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Topic: Digraph

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Digraph orthography

reduced digraph

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	Digraph Definition
		The vertices of the digraph G are the elements of A, and
		of a digraph is a digraph consisting of arbitrary numbers of vertices and arcs of the given digraph, while a
		is a digraph consisting of an arbitrary number of vertices and all the arcs between them of the given digraph.
	www.cs.odu.edu /~toida/nerzic/content/digraph/definition.html (611 words)

	Digraph (orthography) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A digraph or bigraph is a pair of letters used to write one sound.
		This is often, but not necessarily, a sound (or more precisely a phoneme) which cannot be expressed using a single letter in the alphabet used for writing.
		Sometimes, when digraphs do not represent a new phoneme, they are a relic from an earlier period in the language's history when they did (or remain phonemic only in certain dialects, e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Digraph_(orthography) (646 words)

	Graphs Glossary
		A representation of a digraph using the arcs of the digraph.
		A digraph is a graph in which the edges are directed and called arcs.
		A path in a digraph is a sequence of vertices from one vertex to another using the arcs.
	www-math.cudenver.edu /~wcherowi/courses/m4408/glossary.htm (1926 words)

	Digraph Practice Exercises (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A digraph has vertices A, B, C, & D and the following arcs: A is incident to B, C, & D; C is incident from B & D. Draw this digraph.
		A digraph has vertices V, W, X, Y, & Z and the following arcs: X is incident to V, Z, & Y; W is incident from V, Y, & Z; Z is incident to Y and incident from W & V. Draw this digraph.
		Draw a digraph that represents this relation between chapters, via vertex A is incident to vertex B means that Chapter A is a prerequisite for Chapter B. In other words, arcs point from "easier" chapters to "harder" chapters.
	home.snu.edu /~kwantz/m1113/digraphpractice.htm (277 words)

	YAIP ircII help 2.9 digraph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		DIGRAPH -ADD a b c will result in a digraph entry for the letter "c", that will be given by composing the letters "a" and "b".
		DIGRAPH -ADD a b !c would result in a digraph entry for the letter represented by an "a" with a tilde above, which is the same as "c" with MSB (bit 8) set in the ISO 8859/1 map.
		The very same result is achieved with DIGRAPH -ADD 61 62 227 thus giving the values in directly in decimal.
	members.socket.net /~mgillespie/irc/help/DIGRAPH.html (267 words)

	Open Channel Foundation: FEAT
		FEAT uses digraph models to determine what will happen to a system if a set of failure events occurs and to identify the possible causes of a selected set of failures.
		Digraphs models for use with FEAT are generally built with the Digraph Editor, a Macintosh-based application which is distributed with FEAT.
		The Generate Model feature can then use library files to generate digraphs for every component listed in the modeling tables, and these individual digraph files can be used in a variety of ways to speed generation of complete digraph models.
	www.openchannelsoftware.org /projects/FEAT/&id=ntb (676 words)

	UCSC Genome Browser: diGraph.h Source File
		/ 00092 00093 struct dgEdge dgConnect(struct diGraph dg, struct dgNode a, struct dgNode b); 00094 /*< Connect node a to node b.
		/ 00098 00099 void dgDisconnect(struct diGraph* dg, struct dgNode a, struct dgNode b); 00100 /*< Disconnect nodes a and b.
		/ 00152 00153 struct dgNodeRef dgConstrainedPriorityOrder(struct diGraph dg); 00154 /< Return traversal of graph in priority order subject to 00155 constraint that all parents must be output before 00156 * their children regardless of node priority.
	www.cse.ucsc.edu /~sugnet/kentDoc/diGraph_8h-source.html (1209 words)

	FAQ - Ligatures, Digraphs and Presentation Forms
		That digraph is distinctly different from "x" + "y" and is treated as a unit in my language.
		If my "xy" digraph were represented by a unique symbol, it would certainly be included with all the other letters from my language.
		If a new digraph "xy" is added, that implies the addition of a new compatibility decomposition "xy" to "x" "y" to the data tables.
	www.unicode.org /faq/ligature_digraph.html (1001 words)

