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Topic: Diminished

	Diminished scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In music, a diminished scale is a scale in which the notes of the scale ascend in alternating intervals of a whole step and a half step.
		The name diminished comes from the fact that the first, third, fifth, and seventh notes of a diminished scale for a key form the diminished chord for that key.
		Because of the half-whole symmetry, there are only three distinct diminished scales, and a given diminished scale has only two modes (one beginning its ascent with a whole step between its first two notes, while the other begins its ascent with a half step or semitone).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diminished_scale (579 words)

	Lawlink NSW: 3. The Defence of Diminished Responsibility
		Diminished responsibility therefore served the purpose of avoiding a murder conviction and consequent mandatory life sentence in those cases where an offender was mentally impaired but not mentally ill, as defined under the defence of mental illness.
		Diminished responsibility is an intermediate defence for those offenders whose mental impairment is not so extreme as to warrant an acquittal and consequent indefinite detention in “strict custody” in a prison or psychiatric hospital, but whose mental state is nevertheless such that they should not be convicted of murder.
		In relation to diminished responsibility, therefore, it is the accused who must prove, on the balance of probabilities, that he or she suffered from diminished responsibility at the time of the unlawful killing.
	www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au /4a2565b5001b20d1/9a0e99b46a7710e24a2565f50005f875/097ff4b2540006614a2565ef001a7466?OpenDocument (15797 words)

	capacity
		"Diminished capacity" plea differs in important ways from "not guilty by reason of insanity." "Reason of insanity" is an affirmative defense to crimes.
		The diminished capacity plea is based in the belief that certain people, because of mental impairment or disease, are simply incapable of possessing the mental state required to commit a certain crime.
		In the example of murder and manslaughter, diminished capacity states that a certain defendant is incapable of intending to cause a death, and therefore must have at most caused such a death recklessly.
	www.law.cornell.edu /background/insane/capacity.html (659 words)

	Diminished responsibility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In jurisprudence, diminished responsibility (or diminished capacity) is a defense by excuse via which a defendant argues that although they broke the law, they should not be held criminally liable for doing so, as their mental functions were "diminished" or impaired.
		Peter Arenella, in the Columbia Law Review (1977 p.830), stated, "the defense [of diminished responsibility]...was first recognized by Scottish common law to reduce the punishment of the 'partially insane'." An example of a "diminished capacity" might be extremely low intelligence.
		This defense usually does not necessarily result in a verdict of "not guilty"; it often results in the substitution of a lesser offence (e.g., manslaughter instead of murder) or a mitigated sentence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diminished_responsibility (166 words)

	Diminished capacity
		This was the theme of the AAPL workshop, "Diminished Capacity and the Psychology of Intent." The logic of diminished-capacity-like defenses is that mental capacity to commit a crime, like mental illness, is not an all or none, fl and white phenomenon in every case.
		Diminished capacity meant a lessening of the mental capacity required to commit the crime "and the psychiatrist could testify as to the ultimate issue." The psychiatrist could explain to the jury why the defendant acted in violation of the law and how mental illness or intoxication lessened the person’s intent.
		In reaction to this successful diminished capacity defense, the law was changed both by voter initiative and by the legislature, which resulted in a dismantling of diminished capacity.
	www.emory.edu /AAPL/newsletter/N251_diminished_capacity.htm (1621 words)

	Diminished Capacities and Stupid Guitar Tricks
		Obviously, there are diminished chords within the diminished scale (duh), but those chords, like the diminished scale itself, are so symmetrical that they leave us fighting the "pattern" sound if we try to use them as material for lines.
		These four chords together contain all the tones of the E diminished scale, so by using just the chord tones of these four chords, lines could be built which would be based on diminished harmony without the sound of just "running the scale".
		Any diminished scale fragment you play on string 3 could be repeated on string 1 at the same fret; it'd just have the effect of sequencing your original idea up a major 6th.
	people.uncw.edu /russellr/diminished.html (531 words)

	Encyclopedia of Musical Topics -Diminished chord - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A diminished chord occurs in a major scale only on the seventh scale degree; in the key of C, this is BDF.
		The diminished fifth is part of the strong sense of resolution possible in the progression from the dominant seventh to the tonic.
		In a twelve tone equal tempered tuning, a diminished chord has 3 semitones between the third and fifth, 3 between the root and third, and 6 between the root and fifth.
	www.musicwalrus.com /Musical_Topics/diminished_chord.htm (389 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Diminished Capacity
		Diminished capacity, according to a local attorney, means a defendant does not have the capacity to understand the seriousness of the crime he may have committed, or the ability to comprehend the consequences of his actions.
		Diminished capacity recognizes that although a person accused of a crime was not suffering from a mental disease or defect when the offense was committed, his mental capacity may have been diminished by one of several factors so that he could not form the specific intent to commit the crime.
		A finding of diminished capacity has led a Southern District of New York judge to depart downward from the federal sentencing guidelines for a man whose trading in child pornography was found to be peripheral to his consuming obsession with sexual images on the Internet...
	www.lawkt.com /files/Diminished_Capacity.html (4572 words)

