reference quality digital to analogue converters offering full 24 bit capability in all the standard sample rates from 32kS/s to 192kS/s.
		In addition, the relative phase of each output may be adjusted by plus or minus 1 sample, in steps of 1/128th of a sample.
	www.independentaudio.com /CDCatalog/HTML/dcs.html (528 words)

	Analogue To Digital Music Converter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Analogue and Digital signals - Analogue and Digital signals.
		Digital to analogue converter circuits - Digital to analogue converter circuits for PC parallel port...
		In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers.
	www.mp3playersguide.com /analogue-to-digital-music-converter.html (764 words)

	Microlink 3000 Series: Analogue Output Modules
		The Microlink 3000 system offers the 303x range of digital to analogue converters for these control applications, giving a choice of voltage or current outputs at different resolutions.
		The second category of use of analogue output signals is that of waveform generation.
		A converter (output channel) consists of a group of 8 connections on the 37-way D type connector.
	www.microlink.co.uk /dac.html (684 words)

	Virtual Instruments
		Real world signals are of the analogue nature, while a computer is a digital instrument; therefore the computer needs also interpreters – analogue-to-digital and digital-to-analogue converters for communication with the object under investigation.
		The potentiostat also agrees the power consumption of electrochemical experiments with relatively low power of digital-to-analogue converters (the power of a common DAC board is sufficient to control electrochemical reaction just on microelectrode).
		While the virtual spectrometer maintains the electrode potential by a potentiostat with minimal consumption of CPU resources, major part of the resources is spent for implementing urgent functions that require real-time mode – probing, data acquisition, real-time signal processing and visualisation of impedance spectra variation just in the potential scan.
	www.abc.chemistry.bsu.by /vi/vi.htm (292 words)

	Digital Broadcasting Australia - DBA Forums -> Mast Head Digital to Analogue converters?
		There are headend units available, these are designed for MATV systems and are quite expensive, they will convert the digital to analog and send it out RF.
		I have a faint recollection the packaging said it was digital ready but I'll have to research that.
		I too bought a "digital ready" antenna from Dick Smith 2 years ago and have been happilly watching a mixure of analogue, SD digital and HD digital ever since.
	www.dtvforum.info /index.php?showtopic=5783 (607 words)

	Dr Hifi - Audio Jargon
		Music recorded in analogue form (A), mastered or remastered digitally (D), and stored digitally on CD (the third D).
		Record-playing cartridge (pickup) design in which a tiny magnet connected to the stylus moves relative to a fixed coil in the body, thus generating the signal.
		Impedance of a speaker is measured in ohms - generally the lower the figure the harder it is to drive.
	www.1388.com /articles/faq_audio (2203 words)

	Digital to analogue converter circuits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For example the first DAC circuit is not very accururate and R2R construction would give much better performance.
		JDAC and CENT_DAC are both simple Digital to Analogue converter to use with your IBM PC/AT or compatible.
		There is a driver for using DAC connected to parallel port as Windows 3.1 sound output device for playing back sample and sound effects.
	www.epanorama.net /circuits/dacs.html (1147 words)

	COURSE NOTES - Digital to Analogue Converters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A digital to analogue converter is a device that converts a digital input value into a corresponding analogue output, usually a voltage or current.
		It will have 'n' digital inputs, and one analogue output that can take 2 to the power of n different output levels.
		The resolution of a D to A converter is the size of the smallest voltage or current change on the output.
	dragon.herts.ac.uk /course_details/1ELE0023/analogue/dac.htm (397 words)

	S/PDIF Digital to Analogue Converter
		As shown, ground returns from analogue and digital sections should be kept separate for minimal noise at the output.
		Internal analogue filters and a switched-capacitor DAC are used, so output filtering is not quite necessary, but it helps to reduce noise even further.
		If the DAC is to be coupled with a DIY pre-amp or EQ, especially ones utilising high speed op-amps (such as Project 28, etc.), great care must be taken to bypass the feedback loop with a proper value capacitor.
	sound.westhost.com /project85.htm (2588 words)

	HiddenWires - Naim Shows CD555 Reference CD player
		Apart from ensuring that all critical signals reaching the DAC have immeasurably low jitter the chips are inside a shielded enclosure to keep their environment free of the varying electric and magnetic fields that inevitably occur in a CD player.
		Analogue stages, I-to-V conversion, filtering and output driver are from discrete parts.
		Separate dedicated analogue and digital output sockets (Burndy) to minimise high frequency noise modulation of analogue supplies.
	hiddenwires.co.uk /resourcesnews2005/news20051021-08.html (388 words)

	(0)H03M:0/1:
		Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion (conversion of analogue values to or from differential modulation H 03 M 3/00) [4]
		the weight given to a digit depends on the position of the digit within the block or code word, e.g.
		Analogue value compared with reference values (H 03 M 1/48 takes precedence) [4]
	www.wipo.int /classifications/fulltext/ipc/ipc6en/db/h03m0001.htm (411 words)

	Digital Electronics lecture notes
		In the case of digital electronics, we're talking about two different methods of sending an electronic signal from A to B. ANALOGUE signals are continuous, and can take any value.
		A digital equivalent to this system would sample the soundwave at selected intervals and transmit the values that correspond to the soundwave in binary code.
		The digital representation of the soundwave could then be moved around or processed within the system without picking up any additional noise.
	www.student.brad.ac.uk /mlgoodli/work.html (3060 words)

	LFD Audio Digital to Analogue converter DAC3 - Aanvil Audio
		LFD Audio is now offering a Digital to Analogue Converter utilising a custom made Ultra Analog 20 bit converter.
		Careful attention to earthing and the layout of both the Digital and Analogue circuitry to minimise track length is also a very important consideration.
		Please compare the DAC3 to the very best Digital to Analogue converter, and we are sure you will not be disappointed with its performance.
	www.aanvilaudio.u-net.com /lfd_page5.htm (268 words)

	Integrated digital-to-analogue converters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Digital-to-analogue converters (DAC) are required for the first processing step in the Pre-Processor, see Section 3.2.1 for a description.
		The digital data for each DAC can be loaded via the serial interface of the Finco.
		The measured 10-bit linearity of the DAC is shown in Figure 6.4.
	www.kip.uni-heidelberg.de /atlas/DATA/publications/DISS/node127.html (157 words)

	Consensus at Lawyerpoint: Hollywood Wants to Plug the "Analog Hole"
		The first piece of that agenda, a mandate that would give Hollywood a veto over digital television technology, is weeks away from coming to fruition.
		The second section, "Plugging the Analog Hole," reveals Hollywood's plan to turn a generic technology component, the humble analog-to-digital convertor, into a device that is subject to the kind of regulation heretofore reserved for Schedule A narcotics.
		ADCs are embedded in digital scanners, samplers, thermometers, seismographs, mice and other pointer devices, camcorders, cameras, microscopes, telescopes, modems, radios, televisions, cellular phones, walkie-talkies, light-meters and a multitude of other devices.
	bpdg.blogs.eff.org /archives/000113.html (2001 words)

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