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Topic: Diphenylamine

	666. Diphenylamine (Pesticide residues in food: 1984 evaluations)
		Diphenylamine may be used in conjunction with cooled storage in atmospheres where the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled.
		In view of certain toxicological issues, attention was given to the various methods of synthesising and purifying diphenylamine to produce a quality which is suitable and acceptable for the treatment of apples and pears as a means of preventing the development of superficial scald.
		A study of the extensive data on residues of diphenylamine in fruit confirms that the MRL recommended by the 1979 meeting (5 mg/kg) is adequate to cover the residues resulting from the effective use of modern commercial diphenylamine formulations.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v84pr20.htm (4704 words)

	157. Diphenylamine (FAO/PL:1969/M/17/1)
		Hydroxylated derivatives of diphenylamine have been detected in rat and dog faeces and represent excretion via the bile, since acid hydrolysed bile was found to contain 4-hydroxydiphenylamine.
		Feeding of diphenylamine did not influence the number of litters born or the incidence of mortality of the offspring.
		It was uncertain if diphenylamine was responsible for the reduced litter-size and weight of the young at 21 days which was observed in the group fed 5000 ppm of diphenylamine (Thomas et al., 1967a; Booth, 1963).
	www.inchem.org /documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v069pr13.htm (3519 words)

	DIPHENYLAMINE (N-PHENYL ANILINE)
		Diphenylamine is used as a parent compound for vulcanization accelerators and for antioxidants (and antiozonant) for rubber industry.
		Diphenylamine is used as a test for oxidizing agents and in detecting DNA in labs.
		Diphenylamine is used to absorb decomposed catalysts in solid fuel rocket propellant.
	www.chemicalland21.com /specialtychem/finechem/DIPHENYLAMINE.htm (1567 words)

	FORENSIC ANALYSIS PROVES RACAK "VICTIMS" NOT CIVILIANS, NOT EXECUTED
		Diphenylamine testing revealed that 37 of the 40 bodies had gunshot residue on their hands.
		Diphenylamine testing, sometimes referred to as the “paraffin glove” testing, was criticized during the prosecution case.
		Diphenylamine is applied to the foil and the chemical reaction causes nitrate particles to turn a bright blue color, thus making them visible.
	www.slobodan-milosevic.org /news/smorg040805.htm (927 words)

	Cosmetic formulations containing oxyethylated diphenylamines as sun screen agents - Patent 4438094
		The prepartion of claim 1 wherein the N-oxyethylated diphenylamine sun screen agent is a 5 to 15 mole ethylene oxide adduct of diphenylamine.
		In the first step, diphenylamine is preferably reacted with ethylene oxide in the presence of an acid catalyst, preferably a Lewis acid such as zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, or iron-III chloride at temperatures between 70.degree.
		Diphenylamines with oxyethylation degrees of less than 6 show a good solubility in alcohols, natural and synthetic esters, and other cosmetic based materials.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4438094.html (1769 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Diphenylamine; Pesticide Tolerances (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The meat and milk TMRC values recommended in the 1998 RED for diphenylamine were obtained from a ruminant feeding study which indicates that at 1x, 3x and 10x feeding rates (30 ppm, 90 ppm and 300 ppm diphenylamine) diphenylamine was detected in one or more meat, meat by-product or milk fractions.
		In assessing the potential for additional sensitivity of infants and children to residues of diphenylamine, EPA considered data from developmental toxicity studies in the rat and rabbit and a 2-generation reproduction study in the rat.
		Conclusion Numerous residues of diphenylamine have been detected on pears, a use which is not registered and does not have an established tolerance, by the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP) in both domestic and foreign pears due to inadvertant transfer of diphenylamine residues from apples to pears during packing.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1999/February/Day-19/p4159.htm (4696 words)

	Method and reagents for the detection, estimation and quantitative determination of nitrate ions - Patent 4003706
		Diphenylamine and diphenylamine sulfonic acid are known as very sensitive redox indicators and they are used for the detection of nitrate ions.
		A solution containing diphenylamine and 4,4'-sulfonyldianiline was proposed as a specific reagent for the detection and determination of nitrate ions, by E. ekely in Talanta, 1967, Vol.
		The term diphenylamine redox indicator as used herein is directed to diphenylamine and those compounds containing the diphenylamine configuration which are known to be useful as redox indicators.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4003706.html (2540 words)