	Oct. 3, 2002 - Diminished 7th (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sometimes the Diminished seventh chord is refered to as a fully-diminished seventh chord, in order to make sure that there is no confusion between the diminished seventh chord, the half-diminished seventh chord, and the diminished chord (diminihsed triad).
		To understand this, it helps to see that a diminished seventh chord is created by stacking a minor third on top of a minor third on top of a minor third, and that the diminished seventh which is created by doing this is a minor third below the octave of the root note.
		Diminished Seventh chords are often heard as passing chords, that is they are created as temporary chords while moving from one chord to another, in a series of chords.
	members.aol.com /snglstringtheory/archive/oct3.html (1297 words)

	AutoMuse: Diminished Value Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Although an insurer is not obligated to pay for the “diminished value” of a properly repaired vehicle in response to a first party claim, the owner of a vehicle may seek damages in tort for lost value from a tortfeasor who has caused damage to the vehicle.
		Other states allow insurers to exclude diminished value payments for their policyholders and this results in only the person who was not at fault being able to claim and recover the decreased value caused to the car.
		Diminished value is the phrase we use to describe the decrease in value your vehicle suffers from an adverse event -- typically, when it has been involved in an accident.
	www.vehicleinfo.com /AutoMuse/archives/diminished_value (12070 words)

	psychological assessment of diminished capacity
		Diminished capacity exists when a defendant has a mental disease or disorder which affects his/her state of mind, as it relates to the commission of a crime.
		Thus, the burden of proof in establishing diminished capacity, is if the presence of a psychological disorder suggests that there is reasonable doubt concerning the required state of mind, then the defendant must be acquitted.
		So, psychologists may be asked to evaluate a defendant to determine whether he/she has a mental disorder, and further, whether that mental disorder could have impaired his/her capacity to knowingly or purposely commit a criminal act.
	www.psychologyinfo.com /forensic/diminished_capacity.html (360 words)

	Daddy Doodle's Guitaropedia Discussions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A doubly diminished interval is made by subtracting two chromatic semitones from a perfect or minor interval, for example G--Fbb, G#--Fb and G?-F are all doubly diminished 7ths derived from the minor 7th G--F. Again, no reference to a doubly diminished chord, which seems to exist, but, where, I don't know.
		My question to you is "Where did you encounter the doubly diminished chord and what notes comprised that chord?" Based on the information gleaned at www.grovemusic.com, I suspect that the doubly diminished chord could be a chord derived from a diminished scale -- let me emphasize, that's a guess.
		It seems to me that "diminished, full diminished, doubly diminished and dim7" all mean the same thing; it also seems that "m7b5 and half diminished" mean the same thing.
	www.daddydoodle.com /messages/227.html (642 words)

	TonalityGUIDE: diminished seventh chords (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The diminished seventh - with its characteristic rich sound created by a stack of three minor thirds - is the diatonic chord of vii7 in minor keys.
		Diminished sevenths usually resolve according to the following general rule: the two diminished fifths marked on the first example below pull inwards to a third as shown.
		In the following examples, the diminished sevenths have an intensifying effect - unlike the example in longer progressions where the diminished seventh is part of a modulation.
	www.tonalityguide.com /xxdim7.php (310 words)

	IRMI - Perceptual Diminished Value for Personal Autos
		One point that several sources made is that if a consumer has an opportunity to buy a 3-year-old vehicle that has never been in an accident or a 3-year-old vehicle that has been involved in a substantial accident but was properly repaired, he or she would still prefer the vehicle that is accident-free.
		The argument is that diminished value, if it exists, is considered an indirect or consequential loss, and thus not payable under the PAP.
		This is a precedent-setting case, as class action suits for diminished value have never been certified in the past.
	www.irmi.com /Insights/Articles/2001/Olson04.aspx (1364 words)

	Diminshed Responsibility
		Diminished Responsibility (In the USA it is called Diminished Capacity) is used to reduce the charge of Murder to Manslaughter thus allowing the judge more discretion in sentencing.
		It seems that the major problem with the present arrangement for Diminished Responsibility is in the words that psychiatry uses and the words that law uses use and this could be overcome by redefining this defence in the statutes.
		The problem that has developed concerning Diminished Responsibility is not about the basic concept because most people agree with it when it is really used in the role of the merciful function of the law in cases deserving of this as it has developed historically.
	www.priory.com /psych/diminshe.htm (3535 words)

	RE: You say diminished, I say flatted..... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The whole diminished thing is a bit of a can of worms.
		If you be specific, and say diminished triad, then yes, chord vii is a diminished triad, but to just call it a diminished chord is too vague and could be misleading.
		The symbol for a dim chord is little circle, like the "degrees" symbol, and the symbol for half-diminished is a circle with a diagonal line through (like the greek letter phi).
	www.wfg.woodwind.org /BBoard/read.html?id=6940 (247 words)

