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Topic: Digitoxin

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Digitalis

ATC code C01

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	Drug Action
		Digitoxin, a cardiac glycoside, is used to treat congestive heart failure,to control ventricular rate in the treatment of supraventricular dysrhythmias including atrial fibrillation and flutter, and to treat paroxysmal atrial tachycardia.
		Digitoxin is extensively bound to plasma proteins (97%), primarily albumin; it is distributed throughout the body tissues without crossing the blood-brain barrier to a significant degree.
		Digitoxin has a half-life of approximately 5 to 14 days and is predominantly excreted in the urine, although excretion does occur in the feces via biliary recirculation.
	chemweb.calpoly.edu /chem/bailey/377/PapersSp2000/Marlene/drugact.htm (978 words)

	Age and Ageing: Prolonged digitoxin half-life in very elderly patients (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Digitoxin elimination is assumed not to be reduced by declining liver or kidney function [8-10].
		When the conversion of digitoxin was studied in vitro in biopsies from human liver, the conversion of digitoxin to digitoxigenin-bis digitoxoside varied with a factor of 40 [14].
		Digitoxin is mainly protein-bound with a free fraction of 1-3%, [15, 16].
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2459/is_n2_v27/ai_21132677 (1287 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Digitoxin medication and cancer; case control and internal dose-response studies
		Digitoxin is still today the most common cardiac glycoside prescribed in Norway [1].
		In contrast, we have previously found that non toxic concentrations of digitoxin and digoxin inhibits growth and induce apoptosis in different human malignant cell lines, whereas highly proliferating normal cells were not affected [7-9].
		The third approach was a prospective internal dose-response on the cohort on digitoxin users where the risk of cancer was studied by different levels of digitoxin plasma concentration at first measurement divided in tertiles and a Cox regression analysis was carried out.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2407/1/11 (3069 words)

	Heart drugs for the treatment of cancer
		Using highly sophisticated testing methods, he treated these two cultures with digitoxin, the natural form of digitalis from the common foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), and in six days preparations used are digitoxin, and digoxin, saw an almost complete inhibition of growth of these two breast cancer cell lines.
		Digitoxin and digoxin were also tested against a fifth cell line, K562, and against normal cells.
		Digitoxin, in non toxic concentrations, induces apoptotic cell death in Jurkat T cells in vitro.
	www.second-opinions.co.uk /heart_drugs.html (1928 words)

	Digitoxin decreases cell growth and may work as radiosensitizer...
		It is therefore interesting to study effects of digitoxin on cells from brain tumours.
		Digitoxin increased the radio sensitivity of the cell lines in a dose dependent response, especially in the most radio resistant line U-373 MG.
		Digitoxin may be of benefit in the treatment of glioblastoma.
	www.cancerprev.org /Journal/Issues/24/101/410/3849 (411 words)

	Digitoxin
		The commonly used digitalis drugs are digoxin and digitoxin.
		Therapeutic plasma concentration for digoxin is 0.5 - 2 ng/ml and for digitoxin 15 - 33 ng/ml.
		25 - 50 ng/ml of digitoxin is toxic for many patients and 25 - 50 ng/ml of digoxin is for sure a toxic concentration.
	www.annieappleseedproject.org /digitoxin.html (404 words)

	Pharmacology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Given the differences between the cardiac glycosides in their length of action and organs of major excretion, the correct statement concerning the use of digitoxin is: 1.
		digitoxin is excreted primarily unchanged in the kidney with a half-life of about 24 hours 3.
		digitoxin is highly protein bound in the serum 4.
	research.med.umkc.edu /pharm/tests/Inotro.html (1255 words)

	Digoxin
		Because of the long half life in the cat, digitoxin should never be considered in the cat.
		Both digitoxin and digoxin are conjugated and dumped into the GI tract, de-conjugated and reabsorbed.
		At the time I understood it to explain why digitoxin had a longer half life than digoxin but this isn't the case.
	www.vin.com /vin_ce/abvp/html/digoxin.html (721 words)

	Chemical Abstracts Online Exercises
		Boynton, dies and it is discovered that she was injected with a lethal amount of digitoxin.
		Of these, digitoxin is considered the most active poisonous constituent of digitalis leaves.
		“And a large dose of digitoxin thrown suddenly on the circulation by intravenous injection would cause sudden death by quick palsy of the heart.
	library.humboldt.edu /~chadwick/ChemicalAbstractsOnlineExercises.html (453 words)