	DigraphPage.nb
		Digraph self-similarity is an important generalization of self-similarity.
		Digraph self-similarity is exhibited by a collection of sets, each of which is composed of scaled images chosen from the collection.
		The first indgredient for a digraph IFS is a directed multi-graph, or digraph, which describes the combinatorics of how the pieces fit together.
	www.unca.edu /~mcmcclur/mathematicaGraphics/DigraphFractals/Links/index_lnk_1.html (146 words)

	Digraphs
		A digraph is a special type of graph--one in which the relationships among vertices are asymmetrical.
		For digraphs, we define the indegree of a vertex to be the number of arrows pointing in toward the vertex and the outdegree of a vertex to be the number of arrows pointing out away from the vertex.
		In a digraph, a path from vertex A to vertex B is a sequence of arcs starting at A and ending at B in which no arc is repeated and each vertex in the sequence is incident to (precedes) the next one.
	www.ctl.ua.edu /math103/scheduling/digraphs.htm (677 words)

	Graphs
		In a digraph, the OUTDEGREE of a vertex is the number of vertices it is adjacent to, and the INDEGREE of a vertex is the number of vertices adjacent to it.
		If a digraph is not strongly connected, we sometimes say it is ROOTED if there exists at least one vertex R such that there is a directed path from R to each other vertex in the graph.
		In addition, in a digraph each vertex has two lists associated with it - one of edges of which it is the tail, and one of edges of which it is the head.
	www.cs.gordon.edu /courses/cs122/lectures/graphs.html (2168 words)

	NASA Tech Briefs: Algorithm accelerates solution of digraph reliability models
		A digraph model (see Figure 1) is a graphical combinatorial failure-space model of a system, comprising nodes and AND gates connected by directed edges.
		A common operation performed on a digraph model is the calculation of single failures and pairs of failures that could cause a target failure event to occur.
		Finding singletons and doubletons for a digraph model is useful for finding weak links in the system and for quantitative estimation of the reliability of the system.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3957/is_199904/ai_n8851744 (855 words)

	aw_lial_finitecalc_6\|Digraphs and Networks\|Communication Digraphs
		In our study of dominance digraphs, we found that the associated matrix was asymmetric; that is, if the entry in row i and column j was a 1, say, then the entry in row j and column i had to be 0.
		With communication digraphs, however, the associated matrices are symmetric.
		The digraph is connected if the matrix sum has only positive entries.
	wps.aw.com /aw_lial_finitecalc_6/0,3481,90155-,00.html (816 words)

	DiGraph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This design allows the use of many graph algorithms (e.g., construction of strongly connected components) even for very general graphs where the arcs model only a subtle semantic relation (e.g., caller-callee) that is not explicitly stored in the vertices.
		digraph: vertices that are (trasitively and reflexively) reachable from the root vertices by following the forward arcs provided by the navigator.
		By "roots of a digraph" we mean any set of vertices such that one can explore the entire graph by (transitively) navigating on their outgoing arcs (using the
	jpaul.sourceforge.net /javadoc/jpaul/Graphs/DiGraph.html (848 words)

	Graph Concepts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The indegree of a vertex in a digraph is the number of edges entering (pointing to) that vertex.
		Sometimes a digraph is referred to as an orientation of the underlying graph.
		We say that a digraph is strongly connected when, for every vertex u, there exists a path that follows directed edges from u to all the other vertices in the graph.
	www.hamline.edu /~lcopes/SciMathMN/concepts/ctypes.html (270 words)

	digraph.txt - html version
		Using digraphs digraphs-use There are two methods to enter digraphs: *i_digraph* CTRL-K {char1} {char2} or {char1} {char2} The first is always available.
		Once you have entered the digraph the character is treated like a normal character, taking up only one character in the file and on the screen.
		When hitting the entering of the digraph is aborted and Insert mode or command-line mode is ended, just like hitting an .
	ultrix.polarhome.com /vim/manual/v53/digraph.html (755 words)

