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Topic: Dihydromorphine

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	Dihydromorphine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dihydromorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid invented in Germany in the first years of the twentieth century.
		In most other countries, dihydromorphine is classified at the same level as morphine, pethidine and the like where it is available and used; international law and treaties list it as a narcotic subject to control, and other countries' laws may vary.
		Dihydromorphine is about 50 percent as strong as morphine for analgaesia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dihydromorphine (326 words)

	[No title]
		To test this possibility, experiments were carried out on rats under urethane anesthesia in which nociceptive activity was evoked by electrical stimulation of afferent C fibers in the sural nerve and recorded from neurons in the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus.
		To inhibit O-demethylation of dihydrocodeine to dihydromorphine, metyrapone or cimetidine (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 20 min before dihydrocodeine (1 and 2 mg/kg).
		Dihydrocodeine and dihydromorphine were equieffective when administered by intrathecal injection at a dose of 100 microg.
	balder.prohosting.com /adhpage/arc_np/pharm_dihydromorphine.txt (567 words)

	Analgesia by Dihydrocodeine Is Not Due to Formation of Dihydromorphine: Evidence from Nociceptive Activity in Rat ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Depression by intrathecal injection of dihydrocodeine and dihydromorphine of nociceptive activity evoked in thalamus neurons.
		Dihydromorphine depressed the nociceptive activity evoked in thalamic neurons in a dose-dependent fashion (fig.
		Dihydrocodeine and dihydromorphine were equieffective when administered by intrathecal injection at a dose of 100 µg.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/281/3/1164 (4240 words)

	Dihydrocodeine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was developed in the early 1900s, and is similar in chemical structure, pharmacological activity, and potency as codeine.
		Although dihydrocodeine does have extremely active metabolites, in the form of dihydromorphine and dihydromorphine-6-glucuronide (100x more potent), these metabolites are produced in such small amount that they do not have clinically important effects.
		Approved indication for dihydrocodeine is the management of moderate to severe pain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dihydrocodeine (449 words)

	Int. J. of Clin. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, No. 3/2003
		In a double-blind, 2-period, placebo-controlled randomized crossover pilot study the pharmacokinetics of dihydrocodeine (60 mg single dose) and its metabolites were examined in 5 phenotyped extensive (EMs) and 4 poor metabolizers (PMs) for CYP2D6, and pharmacodynamics were evaluated using a pain threshold model and dynamic pupillometry.
		Results: Displacement binding and cAMP accumulation experiments showed clearly higher affinities (100- and 50-fold) and activities (180- and 250-fold) of dihydromorphine and dihydromorphine-6-glucuronide, respectively, whereas the other metabolites had similar or lower affinities and activities as compared to dihydrocodeine.
		Dihydromorphine and its glucuronides were detectable in EMs only.
	www.dustri.com /ze/cp/33cp0303.htm (1480 words)

	Oxycodone for sale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This commentary solicitd that the added contingent of the production for dihydromorphine is increased to anticipate an interval in a process of present manufacture.
		In agreement with this information, the DEA has fit the contingents added initial of the production according to alfentanil, dihydromorphine, diphenoxylate, fentanyl, hydromorphone, levorphanol, meperidine, I weigh-desoxyephedrine, methamphetamine (for the conversion), noroxymorphone (for the conversion), oxycodone (for the sale), sufentanil and thebaine to solve the legitimate necessities of the United States.
		The significant portions of the increases for the alfentanil, diphenoxylate, fentanyl, hydromorphone, levorphanol, noroxymorphone (for the conversion) and the sufentanil are due to a change in the way of which the losses of the manufacture are considered by a manufacturer in bulk.
	oxycodone.anywordsearch.com /oxycodone-for-sale.htm (1145 words)

	Alterations in dihydromorphine binding in cerebral hemispheres of aged male rats.
		Alterations in dihydromorphine binding in cerebral hemispheres of aged male rats.
		In the frontal poles, the decline in receptor concentration with age was accompanied by a significant increase in the apparent affinity of dihydromorphine for receptors, which may be compensatory for the decrease in Bmax.
		This pattern of receptor alterations is different than that previously observed in aged female rats.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_6257860.html (143 words)

	International Observatory on End of Life Care - Countries A-Z > Czech Republic > Opioid Availabilty
		A special prescription is required in the Czech Republic for strong opioids, and this can cause some administrative difficulties which can discourage GPs, not all of whom are entitled to prescribe morphine.
		INCB data on opioid consumption in the Czech Republic between 1994 and 1998 are available for codeine, dihydromorphine, morphine, pethidine and cocaine.
		In that time codeine consumption fell dramatically from 952 kg to 147 kg; dihydromorphine was 34 kg in 1997 and 53 kg in 1998; morphine consumption increased over the full period, from 39 kg to 76 kg.
	www.eolc-observatory.net /global_analysis/czech_opioid.htm (214 words)

	Quotas
		This comment requested that the aggregate production quota for dihydromorphine be increased to provide for an intermediate in a current manufacturing process.
		Based on this information, the DEA has adjusted the initial aggregate production quotas for alfentanil, dihydromorphine, diphenoxylate, fentanyl, hydromorphone, levorphanol, meperidine, levo-desoxyephedrine, methamphetamine (for conversion), noroxymorphone (for conversion), oxycodone (for sale), sufentanil and thebaine to meet the legitimate needs of the United States.
		Significant portions of the increases for alfentanil, diphenoxylate,, fentanyl, hydromorphone, levorphanol, noroxymorphone (for conversion) and sufentanil are due to a change in the manner in which manufacturing losses are accounted for by a bulk manufacturer.
	www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov /fed_regs/quotas/1999/fr1228.htm (879 words)