	King's American Dispensatory, 1898: Digitalis (U. S. P.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Keller's test for digitoxin is as follows: Dissolve digitoxin in glacial acetic acid containing ferric chloride; float this solution upon strong sulphuric acid.
		of a milligramme of digitoxin in 1 Cc.
		The amount of digitoxin in the leaves was observed by him to vary from 0.26 to 0.62 percent.
	www.ibiblio.org /herbmed/eclectic/kings/digitalis.html (4407 words)

	The effects of activated charcoal on digoxin and digitoxin clearance -- Park et al. 19 (12): 937 -- The Annals of ...
		The effect of multiple oral doses of activated charcoal on digitalis glycoside kinetics was studied to determine whether an activated charcoal regimen might have utility in treating patients with digitalis toxicity.
		Normal subjects were given intravenous infusions of digoxin 0.75 mg/70 kg or digitoxin 1 mg/70 kg iv followed by either water alone or water with activated charcoal in divided doses in a randomized crossover design.
		We conclude that the activated charcoal regimen is probably useful in patients with digitoxin toxicity.
	www.theannals.com /cgi/content/abstract/19/12/937 (256 words)

	Environmental Protection Agency
		Acute digitoxin ingestion may produce the following signs and symptoms: nausea, vomiting, headache, lethargy, fatigue, weakness, drowsiness, confusion, slowed pulse, varying degrees of heart block, heart arrhythmias, delirium, and halucinations.
		If elapsed time since ingestion of digitoxin is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 4.
		Warning: Ingestion of digitoxin may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness.
	yosemite.epa.gov /oswer/CeppoEHS.nsf/firstaid/71-63-6?OpenDocument (668 words)

	Serum digitoxin concentrations in infants and children -- Giardina et al. 51 (4): 713 -- Circulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Serum digitoxin concentrations in infants and children -- Giardina et al.
		Serum digitoxin levels were measured in 18 infants (under two years) and in
		for digitoxin was 72 plus or minus 14 ng/ml (range 53-84).
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/51/4/713 (248 words)

	Digitoxin - test - SWMC serving Vancouver Washington Portland Oregon
		This is a blood test that measures the concentration of digitoxin (see also therapeutic-drug monitoring).
		The main purpose of this test is to monitor patients taking digitalis medications such as digitoxin in order to determine the effective drug dosage and prevent toxicity.
		Monitoring the drug level is important because the margin of safety between therapeutic levels and toxic levels is narrow.
	www.swmedicalcenter.com /117511.cfm (523 words)

	Digitoxin
		If you have an allergy to digitoxin or any other part of the medicine.
		It is also used to slow the heart rate (pulse) in a patient whose heart is racing in a certain way (atrial fibrillation/flutter).
		Digitoxin strengthens the heart by increasing calcium inside the cells of the heart.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsDrugs/Digitoxincd.html (574 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Abstract of article: Inhibitory effects of digoxin and digitoxin on corticosterone ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The concentration of corticosterone in the rat plasma samples was measured by radioimmunoassay.
		Administration of digoxin or digitoxin decreased both spontaneous and ACTH-stimulated release of corticosterone in vitro.
		These results together suggest that digoxin and digitoxin decrease the release of corticosterone by acting directly on ZFR cells via a Na -ATPase-independent mechanism involving the inhibition of the activities of adenylyl cyclase, cytochrome P450scc and 11
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v142/n7/abs/0705777a.html (441 words)

	Fluoroimmunoassay of digitoxin in serum -- Al-Hakiem et al. 28 (6): 1364 -- Clinical Chemistry
		Fluoroimmunoassay of digitoxin in serum -- Al-Hakiem et al.
		This fluoroimmunoassay for digitoxin in serum involves use of a sheep
		antiserum to digitoxin coupled to magnetizable solid-phase particles and
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/abstract/28/6/1364 (144 words)

	Digitoxin mimics gene therapy with CFTR and suppresses hypersecretion of IL-8 from cystic fibrosis lung epithelial ...
		Digitoxin mimics gene therapy with CFTR and suppresses hypersecretion of IL-8 from cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells -- Srivastava et al.
		Digitoxin mimics gene therapy with CFTR and suppresses hypersecretion of IL-8 from cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells
		36 (62%) are similarly affected by digitoxin and related active
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/101/20/7693 (505 words)

	AllRefer Health - Digitoxin - Test: Special Considerations
		AllRefer Health - Digitoxin - Test: Special Considerations
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Health > Tests and Exams > Digitoxin - Test: Special Considerations
		Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other.
	health.allrefer.com /health/digitoxin-test-consider.html (285 words)

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