	Encyclopedia: Albanian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The palatal nasal nj corresponds to the sound of the Spanish Ã± or the French or Italian digraph gn (as in gnocchi).
		The Albanian alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet, with the addition of the letters Ã«, Ã§, and nine digraphs to account for certain sounds in pronunciations.
		Until 1908, when the Latin alphabet was introduced in Albanian, the Greek alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet, and the Ottoman Turkish version of the Arabic alphabet had been used to write Albanian.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Albanian-language (2883 words)

	Phonics Page
		A vowel digraph is two letters with the first letter making a long sound and the second letter is silent.
		These are different from a digraph because you cannot hear any of the letters' normal sounds.
		We call the "g," "k," and "w" in the digraphs gn, kn, and wr ghost letters to help us remember they used to make a sound but now are silent.
	www.madison.k12.al.us /central/first/reynolds/PhonicsPage.html (647 words)

	digraph_utils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		path P from v[1] to v[k] in a digraph (V, E) is a non-empty sequence v[1], v[2], ..., v[k] of vertices in V such that there is an edge (v[i],v[i+1]) in E for 1 <= i < k.
		A digraph G = (V, E) is equivalent to a relation E on V (we neglect the fact that the version of directed graphs implemented in the
		If the digraph has no cycles of length two or more, then the reflexive and transitive closure of E is a partial ordering.
	www.erlang.se /doc/doc-5.4/lib/stdlib-1.13/doc/html/digraph_utils.html (804 words)

	Dynkin Digraphs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Dynkin digraph has vertices 1,..., n; whenever c_(ij)<0 there is an edge from i to j labeled by the value -c_(ij).
		A Dynkin digraph has an edge from i to j if, and only if, it has an edge from j to i (although the labels may be different); hence strong and weak connectivity are equivalent for these graphs.
		Note that functions are not given for computing the Dynkin digraph of a Coxeter matrix or Coxeter graph, since a particular choice of crystallographic Cartan matrix is required.
	www.math.lsu.edu /magma/text981.htm (309 words)

	Digraph, Trigraph, and Escape Sequences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		You can represent unavailable characters in a source program by using a combination of two keystrokes called a digraph sequence.
		Digraphs are read as tokens during the preprocessor phase.
		The following table is a list of the digraphs that were supported in previous compilers.
	www.msi.umn.edu /sp/sp_manuals/cc++/doc/language/ref/rnditrig.htm (181 words)

	The Reversing Number of a Digraph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A minimum feedback arc set of a digraph is a smallest sized set of arcs that when reversed makes the resulting digraph acyclic.
		Given an acyclic digraph D, we seek a smallest tournament T that has D as a minimum feedback arc set.
		The result for a disjoint union of directed paths is determined in a more general context in [3] and the result for the reversing number of a disjoint union of directed stars is found in [2].
	www.rit.edu /~dansma/reversingno.html (335 words)

	UEDigraph (JDigraph API) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		By default, this digraph uses equals() as the method to determine identity.
		Returns a new digraph that is the intersection of this with digraph.
		Returns a new digraph that is the union of this with digraph.
	jdigraph.sourceforge.net /api/net/walend/digraph/UEDigraph.html (401 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		While digraphs can be derived in a fairly straightforward manner from system schematics and knowledge about component failure modes and system design, fault tree structure allows for fast processing using efficient techniques developed for tree data structures.
		The digraphs could be translated and incorporated into the fault trees, allowing them to be analyzed using a number of powerful fault tree processing codes, such as cut set and quantitative solution codes.
		A subtree is created for each of the inputs to the digraph terminal node and the root of those subtrees are added as children of the top node of the fault tree.
	www.nttc.edu /cosmic/abstracts/arc-13287.html (761 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		We construct a weighted digraph G where each edge represents a link, each vertex represents a page and the weight assigned to each edge represents the time it takes to follow the link.
		All the arcs in the shortest path from a to b are duplicated in the given digraph G. This procedure is repeated for all the assignments.
		STEP V In the resulting digraph S (which is Euler) we find the Euler tour using the method used for Euler digraphs.
	www.hipc.org /hipc2002/2002Posters/WebAccess.doc (1334 words)