	JFK Assassination Firearms Factoids -- The "Paraffin Test"
		After cooling, the casts were removed and treated with an acid solution of diphenylamine, a reagent used to detect nitrates and nitrites that originate from gunpowder and may be deposited on the skin after firing a weapon.
		The diphenylamine reagent is prepared by adding 10 cubic centimeters of concentrated sulfuric acid to 2 milliliters of distilled water.
		Theoretically, the diphenylamine reagent is used to test for the presence of nitrates, which are contained in the residue of gunpowder blown back on the hand in discharging the firearm.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /factoid2.htm (2357 words)

	Technology in Australia 1788-1988, Chapter 9, page 643
		Diphenylamine was also an intermediate in the manufacture of sulphur containing antioxidants for the rubber compounding industry.
		Although diphenylamine had some use in explosives, its main potential in Australia was for a specialised, particularly Australian purpose, the synthesis of phenothiazine.
		It included an ingenious method of utilising the heat in the vapour from the catalyst chamber to fractionate the diphenylamine from the excess aniline (conversion was only 20 per cent), which was recycled directly to the vaporiser.
	www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au /tia/643.html (690 words)

	Nitrate Poisoning
		A qualitative check called the diphenylamine test can be used to screen forages for potential harm.
		If results of the diphenylamine test are positive, send forage samples to a laboratory for quantitative analysis.
		Prepare the test solution by mixing 0.5 grams diphenylamine with 20 milliliters of distilled water, then bringing the total to 100 milliliters with concentrated sulfuric acid.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /PUBS/LIVESTK/01610.html (1728 words)

	Re: What are the effects of a diphenylamine soln. for a DNA test of an onion?
		It is generally important to know the degree of purity of sample subjected to DNA test with diphenylamine.
		Diphenylamine reagent is very acidic (it contains high concentration of sulfuric acid and acetic acid).
		Diphenylamine reagent gives deep blue complexes with furfural which is a product of deoxyribose conversion at very acidic conditions.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/1997-03/858352107.Bc.r.html (303 words)

	BGSU - John Cable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Initial studies have been undertaken on diphenylamines and diphenylethers, as representatives of a class of compounds having diphenyl substituted heteroatoms.
		Our studies clearly show that diphenylamine acts as a hydrogen bond donor to water and also, as would be expected, to ammonia.
		The effect of hydrogen bonding with the ether oxygen on both the equilibrium structure and rotational barrier are currently under investigation.
	www.bgsu.edu /departments/chem/cable.html (452 words)

	Toxicologic Review of Selected Chemicals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Diphenylamine exists as monoclinic crystalline leaflets that discolor when exposed to light.
		Dietary studies of rats fed 0.025, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 percent diphenylamine for 226 days demonstrated nonmalignant renal cysts at the three highest doses (Thomas, Cox, and Deeds 1957/Ex.
		However, rats given diphenylamine crystals encapsulated in collodion developed bladder papillomas within 125 days (Yoshida, Shimauchi, and Kin 1941, as cited in ACGIH 1986/Ex.
	www.bu.edu /ehs/ih/tox/122-39.htm (278 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Evaluation of Diphenylamine Derivatives in Apple Peel Using Gradient Reversed-Phase Liquid ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The method was used to characterize and quantify diphenylamine and diphenylamine derivatives in diphenylamine-treated `Granny Smith¿ apple peel following 6 months of low oxygen cold storage.
		The method was found to be useful for routinely quantifying low to high concentrations of diphenylamine and diphenylamine derivatives in apple peel.
		Diphenylamine content appears to be a factor limiting diphenylamine derivative formation and their recovery from apple peel was valid over a wide range of treatment concentrations.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=178348 (411 words)

	synthesis of acridines by microwave heating
		It is mainly the heating of diphenylamine in the presence of zinc chloride and a carboxylic acid, temperature of reaction is 200-210ºC and reaction times are several hours.
		In our group we are interested in the application of microwave heating to organic synthesis [3], usually this reactions employ a domestic microwave oven and reaction vessels are just test tubes or beakers opened to the air.
		We thought that it might be the great excess of zinc chloride, thus we reduced it to two equivalents achieving a rise in the yield up to 80% (entry 3), with a ratio 1:1:1 diphenylamine:benzoic acid:znc chloride we obtained a 98% yield (entry 2).
	pages.unibas.ch /mdpi/ecsoc-4/a0068/a0068.htm (415 words)

