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Topic: Dinmukhamed Kunayev

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	History of Kazakhstan - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In December 1986, Soviet premier Mikhail S. Gorbachev (in office 1985-1991) forced the resignation of Dinmukhamed Kunayev, an ethnic Kazakh who had led the republic as first secretary of the CPK from 1959 to 1962, and again starting in 1964.
		During 1985, Kunayev had been under official attack for cronyism, mismanagement, and malfeasance; thus, his departure was not a surprise.
		Kunayev had been ousted largely because the economy was failing.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/History_of_Kazakhstan (3841 words)

	Perestroika [Sam Marcy]: Article 14 (1990)
		The imperialist press, to the extent they covered it, implied that Kunayev was a Brezhnev supporter, a so-called conservative who would not follow the new line of restructuring (perestroika) of the Gorbachev administration.
		Kunayev, however, had some points of criticism which showed that as far as Kazakhstan goes, he was looking in another direction.
		This poses a considerable problem for the Gorbachev administration, which is intent on slowing down the development of such projects and concentrating the financial and technical resources of the country on utilizing high technology in selective areas, the ultimate aim being to modernize the entire industrial infrastructure of the USSR.
	www.workers.org /marcy/cd/sampere/perehtml/14.htm (4417 words)

	Kazakhstan
		7 Dec 1964 - 16 Dec 1986 Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev (s.a.)
		31 Mar 1955 - 20 Jan 1960 Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev (s.a.) CPK
		26 Dec 1962 - 7 Dec 1964 Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev (s.a.) CPK
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Kazakhstan.htm (1246 words)

	The New York Review of Books: Dons of the Don
		It seems that Kunayev's wife was jealous after learning that the wife of the Magadan Party secretary had been given as a gift an extremely expensive Japanese tea service.
		Kunayev was stuck in Alma-Ata and Shcherbitsky, the Ukrainian Party chief, somehow could not coax his own plane to leave quickly enough from San Francisco to make it back in time to Moscow.
		But just as he could never distance himself enough from a discredited ideology, Gorbachev's inability to jettison the Party nomenklatura and his political debts to the KGB spoiled his reputation over time in the eyes of a people that had grown more and more aware of the corruption and deceit in their midst.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/oppenheimer/100/remnicknyrb.html (7059 words)

	Index Kl-Ky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		An interest in metals research led to his appointment as president of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan (1952-55), and he was promoted to chairman of the republic's Council of Ministers in 1955, when Leonid Brezhnev was the republic's party leader.
		Kunayev first became party leader in 1960 but lost the post two years later when Nikita Khrushchev sought a scapegoat for poor performance in the virgin lands program, intended to increase wheat production.
		Although Kunayev's term was marked by autocratic ruthlessness and corruption, there were widespread protests when he was replaced in 1986.
	www.manic-raven.com /rulers/indexk3.html (19463 words)

	Workers World [Sam Marcy]: The USSR and the oppressed nations (Sept. 26, 1991)
		One Politburo member who did not support Gorbachev's nomination was Dinmukhamed Kunayev, head of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan for a quarter of a century.
		One important indication of Kunayev's prestige was that he himself was neither imprisoned nor indicted, and to this day is said to be alive and well and a strong supporter of the conservative grouping.
		Kunayev's opposition to the reforms lay at the base of Gorbachev's effort to illegally and unconstitutionally remove him.
	www.workers.org /marcy/cd/sam91/1991html/s910926.htm (6259 words)

	Kazakstan Reform and Nationalist Conflict
		In this period, Kazakstan was ruled by a succession of three Communist Party officials; the third of those men, Nursultan Nazarbayev, continued as president of the Republic of Kazakstan when independence was proclaimed in 1991.
		In December 1986, Soviet premier Mikhail S. Gorbachev (in office 1985-91) forced the resignation of Dinmukhamed Kunayev, an ethnic Kazak who had led the republic as first secretary of the CPK from 1959 to 1962, and again starting in 1964.
		Although Kazakstan had the third-largest gross domestic product (GDP--see Glossary) in the Soviet Union, trailing only Russia and Ukraine, by 1987 labor productivity had decreased 12 percent, and per capita income had fallen by 24 percent of the national norm.
	www.country-studies.com /kazakstan/reform-and-nationalist-conflict.html (635 words)

	Brad Cox, Ph.D.
		But they did not by themselves constitute the kind of rupture that took place with the ouster of Dinmukhamed Kunayev, a Kazakh who was a member of the Politburo from 1966 until January 1987.
		Kunayev's removal as First Secretary of the Kazakhstan Party in December 1986, and his replacement by a Russian, Gennadi Kolbin, was followed by a major rebellion in the capital of Alma-Ata.
		His dismissal of Kunayev was not just an error of judgment, it was a brutal intervention in the internal affairs of what was considered then a constituent republic, the third largest.
	www.virtualschool.edu /mon/SocialConstruction/CollapseOfRussiaAndMarx.html (5760 words)

	Kazakhstan HISTORY
		Because Russians and other Europeans nearly equal the number of Kazakhs in the republic, virtually every public act requires a delicate balancing of differing interests.
		On 16 December 1986, Mikhail Gorbachev replaced Kazakhstan's longtime leader Dinmukhamed Kunayev, a Kazakh, with a Russian from outside the republic.
		This set off three days of rioting, the first public nationalist protest in the Soviet Union.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Asia-and-Oceania/Kazakhstan-HISTORY.html (1841 words)

