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	Dingiswayo - MSN Encarta
		Dingiswayo (1770?-1817), paramount chief of the Mthethwa confederation, one of four Nguni confederations that dominated the northeastern region of present-day South Africa before the rise of the Zulu empire.
		Dingiswayo’s father, Jobe, was chief of the Mthethwa, a small Nguni group, and a confederation of other groups.
		Dingiswayo aimed to control the growing trade in ivory, beads, and brass between the northern Nguni area and the Portuguese port at Delagoa Bay.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761587408/Dingiswayo.html (232 words)

	Dingiswayo
		Dingiswayo's regiments were each distinguished by a name and by the colour of the shields carried by the men, and his warriors wore very imposing wardress.
		In 1816, Dingiswayo lent Shaka a regiment and with this support, Shaka was able to overcome Sigujana and kill him, and the Zulu recognized Dingiswayo's appointment of Shaka as their chief.
		Another view was that Shaka deliberately betrayed Dingiswayo as Shaka was anxious to rid himself of his overlord; another made out that Shaka had not been given time to complete his arrangements for joining the precipitate expedition and missed the battle altogether.
	home.intekom.com /southafricanhistoryonline/pages/people/dingiswayo.htm (1168 words)

	Dingiswayo - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Dingiswayo was a Mthethwa chief, best known for his mentorship over a young Zulu general, Shaka Zulu, who rose to become the greatest of the Zulu kings.
		Dingiswayo's new military tactics were an adoption of western techniques of drills and formation movements under a chain of command.
		Dingiswayo was killed by Zwide, and the Mthethwa defeated and scattered, the remnants reforming under Shaka.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Dingiswayo (477 words)

	Shaka - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Dingiswayo called up the emDlatsheni iNtanga (age-group), of which he was part, and incorporated it in the iziCwe regiment.
		Shaka still recognised Dingiswayo and his larger Mthethwa clan as overlord after he returned to the Zulu, but some years later Dingiswayo was ambushed by Zwide's amaNdwandwe and killed.
		His diplomatic and political skills have been contrasted unfavorably to his predecessor, Dingiswayo, but it is clear Shaka was a shrewd individual, able to effectively manipulate the tribal culture, and was an outstanding military tactician, though flawed in other important respects.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Shaka (4209 words)

	Shaka Summary
		The latter phase of this period of exile was spent in the territory of the Mthethwa chief Dingiswayo.
		Dingiswayo had established a Mthethwa overlordship; Shaka created a centralized monarchy in which the chiefdoms of the past were obliterated except in certain privileged enclaves and on the marches of his kingdom, where some chiefly lines seem to have retained a measure of local authority under a client relationship.
		Later Dingiswayo was murdered by Zwide, a powerful chief of the Ndwandwe (Nxumalo) clan.
	www.bookrags.com /Shaka (5818 words)

	Nguni Imports Presents: Virtual Africa
		Dingiswayo had a talent for forging alliances, and soon built a powerful kingdom of individual clans (his people, the Mthethwa, being the strongest).
		Under Dingiswayo, young men within the Mthethwa confederation were organized in the military regiments (among the first of their kind).
		Dingiswayo recognized his potential, and soon Shaka was in command of his regiment.
	www.nguni.com /culture/virtualafrica/sageneral/meanwhile.html (1883 words)

	dimmurder
		Thobile Dingiswayo, 27, of the Mamata administrative area, was not asked to plead and was remanded in custody for further investigation until May15.
		Dingiswayo faces five counts of murder and two of rape, and charges of arson, hijacking, kidnapping, malicious damage to property, robbery and theft.
		After the hearing, Dingiswayo was whisked to a waiting police vehicle in the courtyard, followed by the angry crowd of people who had crammed the court.
	www.dispatch.co.za /2002/04/16/easterncape/DIMMURDE.HTM (412 words)

	Global Youth Initiative - Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Dingiswayo helped to redirect Shaka’s anger and hatred by guiding him to gain a vision for uniting all the African tribes in the southern half of the continent under a single empire.
		Dingiswayo made Shaka realise that the most important thing to accomplish, for the growth and development of their people, was to unite them all under one Great Chief who would be strong enough to withstand any invasion.
		Dingiswayo warned Shaka, “You don’t want the children of Zulu to become slaves, swallows herd some of our people to great logs of wood floating deep into the sea, never to be seen again.
	www.globalyouthinitiative.com /article.asp?article_id=1 (4808 words)

