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Topic: Diphosgene

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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Diphosgene is related to phosgene but is more conveniently handled because it is a liquid, whereas phosgene is a gas.
		Diphosgene is prepared by radical chlorination of methyl chloroformate under UV light.
		Diphosgene has a relatively high vapor pressure of 10 mmHg (1.3 kPa) at 20 Â°C and decomposes to phosgene around 300 Â°C. Exposure to diphosgene is similar in hazard to phosgene and the MSDS should be consulted.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=diphosgene (309 words)

	Diphosgene
		Diphosgene vapour is a lung irritant and has an LC for rabbits at a concentration of 0.9 mg/l of air.
		Diphosgene was used as a poisonous gas in artillery shells by Germany during World War I.
		Diphosgene was developed because the vapours could destroy the filters in gas masks in use at the time.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/d/di/diphosgene.html (147 words)

	ONE-STEP POLYMERIZATION OF POLYANHYDRIDES (WO8901005A1)
		Diphosgene reacts with amino acids to form isocyanato acid chlorides without the need for additional reagents such as HC1, as are required in the analagous reaction with phosgene.
		Diphosgene is not as active as phosgene and there was concern that the reaction would not continue on to form the second molecule, shown in Figure 1C.
		Diphosgene PVP 10900 5300 1800 1735 79-80 10.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=WO08901005A1&hid=5 (2832 words)

	Diphosgene - Definition, explanation
		Diphosgene was used as a poisonous gas in artillery shells by Germany during World War I.
		Diphosgene was developed because the vapours could destroy the filters in gas masks in use at the time.
		Being a liquid, diphosgene is safer to handle and easier to measure than phosgene gas, which makes it a popular substitute for phosgene in the laboratory.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/d/di/diphosgene.php (206 words)

	Pure polyanhydride from dicarboxylic acid and coupling agent - Patent 4916204
		Diphosgene is not as active as phosgene and there was concern that the reaction would not continue on to form the second molecule, shown in FIG.
		Diphosgene PVP 10900 5300 1800 1735 79-80 10.
		Diphosgene K.sub.2 CO.sub.3 6900 3500 1800 1740 77-78 ______________________________________.sup.a Polymerization in chloroform, at 25.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4916204.html (4050 words)

	Diphosgene
		Diphosgene is prepared by radical chlorination of methyl chloroformate under UV light.
		Diphosgene was originally developed for chemical warfare, a few months after the first use of phosgene.
		Diphosgene has a relatively high vapor pressure of 10 mmHg (1.3 kPa) at 20 Â°C and decomposes to phosgene around 300 Â°C. Exposure to diphosgene is similar in hazard to phosgene and the MSDS should be consulted.
	www.katrinapetsneedhelp.com /pets/Diphosgene (394 words)

	Code Red - Weapons of Mass Destruction [Online Resource] - Choking Agents
		Diphosgene (DP) was developed during World War I a few months after the first use of phosgene.
		Diphosgene is produced by radical chlorination of methyl formate or methyl chloroformate (chloroform) under UV radiation.
		Diphosgene is believed to react directly upon the walls of the alveoli and capillaries in the lungs.
	library.thinkquest.org /05aug/00639/en/w_chemical_choking.html (1063 words)

	Diphosgene
		Diphosgene was originally developed for chemical warfare, a few months after the first use of phosgene.
		Diphosgene was developed because the vapors could destroy the filters in gas masks in use at the time.
		Diphosgene has a relatively high vapor pressure of 10 mmHg (1.3 kPa) at 20 °C and decomposes to phosgene around 300 °C. Exposure to diphosgene is similar in hazard to phosgene and the; MSDS should be consulted.
	diphosgene.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Diphosgene (1126 words)

	The Chemistry
		It is primarily in the gas phase while diphosgene is in the liquid phase.
		Diphosgene as above stated is a liquid in the normal state and is thus more stable then compared to phosgene.
		Diphosgene was able to destroy the filters in the gas masks which were a major contribution to chemical warfare.
	home.sandiego.edu /~hanley-08/Chemistry.html (567 words)