	DIPHENYLAMINE/N-ISOPROPYLANILINE - (Organic Method #78)
		Diphenylamine samples should be refrigerated until analyzed to help minimize loss of analyte during storage.
		Diphenylamine is used as a stabilizer for nitrocellulose explosives and celluloids, and in the manufacture of dyes.
		The inlets of the impingers were attached to a humid air generator so air at approximately 80% relative humidity could be drawn through the generation apparatus.
	www.osha.gov /dts/sltc/methods/organic/org078/org078.html (2993 words)

	[No title]
		The primary postharvest chemicals used on apples are diphenylamine and thiabendazole.
		Thiabendazole is a fungicide that prevents postharvest decay in apples.
		Diphenylamine is used to help control apple scald.
	usda.mannlib.cornell.edu /usda/reports/nassr/other/pcu-bb/agph0598.txt (3414 words)

	Barium Diphenylaminesulfonate
		The health hazards are expected to parallel those for diphenylamine, CAS number 122-39-4 (a comparable compound).
		Inhalation of dusts of a comparable compound may cause irritation to the respiratory tract and cause moderate systemic effects such as methemoglobinemia by absorption.
		Diphenylamine (CAS #122-39-4), a comparable compound, reacts violently with hexachloromelamine, trichloromelamine and strong oxidizers.
	www.jtbaker.com /msds/englishhtml/b0396.htm (1012 words)

	Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society
		The toxicity was not affected by addition of sediment, indicating that trinitrotoluene was not bound appreciably to sediment, but toxicity decreased after storage for 30 days in the presence of sediment, indicating biological degradation or slow adsorption of the chemical.
		The toxicity of the other explosives was similar or lower than for trinitrotoluene, but the stabilising agent diphenylamine was slightly more toxic with ECILC50s between 0.5 and 5 mg 1.
		The toxicity of diphenylamine decreased after storage in water (hydrolysis) and with sediment (biodegradation), but both diphenylamine and its degradation products exhibited photoinduced toxicity.
	www.aehms.org /3_3_dave.html (355 words)

	DNA Extraction
		In test tube 2, add 3 ml of DNA standard solution; add 3 ml of diphenylamine indicator and mix.
		In test tube 3, add 3 ml of distilled water; add 3 ml of diphenylamine indicator and mix.
		Diphenylamine indicator reacts with deoxyribose compound of DNA to produce a blue color.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEPC/WWC/1991/dna.html (516 words)

	Chapter 14: Nucleic Acids
		Weigh out 15.0 mg of commercial lyophilized DNA and prepare a stock solution of 3.0 mg/ml by dissolving the DNA in 5.0 ml of SSC.
		This material will be used to prepare a standard curve for the diphenylamine reaction.
		To each of the five tubes containing in step 2 (each should contain only 2.0 ml), add exactly 4.0 ml of Dische diphenylamine reagent and mix well.
	homepages.gac.edu /~cellab/chpts/chpt14/ex14-4.html (371 words)

	What are the effects of a diphenylamine soln. for a DNA test of an onion?
		What are the effects of a diphenylamine soln.
		Saying that one did isolate the DNA and used a diphenylamine solution to test for the presents of DNA.
		Re:What are the effects of a diphenylamine soln.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/1997-03/858352107.Bc.q.html (92 words)

	[No title]
		The first such test was the "paraffin test" also known as the "Dermal Nitrate" or "diphenylamine test." (1) It was introduced in the United States in 1933 by Teodoro Gonzalez of the criminal identification laboratory, Mexico City police headquarters.
		In this test, the hands were coated with a layer of paraffin.
		The reagent is dropped on the paraffin mold with a pipette.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /ptest.txt (768 words)