	South Africa - Shaka and the Rise of the Zulu State
		Shaka Zulu was born in 1787, the illegitimate son of Senzangakona, chief of the Zulu clan.
		Dingiswayo was so impressed by Shaka that in 1816 he helped him become chief of the Zulu upon the death of Senzangakona.
		When Dingiswayo was killed, Shaka with his military machine avenged his mentor's death, destroying the Ndwandwe in battle (two of Zwide's generals, Shoshangane and Zwangendaba, fled north and established kingdoms in present-day Mozambique and southern Tanzania, respectively).
	countrystudies.us /south-africa/9.htm (631 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It was during this time that Shaka developed the tactic of using the short stabbing spear or assegai and fighting barefoot - thus dispensing with the previous tactic of each warrior being shed with sandals and carrying three long throwing spears which slowed them up considerably and reduced their effectiveness.
		Dingiswayo, having obtained knowledge of military organisation from the White people at Delagoa Bay, definitely also influenced Shaka and this knowledge was to be used later to great effect.
		When Dingiswayo was murdered by Zwide in 1818 Shaka immediately assumed leadership at the Battle of Qokli Hill which followed.
	www.dynagen.co.za /eugene/scratches/shaka.html (1061 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> gl:Shaka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Dingiswayo called up the emDlatsheni iNtanga (age-group), of which Shaka was part, and incorporated it in the iziCwe regiment.
		Shaka served as a Mthethwa warrior for perhaps as long as ten years, and distinguished himself with his courage, though he did not, as legend has it, rise to great position.
		Later Dingiswayo was murdered by Zwide, a powerful chief of the Ndwandwe (Nxumalo) clan.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/gl:Shaka (4136 words)

	Zululand EcoAdventures - Shaka Zulu.
		Shaka was about twenty-three years old when Dingiswayo called up the emDlatsheni iNtanga (age-group), of which he was part, and incorporated it in the iziCwe regiment.
		Dingiswayo, having himself been exiled after a failed attempt to oust his father, had brought back new ideas of military organisation, in particular the regiment impi and a chain of command.
		He still recognised Dingiswayo and his larger Mthethwa clan as overlord after he returned to the Zulu, but a year later he betrayed Dingiswayo to Zwide, king of the northern Ndwandwe clan, in a divide-and-conquer strategy which benefited his still (in 1500) small Zulu clan.
	www.eshowe.com /article/articlestatic/55/1/18 (1641 words)

	Zululand EcoAdventures - Zulu
		Shaka fought as a warrior under Dingiswayo, chief of the Mthethwa.
		After Dingiswayo was murdered by king Zwide of the Ndwandwe, the Mthethwa placed themselves under Shaka\'s rule, and took on the name Zulu.
		Shaka built upon Dingiswayo\'s military reforms, and, using superior tactics, expanded the territory controlled by the Zulu to form the Zulu Kingdom.
	www.eshowe.com /article/articlestatic/70/1/13 (1566 words)

	Dingiswayo - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Dingiswayo (?-1817) chief (1807-1817) of the small Zulu tribe of Mthethwa, who extended his control over about 30 different peoples, creating a...
		Under Shaka’s leadership the Zulu swiftly became a regional power.
		In 1817 the Ndwandwe, under Zwide, defeated and broke up the Mthethwa, led by Dingiswayo.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Dingiswayo.html (73 words)

	CHAKA
		On one of his forays into the Andwandwe country, probably about 1818, Dingiswayo was with the advance guard of his army and was taken prisoner by Zwide.
		Mindful of the magnanimity so often manifested by Dingiswayo when he was in a similar predicament, Zwide wished to liberate his captive.
		His ambition was made of sterner stuff, and he entirely disapproved of Dingiswayo's policy of releasing prisoners and of allowing vanquished enemies to re-occupy their land.
	www.anglo.50megs.com /chaka.htm (2979 words)

	sociology - Zulu
		Shaka fought as a warrior under Dingiswayo, chief of the Mthethwa.
		After Dingiswayo was murdered by king Zwide of the Ndwandwe, the Mthethwa placed themselves under Shaka's rule, and took on the name Zulu.
		Shaka built upon Dingiswayo's military reforms, and, using superior tactics, expanded the territory controlled by the Zulu to form the Zulu Kingdom.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Zulu (841 words)

	Shaka ca 1787 1787 1828 1828 changed the Zulu Zulu... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Dingiswayo Dingiswayo, having himself been exiled after a failed attempt to oust his father, had brought back new ideas of military organisation, in particular the regiment (impi impi) and a chain of command.
		When Shaka became Zulu chief he institued a regimental system of similar to that of Dingiswayo Dingiswayo and replaced the light throwing javelin javelins, called "assegais" with heavy bladed thrusting spear spears called "i-klwas".
		He still recognised Dingiswayo Dingiswayo and his larger Mthethwa Mthethwa clan as overlord after he returned to the Zulu Zulu, but a year later he betrayed Dingiswayo to Zwide Zwide, king of the northern Ndwandwe Ndwandwe clan, in a divide-and-conquer strategy to the benefit of his still small (1500) Zulu clan.
	www.biodatabase.de /Shaka (1513 words)