	American Chemical Society: Chemical & Engineering Safety Letters
		Both diphosgene and triphosgene can be used as a substitute for phosgene in all the reactions such as the formation of chloroformates, carbonates, ureas, and isocyanates and for chlorination, carboxylation, and dehydration.
		The toxicity of both diphosgene and triphosgene is exactly the same as phosgene since both decompose to phosgene on heating and upon reaction with any nucleophile.
		Of course, diphosgene and triphosgene offer the user the convenience of weighing an exact amount to be used in a reaction.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/safety/19930208.html (415 words)

	diphosgene - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		1076: Diphosgene: 90: 300: 0.9: 0.6: 4.1: 2.6: 800: 2500: 6.6: 4.1: 11+ 7+ 1076: DP (when used as a weapon) 60: 200: 0.4: 0.2: 1: 0.6: 180: 600: 1.7: 1: 4.6: 2.8: 1076: Phosgene: 90: 300: 0.9: 0.6: 4.1: 2.6: 800: 2500: 6.6: 4.1: 11+ 7+
		Diphosgene definition, words related to diphosgene, proper usage and pronunciation of the word...
		This type of mask was not effective in filtering out the more deadly phosgene and diphosgene gases.
	encarta.msn.com /diphosgene.html (167 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: VG (nerve agent) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Phosgene (also known as carbonyl chloride, COCl2) is a highly toxic gas or refrigerated liquid that was used as a chemical weapon in World War I. It has no color, but is detectable in air by its odor, which resembles moldy hay.
		Diphosgene (ClCO2CCl3) Diphosgene (Trichloromethyl chloroformate, ClCO2CCl3) is a chemical originally developed for chemical warfare, a few months after the first use of phosgene.
		The term incapacitating agent is defined by the U.S. Department of Defense as An agent that produces temporary physiological or mental effects, or both, which will render individuals incapable of concerted effort in the performance of their assigned duties.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/VG-%28nerve-agent%29 (1042 words)

	World War I - Trenches on the Web
		The cannister gas mask was developed to protect the soldier from the use of chlorine gas and tearing agents such as xylyl bromide.
		This type of mask was not effective in filtering out the more deadly phosgene and diphosgene gases.
		Diphosgene, first used by the Germans at Verdun on 22-Jun-1916, was deadlier still and could not be effectively filtered by standard issue gas masks.
	www.worldwar1.com /arm006.htm (1180 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Lung-Damaging Agents, Diphosgene : Article by Paul P Rega
		Synonyms and related keywords: choking agents, DP, trichloromethylchloroformate, chemical weapons, phosgene, liquid diphosgene, liquid DP, diphosgene toxicity, diphosgene exposure, DP exposure, lung-damaging agents, chemical warfare, respiratory agent, toxic inhalational agent
		Diphosgene (DP, trichloromethylchloroformate) was a product of the chemical weapons race in World War I. It belongs to a class of chemicals termed lung-damaging agents or choking agents.
		Compton JAF. Diphosgene. In: Military Chemical and Biological Agents.; 1987:124-134.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic906.htm (1513 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Lung-Damaging Agents, Diphosgene : Article Excerpt by Paul P Rega
		Diphosgene (DP, trichloromethylchloroformate) was a product of the chemical weapons race in World War I. It belongs to a class of chemicals termed lung-damaging agents or choking agents.
		Medicine is a constantly changing science and not all therapies are clearly established.
		In particular, all drug doses, indications, and contraindications should be confirmed in the package insert.
	emedicine.com /emerg/byname/CBRNE---Lung-Damaging-Agents--Diphosgene.htm (652 words)

	Country Profiles: North Korea
		Like its predecessor phosgene, diphosgene is a choking gas (also referred to as a lung irritant) first used in World War I. Historical accounts suggest it was employed by the German military in 1916 in response to the French use of phosgene months earlier.
		One source also claims that diphosgene was one of the most effective gases used in shells during World War I. The toxic effects of diphosgene, not surprisingly, mirror those of phosgene, interacting with vital molecules and enzymes in the pulmonary system and causing pulmonary edema by irritating lung tissue.
		This material is produced independently for NTI by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents.
	www.nti.org /db/profiles/cwagents/Info_diphosGo.html (392 words)

