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Topic: Diploid

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Somatic cell

Haploid

Germ cell

Ploidy

Life history

Cell division

Mitosis

Meiosis

Sporophyte

Chromosome

Gametophyte

Zygote

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Genetic recombination

Homozygous

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	diploid
		A diploid can have large flowers, large plants and great flower substance, although if the same diploid plant is converted to a tetraploid, the plants' caracteristics will be enhanced.
		SEEDS when pollinated with another diploid and a tetraploid will only form seeds when pollinated with another tetraploid.
		The seeds of a diploid will produce diploid plants and the seeds of a tetraploid will produce tetraploid plants.
	www.daylilyparadise.com /diploid.html (123 words)

	Ploidy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In humans, most cells are diploid (containing one set of chromosomes from each parent), though sex cells (sperm and oocytes) are haploid.
		Diploid cells (meaning double in Greek) have two copies (homologs) of each chromosome (both sex- and non-sex determining chromosomes), usually one from the mother and one from the father.
		Even in diploid organisms many somatic cells are polyploid due to a process called endoreduplication where duplication of the genome occurs without mitosis (cell division).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diploid (749 words)

	The Utility of the Diploid Map in Alfalfa Improvement
		The usefulness of diploid maps in the breeding of tetraploid alfalfa depends on a high degree of similarity between the genomes of diploid and tetraploid alfalfa.
		Diploid genetic maps in alfalfa should serve as an important framework for mapping in annual Medicago species, as well as in tetraploid species, and for transferring unique genes identified in diploids to the cultivated, tetraploid level.
		Diploid and tetraploid alfalfa exhibit a large number of morphological and physiological differences, yet the genomes of these two forms are highly similar.
	www.naaic.org /TAG/TAGpapers/Bouton/DiploidMapPaper.htm (4087 words)

	Induced Masu Salmon Spawning of Diploid Females by Triploid Males
		A triploid or diploid male was placed in an aquarium with an ovulated diploid female, and the behavior of male fish was observed.
		A triploid or diploid male was placed in the tank with a diploid-ovulated female (2 years old, body length 22.8-28.8 cm), and then male behavior was observed and recorded using a video camera recorder for a constant time.
		Body lengths of the triploids and the diploids were 12.5-18.9 cm and 17.0-18.3 cm, and the average major RBC axes were 18.3 mm and 16.9 mm, respectively.
	www.lib.noaa.gov /japan/aquaculture/report22/kitamura.html (1617 words)

	Definition of ploidy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Haploid is having the same number of sets of chromosomes as a germ cell or half as many as a somatic cell.
		Diploid is having two sets or a pair of chromosomes, as normally found in the somatic cell of higher organisms.
		Aneuploid is a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the normal diploid number, with either fewer or more than the normal number of chromosome in the cell.
	www.phoenix5.org /glossary/ploidy.html (218 words)

	* Diploid - (Gardening): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Describes cells in which the chromosomes occur in pairs; somatic cells, which make up the bulk of the cells in the plant body, are diploid.
		Diploids have two sets of chromosomes in each cell nucleus, and tetraploids have four...
		The saprophyte on a stalk growing out of the tip of the gametophyte body is dependent upon the haploid plant...
	www.bestknows.com /gardening/diploid.html (154 words)

	Diploid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Diploid cells have two copies of each somatic chromosome (non-sex chromosomes), usually one from the mother and one from the father.
		Most somatic cells (body cells) of higher organisms are diploid or polyploid (three or more copies of each chromosome, often found in plants), whereas their reproductive cells are usually haploid (they have only one copy of each chromosome).
		When reproducing, haploid sex cells (gametes) of both parents will generally merge to form a diploid cell, the zygote, with unique genetic properties, which quickly becomes the embryo.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/di/Diploid.htm (105 words)

	Evidence for a Genomic Imprinting Sex Determination Mechanism in Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera; Chalcidoidea) -- ...
		The remaining viable eggs consist of haploid and diploid eggs.
		Diploid females (st/st) were crossed with diploid males (st +/+ oy).
		Wild-type, diploid sons (st +/+ oy) were selected and used to repeat the first generation of maintenance crosses.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/149/1/233/F1 (228 words)