	History of Mzilikazi, King of the Matebele ( Ndebele ) :::: Bulawayo1872.com
		The territory of the Northern Khumalo was located near the Black Mfolozi River, squeezed between the lands of two strong rival groups: the expanding Mthethwa chiefdom of Dingiswayo and the land of the equally ambitious and much more ferocious Zwide of the Ndwandwe.
		Mzilikazi's boyhood was spent in the household of his grandfather Zwide.
		Inevitably, as he grew to manhood he observed the less powerful Khumalo being drawn into the conflict between Dingiswayo and Zwide.
	www.bulawayo1872.com /history/mzilikazi.htm (901 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Military History \| Shaka: Zulu Chieftain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The fierce competition among the cattle-herding Ngunis for the scarce grazing land was drastically changing the nature of warfare from a quasi-recreational pastime to a serious struggle for survival.
		When King Dingiswayo called up Shaka's age group to form the Izi-cwe ("Bushmen") regiment, the 21-year-old recruit stood 6 feet, 3 inches, with a body that seemed to be all muscle, sinew and bone.
		Later, King Dingiswayo and his army found the Butelezi tribe drawn up in battle formation on a ridge, with their cattle behind them and, farther back, their women and children.
	www.historynet.com /magazines/military_history/3032216.html (1370 words)

	math lessons - Shaka
		On the death of Senzangakona, Dingiswayo aided Shaka to defeat his brother and assume leadership in 1816.
		He was dissatisfied with the long throwing assegai, of which traditional warriors carried three - he could see no point in throwing away a weapon.
		He still recognised Dingiswayo and his larger Mthethwa clan as overlord after he returned to the Zulu, but a year later he betrayed Dingiswayo to Zwide, king of the northern Ndwandwe clan, in a divide-and-conquer strategy which benefited his still small Zulu clan.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Shaka (1526 words)

	Shaka
		At age 23, he was conscripted into the Izi-cwe regiment of the army of Dingiswayo, the Mtetwa king.
		Dingiswayo recognized Shaka's ability as a leader, and envisioned him as a chieftain rather than a soldier.
		Where Dingiswayo resorted to war after palaver failed, Shaka was preoccupied with total annihilation of the enemy.
	www.blackhistorypages.net /pages/shaka.php (937 words)

	Ilembe District Municipality: Heavens People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Zulu chiefdom was small, relatively insignificant and subordinate to Dingiswayo, ruler of the emerging Mthethwa state.
		Zulu territory was, however, strategically important to Dingiswayo's rivalry with the equally-rapacious Ndwandwe leaders, and he cultivated the allegiance of Jama's heir-apparent, Senzangakhona - He Who Acts with Good Reason.
		All that now stood between the Ndwandwe and total dominance of the entire region between Phongolo and Thukela Rivers was the small Zulu state under its new leader - the illegitimate son of Senzangakhona and Nandi - King Shaka.
	www.ilembe.gov.za:81 /index.php?id=82 (223 words)

	Sonlife Ministries - Sowing the Seeds for an Indigenous Movement: Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		When Shaka's father died, Dingiswayo helped Shaka to become a Chief in the Zulu clan.
		He believed that some of Dingiswayo's methods would not realistic enough -- in the end, his vision began to exceed that of Dingiswayo.
		Each time Shaka returned from a battle, Dingiswayo would shower him with accolades and give him a dozen heads of cattle -- but Shaka would first distribute these to his men -- only taking one cow from each dozen for himself.
	www.sonlife.com /international/articles/gyi-africa-2001.asp (4806 words)

	King Tshaka ka Senzangakona Zulu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		But, as Dingiswayo's favourite, he seems to have been granted an unusual amount of freedom to carve out a bigger principality for himself by conquering and assimilating his neighbours, including the Buthelezi clan and the Langeni of his boyhood days.
		According to the diary of Henry Francis Fynn, Dingiswayo's death (c.1818) was the result of Shaka's treachery, though firm testimony of this is lacking.
		Zwide later murdered Dingiswayo, and, when the leaderless Mthethwa state collapsed, Shaka immediately assumed leadership and began conquering surrounding chiefdoms himself, adding their forces to his own and building up a new kingdom.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/people/zulu-shaka.htm (2426 words)

	shaka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The son of the Zulu chieftain but born of a repudiated wife, Shaka spent his childhood and youth in exile, stigmatized and humiliated.
		In his twenties he distinguished himself for six years as a warrior in the service of Chief Dingiswayo of the Mthethwa.
		By the time his overlord, Dingiswayo, was killed in 1817, Shaka was ready to unleash his pent-up fury on all other clans in the area.
	members.tripod.com /~CoteA/shaka.html (264 words)

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