	SFT3500 PROJECT SHOW CASE
		For each digraph sound, students will be guided through six activities which will progressively introduce them to words of a digraph sound.
		The purpose of this evaluation is to evaluate the students understanding of the digraph sounds.
		Next to the picture (in the second column) is a half-complete word associated to the picture (this word is only missing letters belonging to a digraph sound, and the missing letters are marked with blank spaces).
	www.csse.monash.edu.au /student/ieprojects/1997/educationalaid (1590 words)

	SourceForge.net CVS Repository - markup - cvs: jdigraph/v1/digraph/source/net/walend/digraph/CEDigraph.java (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		/ Returns a new digraph that is the intersection of this with digraph**.
		/ Returns a new digraph that is the union of this with digraph**.
		If the digraphs contain conflicting edges, then (unless you have a better rule) let digraph's edge win out.
	cvs.sourceforge.net /viewcvs.py/jdigraph/v1/digraph/source/net/walend/digraph/CEDigraph.java?rev=1.7&view=auto (363 words)

	On the Digraph of a Unitary Matrix
		Given a matrix M of size n, the digraph D on n vertices is said to be the digraph of M, when $M_{ij}\neq 0$ if and only if (v,sub>i,v,sub>j) is an arc of D.
		We give a necessary condition, called strong quadrangularity, for a digraph to be the digraph of a unitary matrix.
		We observe that strong quadrangularity is sufficient to show that disconnected strongly regular graphs are the digraphs of unitary matrices and that n-paths, n-paths with loops at each vertex, n-cycles, directed trees, and trees are not.
	epubs.siam.org /sam-bin/dbq/article/41029 (187 words)

	Vim documentation: digraph
		Last change: 2001 Sep 03 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar Digraphs *digraphs* *Digraphs* Digraphs are used to enter characters that normally cannot be entered by an ordinary keyboard.
		Example: :digr e: 235 a: 228 Avoid defining a digraph with '_' (underscore) as the first character, it has a special meaning in the future.
		Using digraphs digraphs-use There are two methods to enter digraphs: *i_digraph* CTRL-K {char1} {char2} or {char1} {char2} The first is always available; the second only when the 'digraph' option is set.
	www.ip6.polarhome.com /vim/manual/v63/digraph.html (990 words)

	The Eulerian stretch of a digraph and the ending guarantee of a convergence routing (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Eulerian stretch of a digraph and the ending guarantee of a convergence routing
		Given an Eulerian circuit C in a digraph G, we consider the maximal number diamW C of arcs that a packet has to follow on C from its origin to its destination (we talk about the ending guarantee of the routing).
		We consider the Eulerian diameter of G as de ned by E(G) = min C2Eul(G) diamW C, where Eul(G) is the set of all the Eulerian...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /490668.html (535 words)

	UCSC Genome Browser: diGraph.c Source File
		/ 00011 { 00012 struct diGraph* dg; 00013 AllocVar(dg); 00014 dg->nodeHash = newHash(0); 00015 dg->edgeList = newDlList(); 00016 return dg; 00017 } 00018 00019 static void dgNodeFree(struct dgNode pNode) 00020 /* Free a diGraph node.
		/ 00163 { 00164 return dgConnectWithVal(dg, a, b, NULL); 00165 } 00166 00167 struct dgEdge dgConnectWithVal(struct diGraph dg, struct dgNode a, 00168 struct dgNode b, void val) 00169 /** Connect node a to node b and put val on edge.
		/ 00457 { 00458 rMustHaveVal = FALSE; 00459 return connectedComponents(dg); 00460 } 00461 00462 int dgConnectedComponentsWithVals(struct diGraph* dg) 00463 /* Count number of connected components and set component field 00464 * of each node to reflect which component it is in.
	www.cse.ucsc.edu /~sugnet/kentDoc/diGraph_8c-source.html (1469 words)

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