	The Talk.Origins Archive Post of the Month: January 1999
		They are reproductively isolated from diploid members of the same species, however - mate a tetraploid watermelon with a diploid watermelon and the result is a triploid which produces seedless watermelons.
		The difference between a tetraploid amphidiploid and a diploid, however, is that a diploid has 1 pair of every gene, whereas the tetraploid amphidiploid has 2 pairs of every gene.
		In wasps and bees, females are diploid and males are usually haploid.
	www.talkorigins.org /origins/postmonth/jan99.html (1584 words)

	THE QUEST FOR UNREDUCED GAMETES: PART I
		A cross of a diploid with a tetraploid (or vice versa) may result in a pod forming; however, the presence of a “triploid block” in daylilies prevents most of these from reaching maturity, and the pods fall off.
		UGs on the pod side would be evidenced by a diploid daylily being pollinated by tetraploid pollen and forming viable seeds which germinate and produce tetraploid daylilies.
		Both diploid (1n) and unreduced (2n) pollen are likely to be found on a daylily which is producing UGs.
	members.cox.net /lilyhouse/new_page_3.htm (4484 words)

	P72 Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Both diploid and tetraploid populations were variable, with 89% of loci polymorphic loci and more than three alleles per locus (Tables 1 - 4).
		Diploids may produce unreduced (diploid) pollen or ovules which (in mixed populations) may fertilize or be fertilized by the gametes of tetraploids.
		Diploid and tetraploid populations share most alleles, and the alleles unique to one group are rare.
	dendrome.ucdavis.edu /NFGEL/NFGEL01/72.html (3324 words)

	Diploid - definition from Biology-Online.org
		a diploid cell has one chromosome from each parental set.
		most animal cells have a diploid set of chromosomes.
		The gametes (eggs and sperm) contain a single set of chromosomes (haploid).
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Diploid (136 words)

	SparkNotes: The Life Cycle of Plants: Alternation of Generations
		The multicellular diploid plant structure is called the sporophyte, which produces spores through meiotic (asexual) division.
		The fluctuation between these diploid and haploid stages that occurs in plants is called the alternation of generations.
		The opposite is true for tracheophytes (vascular plants), in which the diploid generation is dominant and the sporophyte comprises the main plant.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/plants/lifecycle/section1.html (447 words)

	Meiosis
		The relative proportion of the life cycle spent in the diploid and haploid stages.
		The diploid zygote divides by mitosis to form the multicellular body but mitosis never occurs in haploid cells.
		The zygote divides by mitosis to produce the diploid multicellular body (the diploid generation).
	arnica.csustan.edu /principles/Lectures/09_Meiosis.htm (472 words)

	Molecular Mechanisms of Transformation of C3H/10T1/2 C1 8 Mouse Embryo Cells and Diploid Human Fibroblasts by ...
		Diploid human fibroblasts were derived from circumcised human foreskins and cultured according to the methods of Biedermann and Landolph (26,27).
		We are currently studying whether there are small mutations or deletions in the 3' or 5' regulatory regions of this gene in these transformed cell lines that might account for their activation and higher steady-state levels of the c-myc transcripts (Table 2).
		We speculate that metal-induced oxygen radical generation and consequent radical-induced mutations might be part of the mechanism of nickel subsulfide and lead chromate-induced AI in diploid human fibroblasts.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1994/Suppl-3/119-125landolph/landolph-full.html (5320 words)

	MAPPING THE STRAWBERRY GENOME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Linkage conservation between diploid and octoploid levels will be evaluated with respect to segregation analysis of selected isozyme/molecular marker diploid level linkage groups in appropriate octoploid x octoploid crosses.
		In conjunction with diploid x octoploid crosses, backcrosses, and appropriate chromosome manipulations, molecular and biochemical markers will be used as gene tags to track the introgression from diploid to octoploid levels of specific genes for morphological/physiological traits.
		Diploid sources of resistance to red stele root rot were identified and a mapping population segregating for resistance/susceptibility was established.
	www.nal.usda.gov /pgdic/pggrantinfo/1992/9159002.html (475 words)

	Diploid Fixation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Populations can be small of large, growing or shrinking, but in order to observe a fixation of a "neutral" gene we need a population that has been in a period of relative stasis, thus the assumption that we make is that size in not fluctuating.
		So let us say we had in a fictitious diploid organism with 2 chromosomes one autosome, and the other not, passed by both sexes (we call it "Monoploid" because its my fictitious critter), but then one copy was digested after entry into zygote, randomly.
		What this means is that at diploid loci, where diploid allelic copies are maintained, any effect that recombination has is necessarily going to amplify variation over haploids relative to mutation rate at those loci.
	home.att.net /~pdeitik/DipFix.html (1789 words)