	UNODC - Bulletin on Narcotics - 1951 Issue 2 - 005
		It is not widely used, however; it has not been introduced in the United States and is hardly used any more in Europe.
		Obtained by the hydrogenation of the double bond of codeine, this derivative has suffered the same fate as dihydromorphine.
		This compound (V), prepared by the Knoll Laboratories in 1926, results from the rearrangement of morphine under the action of catalysts like platinum or palladium, in the presence or absence of hydrogen.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/bulletin/bulletin_1951-01-01_2_page006.html (7221 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #7352733 - Iodination of morphine and dihydromorphine, as related to radioimmunoassay
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Iodination of morphine and dihydromorphine, as related to radioimmunoassay
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=7352733 (136 words)

	PHA 4220 - Neurology Pharmacotherapeutics
		If the ether linkage is opened up to afford a second OH on the aromatic ring, activity is reduced 90% (see below).
		Reduction of the 7,8-double bond results in a slight increase in activity, as in dihydromorphine and dihydrocodeine.
		As mentioned above, saturation of the 7,8-double bond has the greates effect when combined with modifications at the 6-position (as in dihydromorphinone).
	wiz2.pharm.wayne.edu /module/opioid.html (1790 words)

	Lib #: 971138 - Determination of the dihydrocodeine metabolites, dihydromorphine and nordihydrocodeine, in hepatic ...
		Lib #: 971138 - Determination of the dihydrocodeine metabolites, dihydromorphine and nordihydrocodeine, in hepatic microsomal incubations by high-performance liquid chromatography
		Determination of the dihydrocodeine metabolites, dihydromorphine and nordihydrocodeine, in hepatic microsomal incubations by high-performance liquid chromatography
		Due to copyright restrictions, Waters cannot supply a copy of this reference.
	waters.com /WatersDivision/SiteSearch/AppLibDetails.asp?LibNum=971138 (62 words)

	Brain Gut Research Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Wilder-Smith CH, Hufschmid E, Thormann W. The visceral and somatic antinociceptive effects of dihydrocodeine and its metabolite, dihydromorphine.
		A cross-over study with extensive and quinidine-induced poor metabolizers.
		Hufschmid E, Theurillat R, Wilder-Smith CH, Thormann W. Characterization of the genetic polymorphism of dihydrocodeine O-demethylation in man via analysis of urinary dihydrocodeine and dihydromorphine by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.
	www.braingut.com /publications/index.html (823 words)

	Controlled Substances: Established Initial Aggregate Production Quotas for 2006
		DEA has taken into consideration the above comments along with the relevant 2005 manufacturing quotas, current 2005 sales and inventories, 2006 export requirements, additional applications received, and research and product development requirements.
		Regarding codeine (for conversion), codeine (for sale), difenoxin, dihydromorphine, diphenoxylate, fentanyl, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), hydromorphone, meperidine, methylphenidate, morphine, morphine (for conversion), oxycodone, oxymorphone, and tetrahydrocannabinols, the DEA has determined that the proposed initial 2006 aggregate production quotas are sufficient to meet the current 2006 estimated medical, scientific, research and industrial needs of the United States.
		Pursuant to 21 CFR part 1303, the Deputy Administrator of the DEA will, in 2006, adjust aggregate production quotas and individual manufacturing quotas allocated for the year based upon 2005 year-end inventory and actual 2005 disposition data supplied by quota recipients for each basic class of Schedule I or II controlled substance.
	www.washingtonwatchdog.org /documents/fr/05/de/09/fr09de05-115.html (823 words)

	Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions of Morphine, Codeine, and Their Derivatives: Theory and Clinical Reality, Part II -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Some have proposed that 2D6's activity to create dihydromorphine
		Wilder-Smith CH, Hufschmid E, Thorman W: The visceral and somatic antinociceptive effects of dihydrocodeine and its metabolite, dihydromorphine: a cross-over study with extensive and quinidine-induced poor metabolizers.
		Webb JA, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Abdul-Manap R, Hofmann U, Mikus G, Kamali F: Contribution of dihydrocodeine and dihydromorphine to analgesia following dihydrocodeine administration in man: a PK-PD modeling analysis.
	intl-psy.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/44/6/515 (3072 words)

	(WO/2003/011881) SUGAR DERIVATIVES OF HYDROMORPHONE, DIHYDROMORPHINE AND DIHYDROISOMORPHINE, COMPOSITIONS THEREOF AND ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		(WO/2003/011881) SUGAR DERIVATIVES OF HYDROMORPHONE, DIHYDROMORPHINE AND DIHYDROISOMORPHINE, COMPOSITIONS THEREOF AND USES FOR TREATING OR PREVENTING PAIN
		Latest bibliographic data on file with the International Bureau
		SUGAR DERIVATIVES OF HYDROMORPHONE, DIHYDROMORPHINE AND DIHYDROISOMORPHINE, COMPOSITIONS THEREOF AND USES FOR TREATING OR PREVENTING PAIN
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/11881.031030 (221 words)

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