	XTC Forum - Half Diminished (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It's no longer a fully diminished chord, and it's not called a diminished augmented because the bulk of the chord is diminished.
		In other words, for it to be "diminished augmented" you would have to also be raising all the fourths in the major chord as well as lowering all the thirds, which would give you C, E-flat, G-flat, B-flat, C, and an added D on the end.
		I would just say "diminished, add (insert note)" as in "C diminished, add 7" or "C diminished, add D." I've known a few music majors in my time and their dependence on the semantics of theory can sometimes get in the way of it's actual practice.
	xtcidearecords.co.uk /cgi-bin/ikonboard/topic.cgi?forum=37&topic=363 (960 words)

	Section II: Glossary
		According to Professor Arenella’s analysis, diminished capacity mens rea allows evidence of almost unlimited mental disorder, since any showing that the defendant was less mentally capable than a normal person of having the requisite mental state for the offense is admissible.
		Diminished responsibility refers to use of mental disability evidence to reduce the degree of crime.
		Diminished responsibility and the various labels for it are mentioned in this Glossary merely to have readers distinguish it from the mens rea model and its subdivisions (strict mens rea and diminished capacity mens rea) as described in Glossary items D, E and F, which are the main focus of this study.
	www.diminishedcapacity.com /sec2.htm (1752 words)

	The Diminished Scale (Lesson 1)
		The diminished scale is a symmetrical scale, constructed from a repeated sequence of intervals (major second, minor second).
		The same is true of the D, F, Ab, and B diminished scales, and of the Eb, Gb, A, and C diminished scales.
		If one looks more closely at the way the diminished scale is constructed, one will find that all of the intervals between a minor second and an octave (inclusive) may be found in the scale.
	www.malletjazz.com /lessons/dim_les1.html (462 words)

	Diminished temperament (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Diminished temperament is a linear temperament with a unison vector of [3 4 -4] (648/625).
		This tuning has a period of 1/4 octave and a generator of around 90 cents.
		64-ET (inconsistent) is a versatile tuning, which in addition to the diminished temperament can be used as either a meantone or kleismic temperament.
	www.io.com /~hmiller/music/temp-diminished.html (223 words)

	Diminished responsibility -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This is similar to an (Click link for more info and facts about insanity defense) insanity defense.
		." An example of a "diminished capacity" might be extremely low (The ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience) intelligence.
		The (Click link for more info and facts about California Penal Code) California Penal Code states (2002), "The defense of diminished capacity is hereby abolished...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/di/diminished_responsibility.htm (100 words)

	Michael A. Colbach \| Diminished Value Claims \| Oregon Attorney at Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Diminished value is the amount by which the resale value of your damage repaired vehicle is diminished.
		The value of your diminished value claim is based on a number of factors, including: The value of your vehicle, the pre damage condition, the amount of damage, the amount of structural damage or frame damage, and the desirability of your vehicle.
		The only way to truly know what the diminished value of your vehicle is to have it appraised by a qualified appraiser.
	www.colbachlaw.com /diminishedvalue.html (532 words)

	Harp On! Diminished Chromatic Harmonica Introduction
		Key of G diminished has the advantage that from hole 3 onwards the reeds are very close dimensions to the notes as on a short slot C solo.
		Another point is I have been practising on a G diminished HH260 for a while, it has a 2.5 octave range, about that of a saxophone played normally.
		With Diminished tuning, based on my comments above the keys I'd suggest would be anything between G below middle C up to C diminished starting on middle C, I could do D above middle C, but it requires a little more work.
	www.angelfire.com /music/harmonica/dimichromintro.html (1984 words)

	The Scorecard on Globalization 1980 - 2000: Twenty Years of Dimished Progress, by M. Weisbrot, D. Baker, E. Kraev, and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This finding does not prove that the policies associated with globalization are necessarily the cause of diminishing progress (or even backsliding) in low and middle-income countries.
		The results are overwhelmingly in one direction: in every category, the comparisons show diminished progress overall in the period of globalization as compared with the prior two decades.
		The few comparisons that show increased rates of progress in the second period nearly all involve groups of countries that were already performing relatively well at the start of the periods being examined.
	www.cepr.net /globalization/scorecard_on_globalization.htm (7361 words)

	California's diminished capacity defense: evolution and transformation. R. Weinstock, G. B. Leong and J. A. Silva (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Diminished capacity survives in California as a severely attenuated mens rea defense known as diminished actuality.
		As opposed to the all-or-none insanity defense, mens rea defenses permit the trier of fact to find gradations of guilt but are generally inapplicable unless the elements of a crime are redefined to permit consideration of motivational aspects, as California had done.
		The change from diminished capacity to a diminished actuality defense was a return to the complex, somewhat artificial legal concept of intent and a resurrection of confusing and antiquated common law definitions.
	www.emory.edu /AAPL/Bull/J243-347.htm (203 words)

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