	DNA Fragmentation Assays for Apoptosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Treat the supernatants and pellets with the diphenylamine reagent (Stock VI) and incubate at 370C for 16-24 hr before colorimetric assessment.
		Stock VI: Diphenylamine reagent (light sensitive) 1.5g of diphenylamine (steam-distilled) 100ml acetic acid (redistilled) 1.5ml of conc.
		On the day of usage, add 0.10ml of ag acetaldehyde (16mg/ml) to 20ml of the diphenylamine reagent.
	hedricklab.ucsd.edu /Protocol/DNAFRAG.html (600 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Reactions of Diphenylamine and Diphenylamine Derivatives in 'granny Smith' Apples and ...
		Citation: Rudell Jr, D.R., Mattheis, J.P. Reactions Of Diphenylamine And Diphenylamine Derivatives In 'granny Smith' Apples And Relationsips To Control Of Superficial Scald.
		Technical Abstract: Control of apple superficial scald (scald) using diphenylamine (DPA) is a common practice in many of the worlds apple producing regions.
		Scald incidence and severity were evaluated and peel diphenylamine and diphenylamine derivative content characterized and quantified using LC/MS.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=163082 (231 words)

	CHEM 2114 - Week 11
		First one comment on redox titrations, which we will not discuss in detail, but they do illustrate a general concept.
		As a familiar example from lab, when adding the oxidizing agent dichromate ion to oxidize Fe to Fe, all of the Fe must be oxidized before the dichromate will oxidize the diphenylamine sulphonate indicator.
		This occurs because the Fe gives up its electron more easily than does the diphenylamine sulphonate.
	www.chem.vt.edu /chem-dept/tissue/2114/notes/2114-week11.html (992 words)

	Color Tests for Diphenylamine Stabilizer and Related Compounds in Smokeless Gunpowder
		Reagents containing sulfuric acid commonly used in forensic science laboratories for drug testing have an application as well for the characterization of smokeless gunpowders.
		Sulfuric acid, alone or with modifying materials, will reach with diphenylamine stabilizer to give a considerable degree of intraclass variation among smokeless gunpowders.
		Author Maloney RS, Thornton JI Title Color Tests for Diphenylamine Stabilizer and Related Compounds in Smokeless Gunpowder Symposium, Committee on
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/127.htm (111 words)

	Biological Reagents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Dissolve the diphenylamine in sulphuric acid, then add the water.
		Cool the mixture slowly, add the HCl and allow to stand overnight.
		When dissolution is complete strain the dye through plastic gauze to remove the glass beads, wash the gauze through with distilled water to ensure all the dye is transfered.
	whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au /techinfo/bio_reagent.html (161 words)

	4-hydroxydiphenylamine - toxicity, ecologicial toxicity and regulatory information
		Quickview Toxicity Summary for Diphenylamine from U.S. EPA IRIS Database
		Health and other hazards, protective equipment, and handling of Diphenylamine (English), NJ RTK Factsheets
		Tolerances (MRLs) and Tolerance Exemptions for Residues of Diphenylamine in Food, US CFR 40 Section 180
	www.pesticideinfo.org /Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC39030 (811 words)

	88E-8 Influence of diphenylamine and carbon dioxide concentration on the color and texture of cut apples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		88E-8 Influence of diphenylamine and carbon dioxide concentration on the color and texture of cut apples
		Influence of diphenylamine and carbon dioxide concentration on the color and texture of cut apples
		Our objective was to determine the effect of treating whole apples with diphenylamine (DPA) prior to slicing and storage under high CO (15-60%) and low O
	ift.confex.com /ift/2001/techprogram/paper_9268.htm (347 words)

	Environmental Working Group \|\| foodnews.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Pesticides were found on 91 percent of the apples tested.
		The three pesticides found most often on apples were Diphenylamine (DPA), Thiabendazole, and Azinphos methyl.
		Most Apples are contaminated with more than one pesticide.
	www.foodnews.org /highpest.php?prod=PFR20N01& (109 words)

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