	Article 8 * Perestroika: A Marxist Critique [Sam Marcy]
		In December 1986, two people were killed in severe fighting in Alma-Ata, in the Central Asian republic of Kazakhstan, after the first secretary of the Communist Party there, Dinmukhamed A. Kunayev, a Kazakh, was removed and replaced by Gennadi V. Kolbin, a Russian.
		According to the official Soviet accounts, Kunayev was removed for corruption and inefficiency.
		These problems--the cancellation of the irrigation project, manipulation of geographical areas and finally the replacement of Kunayev by Kolbin--could not but have had a disturbing effect in the region.
	www.workers.org /marcy/perestroika/8.html (6284 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Russians in Kazakhstan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Some 3,000 people took part in protests in Almaty, after Gennadi Kolbin, an ethnic Russian, was appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, replacing the Dinmukhamed Kunayev, an ethnic Kazakh.
		Although regarded as corrupt, he was a popular Kazakh politician.
		Nevertheless the two countries seem to be already having an increasingly uneasy relationship, largely because of the considerable Russian population still living in Kazakhstan.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=70501 (3442 words)

	FRUS, 1958-60, Vol. X, Part 1: 13 - Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		He said Belayev would be replaced in Kazakhstan by Kunayev who is presently Chairman of Kazakh Council of Ministers./3/ He thought Belayev might be sent to Stavropol where party chief is being retired.
		Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev, Chairman of the Kazakh Council of Ministers, was appointed First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in Kazakhstan sometime in 1960.
		At luncheon Khrushchev asked Mikoyan to preside as toastmaster and it is clear that their relationship continued to be close.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/frus/frus58-60x1/13soviet7.html (19896 words)

	Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com
		Books and Others to each Topic: "Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev".
		A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
	www.indexsuche.com /Dinmukhamed_Akhmedovich_Kunayev.html (59 words)

	What can the science journalist learn from David Remnick's Lenin's Tomb? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In general, however, establishing a rapport with foreign scientists and understanding their findings may be greatly facilitated through knowledge of the investigators' mother tongue.
		For example, after failing to doorstep Kazakh Party Chief Dinmukhamed Kunayev, Remnick adopts a more diplomatic tack and sends him a list of ``nice'' questions to ensure that he gets the interview.
		Particularly important is Remnick's tendency to simply ``be around'' when interesting events or chance meetings occur.
	cfi.lbl.gov /~maltz/lenin3 (3167 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Symbolically, exiled intellectual Andrei Sakharov was invited to return to Moscow by Gorbachev in December 1986 after six years exiled in Gorky.
		During the same month, however, signs of the nationalities problem that would haunt the later years of the Soviet Union surfaced as riots occurred in Kazakhstan after Dinmukhamed Kunayev was replaced as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
		In December 1986, the first signs of the nationalities problem that would haunt the later years of the Soviet Union\'s existence surfaced as riots occurred in Alma Ata and other areas of Kazakhstan after Dinmukhamed Kunayev was replaced as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
	www.pacificacaus.com /details/Mikhail_Gorbachyov (7111 words)

	Soviet republics
		1966) 19 Jan 1960 - Dec 1962 Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev (1st time) (b.
		1914) 7 Dec 1964 - 16 Dec 1986 Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev (2nd time) (s.a.) 16 Dec 1986 - 22 Jun 1989 Gennady Vasilyevich Kolbin (b.
		1991) 31 Mar 1955 - 20 Jan 1960 Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev (1st time) (s.a.) 20 Jan 1960 - 6 Jan 1961 Zhumabek Akhmetovich Tashenev (s.a.) 6 Jan 1961 - 13 Sep 1962 Salken Daulenovich Daulenov (b.
	rulers.org /sovrep.html (6736 words)

	KAZAKHSTAN
		Huge wheat plantations were established and the Soviets began to use Kazakhstan as a base for their space and nuclear programs.
		Dinmukhamed Kunayev, the Kazakh Communist Party first secretary between 1959 to 1986, and the only Kazakh ever in the Soviet Politburo, fostered better relations between Slavs and Kazakhs.
		Although Kazakhstan broke from the Soviet Union in October 1990 and proclaimed independence in December 1991,
	www.angelfire.com /poetry/hb4president (2715 words)

	The Third World Peoples of Soviet Central Asia - article by Daniel Pipes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The December 1986 riots in Alma-Ata, the capital of Kazakhstan, may have been a first step in this direction.
		In protest against the replacement of the longtime Kazakhstan party leader, Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev, a Kazakh, by Gennadi V. Kolbin, a Russian, several hundred students set cars and at least one building on fire.
		Some 280 persons are thought to have died.
	www.danielpipes.org /article/1025 (6466 words)

	Country Profile Kazakhstan - EIU Online Store (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Until the 1950s Russians dominated the republic both numerically and politically.
		However, although they continued to be subservient to Moscow, Kazakhs succeeded in gradually increasing their political power locally, especially under Dinmukhamed Kunayev, the first secretary of the Kazakh Communist Party (1962-86), who was a close friend of Leonid Brezhnev, general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).
		At the same time the urban Kazakh population became increasingly Russified.
	store.eiu.com /index.asp?layout=show_sample&product_id=30000203&country_id=KZ (16836 words)

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