	Current Issue - National Fire & Rescue
		Diphosgene (DP) was used on May 19, 1916, again causing mass casualties.
		The difference between the two compounds is the rate of hydrolysis; diphosgene decomposes at a slower rate.
		Triphosgene also has been developed; it is composed of the same elements in a different formula and is subject to a lower rate of hydrolysis than that of diphosgene.
	www.nfrmag.com /backissues/MayJun2002/feature1.asp (3095 words)

	diphosgene - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		diphosgene, colorless liquid developed as a military poison.
		Diphosgene is a lung irritant but is only slightly lachrimatory.
		Copyright 2006 Columbia University Press For permission to reuse this article, contact Copyright Clearance Center.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-diphosge.html (133 words)

	CHANGZHOU DAJIN CHEMICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD
		Trichloromethyl Chloroformate is popularly named as diphosgene, for it can be resolved into phosgene under proper conditions.
		Diphosgene is in a liquid state at normal temperature and pressure, while phosgene is in a gas state(its boiling point is at only 8?).So it is much safer and more convenient to transport, store and use diphosgene.
		Obviously trichloromethyl chloroformate (diphosgene) will be used more and more widely in the lines of medicine, pesticides, dyestuffs and bonding agent instead of phosgene.
	www.wj-chem.com /english/products/products_08.php (129 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5527966 - Preparation of triphenylphosphine - June 18, 1996
		Triphenylphosphine (TPP) is prepared by reacting triphenylphosphine dichloride (TPPCl.sub.2) with magnesium, aluminum and/or iron in the presence of an inert solvent, employing a TPPCl.sub.2 solution whose content of phosgene, chlorine, diphosgene, hydrogen chloride, thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus oxychloride and/or aliphatic halogen compounds (active chlorine compounds) totals less than 1000 ppm Cl.
		Reduced pressure may be advisable to facilitate the removal of the active chlorine compounds.
		A preferred embodiment for preparing the TPPCl.sub.2 solutions according to the invention, whose content of phosgene, chlorine, diphosgene, hydrogen chloride, thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus oxychloride and/or aliphatic halogen compounds (active chlorine compounds) totals less than 1000 ppm Cl, comprises reacting triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) with phosgene in the inert solvent, wherein
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5527966.html (1817 words)

	Diphosgene (Site not responding. Last check: )
		At room temperature it is a stable colourless liquid with a vapour pressure of 10 mmHg (1.3 kPa) @ 20 Â°C. It decomposes to phosgene around 300 Â°C. The vapour is a lung irritant and has a lethal concentration LC for rabbits at a concentration of 0.9 mg/l of air.
		Shop and compare prices on diphosgene from the largest comparison shopping site.
		Zuula gives you search results from all the major search engines in one place.
	www.guideofpills.com /Diphosgene.html (242 words)

	Chemfiles Vol 2 No 7 - Eckert's Cartridges
		Because phosgene is a poisonous gas, many attempts have been made to substitute it with phosgene equivalents.
		For example, regarding the synthesis of methyl 2-isocyanato-3-phenyl-2-butenoate by dehydration of the corresponding saturated compound with either phosgene or diphosgene, product yields are 68% and 54% respectively.
		The products are of quite different purities as demonstrated by their boiling points: the product prepared with DP has a boiling range of 90-110°C/0.001 mmHg, whereas the product prepared with phosgene has a sharp boiling point of 90°C/0.07 mmHg.
	www.sigmaaldrich.com /Area_of_Interest/Chemistry/Chemical_Synthesis/Key_Resources/ChemFiles/Vol_2_No_7/Phosgene_and_Substitutes.html (555 words)

	Amazon.com: diphosgene (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As an agent they chose diphosgene, it less poisouotls variant, probably...
		the gas, notably mustard and diphosgene, and the Germans were able...
		organophosphorus substances, mustards, phos- gene, diphosgene, and chlorine.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=diphosgene&index=blended&page=1 (994 words)

	diphosgene - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "diphosgene" is defined.
		diphosgene : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		diphosgene : Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=diphosgene (134 words)

	Public Health Emergencies
		Diphosgene and phosgene are lung damaging agents that cause illness by attacking lung tissue directly, resulting in pulmonary edema.
		Immediate signs and symptoms develop after exposure to phosgene and diphosgene.
		Phosgene is commonly found in industry and is used for insecticides and dyes, among other products.
	www.in.gov /isdh/bioterrorism/manual/section_12.htm (2982 words)

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