	Diploid Advantages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For example a goldfish has a diploid # of 188 does that make it more advanced than corn whose # is 20.
		With more genetic research we are finding that much of disease is the result of genetic damage which is passed along to offspring and cannot be 'undone' by genetic recombination with genetic material from the other parent.
		Regarding evolution, you may note that having diploid chromosomes, and potentially more genetic variety, offers a great potential for survival in the event chromosome option "A" is not well suited to the changing environment of an area.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/bio99/bio99779.htm (250 words)

	Birgid Schlindwein's Hypermedia Glossary Of Genetic Terms - Search results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Most animal cells except the gamete have a diploid set of chromosomes.
		All the genetic material in the chromosomes of a particular organism; its size is generally given as its total number of base pairs.
		The term was introduced by Strasburger (1910) by analogy with his earlier terms haploid and diploid.
	hal.weihenstephan.de /genglos/asp/genreq.asp?nr=56 (246 words)

	Deficit Irrigation Influences Yield and Lycopene Content of Diploid and Triploid Watermelon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Diploid (2n) cultivars used were Summer Flavor 710, RWM 8036, Allsweet, Sugar Lee, and SWD 7302.
		Averaged over all treatments lycopene content at the overripe stage was 61-66 ug/g FW for triploids and 46 to 81 ug/g FW for diploid fruits.
		Effect of irrigation rate and cultivar on diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) watermelon on total marketable yield and lycopene content at ripe and over-ripe stage.
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /extension/newsletters/vpmnews/mar02/art2mar.html (780 words)

	ZFIN ZF Monitor Vol 3(5)
		The lack of any embryos that appeared to be diploid in our irradiated and non-heat shocked group suggests that the irradiation dosage was sufficient to destroy the maternal genome, or somehow impeded its transfer to the offspring.
		Thus, we believe the surviving diploid embryos in the irradiated and heat shocked group, are indeed androgenetic rather than resulting from a failure to eliminate the maternal genome.
		The survival of diploid zebrafish androgenotes suggests a lack of male specific imprinting of essential genes as has been observed in mammalian species.
	zfin.org /zf_info/monitor/vol3.5/7.html (906 words)

	[Biojava-l] diploid alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		hi all, we are faced with the problem of representing heterozygous indels in diploid resequenced data.
		normal heterozygotes (SNPs) in a diploid sequence can be represented with the various ambiquity symbols, but in my cursory look at the symbol/alphabet stuff in the biojava API docs, i did not see any way of representing ambiquities of the form: A/-, C/-, G/-, or T/-...
		which are the four forms of a single base heterozygous indel in diploid data.
	www.biojava.org /pipermail/biojava-l/2002-October/003195.html (181 words)

	Nonadditive Gene Expression in Diploid and Triploid Hybrids of Maize -- Auger et al. 169 (1): 389 -- Genetics
		Nonadditive Gene Expression in Diploid and Triploid Hybrids of Maize -- Auger et al.
		The egg is portrayed as a single yellow circle toward the bottom and the central cell as a pair of yellow circles.
		On the right are the two types of pollen: one with a single diploid sperm and one with two normal haploid sperm.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/169/1/389 (4100 words)

	Articles - Meiosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Some species are diploid, grown from a diploid cell called the zygote.
		As a diploid cell is formed from the genetic recombination of two haploid cells, within a diploid cell there are normally two sets of chromosomes that code for the same information, one from the mother's haploid cell and the other from the father's.
		It is immediately followed by meiosis I, which divides one diploid cell into two haploid cells by separation of homologous chromosomes, and meiosis II, which divides two haploid cells into four haploid cells by separation of sister chromatids.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Meiosis (2106 words)

	diploid cell on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Karyotype and C-Banding Patterns of Mitotic Chromosomes in Diploid Bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm).
		Introduction of Australian diploid cotton genetic variation into upland cotton.(Crop Breeding, Genetics and Cytology)
		A Genetic Linkage Map of Diploid Paspalum notatum.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-diploidc.asp (363 words)

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