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Topic: Dipterocarp

	Borneo -- From Caves to Kinabalu
		The Latin name Dipterocarp, meaning "two winged seed," describes the fruit of these trees, which consist of a seed with two leafy wings.
		When winds blow a ripe seed off a dipterocarp, the wings act like the blades of a helicopter, allowing the seed to descend at a distance from the parent tree, and begin a life of its own.
		Flaps of skin stretch between the squirrel's front and rear legs, and when the squirrel leaps from a tree, it glides on its skin membranes, sometimes for distances of more than 300 feet.
	www.pbs.org /edens/borneo/rainforest.htm (398 words)

	Philippine Deforestation
		Dipterocarps once constituted 80 percent of the country's timber resources and provided the bulk of what is sold on the market as "Philippine mahogany." Although best used for fine furniture these woods have also been used for railroad ties, utility poles, bridges and wharfs, pulp, paper, and plywood.
		Forty-five species of dipterocarps are indigenous to the Philippines, of which nearly half are found nowhere else.
		Even though the fruits of dipterocarps have wing-like appendages that produce a parachute-like motion when they fall, they are too heavy to be carried far from the parent tree; many land directly under the tree, leading to overcrowding and forcing them to compete for space.
	www.fieldmuseum.org /vanishing_treasures/V_Apitong.htm (401 words)

	DISCCRS Dissertation Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Data of 42 inventoried clusters in Sandan forests were analyzed, and the results showed that, on average for all trees with DBH (diameter at breast height) greater than 5 cm in evergreen forest, 1,105.5 trees/ha and 235.2 m^3/ha were recorded for stem density and stand volume, respectively.
		The harvest potential of deciduous forest is 35 m^3/ha, of which dipterocarp, non-dipterocarp and unknown shared 8.3%, 80.6% and 11.1%, respectively.
		Dipterocarp species of Chheutiel Bangkouy (Dipterocarpus turbinatus), Phdeak (Anisoptera glabra) and Chramas (Vatica astrotricha) are dominant in the three forest types, and thus are the species likely to be harvested.
	aslo.org /phd/disccrs/200203-2.html (623 words)

	Kerinci Seblat National Park; Ecosystem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This is characterized by undulating terrain covered by a diverse collection of tree species, mostly from the dipterocarp family.
		Dipterocarp means ‘two-winged seeds’ and refers to the wing-like structures on the seeds that allow them to spin and ‘fly’ some distance as they fall.
		A characteristic and important component of the Dipterocarp forest is the strangling fig.
	www.kerinci.org /ecosystem.html (2402 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Wildlife reintroduction: considerations of habitat quality at the release site
		Dipterocarps are important for gibbons for singing locations, morning calling is from dipterocarp tress in 74% of singing bouts (n = 1076; [14,15].
		Dipterocarps are rarely primate feeding trees (except for leaves, [16], Cheyne, unpublished data) and their height is important for gibbons to broadcast their morning chorus and duet.
		Dipterocarps are an important structural component of the forest for gibbons as they provide platforms for sleeping and singing.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6785/6/5 (4218 words)

	MASS VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF DIPTEROCARP SPECIES
		Dipterocarps species constitute about 70% of the commercial stock in the tropical forest of South Asia, which used to be the mainstay of the timber industry in the region.
		Dipterocarp wood made up 25% of the world trade in hardwood until the end of the logging boom in the 1970s, and now the fragile ecosystem of the dipterocarp forest has been disturbed and their very existence has been threatened.
		Dipterocarps are locally adapted and few species of insects and diseases are known to affect them.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/006/AD222E/AD222E01.htm (496 words)

	Dipterocarp and pioneer life strategies: can pioneers be removed to speed regeneration?
		The pattern of natural regeneration growth was strongly influenced by the contrasting life strategies of dipterocarps and disturbance pioneers.
		Development of replacement dipterocarps was mainly from seedlings released at the time of first cutting of stands from 1957, with some advance growth.
		Where pioneer species were not removed they continued to exert a competitive check to the realization of the full potential for dipterocarp development.
	www.trophort.com /information/data/B01/S14/COX01DIP30X2268.html (358 words)

	WWF Global 200 Ecoregions -- Borneo Lowland and Montane Forests
		Dipterocarp means "two-winged fruit" and describes their characteristic winged fruits.
		But in the mountainous forests, the dipterocarp species are replaced by species such as oaks and colorful rhododendrons.
		Beneath the main canopy of the forest, smaller trees are laden with beautiful and unique orchids, ferns, lichens, and vines, but in the undergrowth you’ll also see carnivorous pitcher plants that trap insects and absorb the proteins from them.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/g200/g031.html (605 words)

	FLOWERING of the FOREST - dipterocarp trees of Borneo Natural History - Find Articles
		When Borneo's giant dipterocarp trees drop their fruit in synchrony, the rainforest animals--from weevils to parakeets, bats, and orangutans--go from famine to feast.
		Dipterocarp lumber, called meranti by Indonesians, comes in a variety of light colors and is popular for building homes and furniture; demand for it increased greatly after Indonesia gained its independence from the Netherlands following World War II.
		Dipterocarps do not depend on animals or the wind to disperse their seeds.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_6_108/ai_55127880 (890 words)

	Manokaran: Southeast Asian Dipterocarp Forest Ecosystems
		Altitudinally dipterocarps are not found in montane oak forests and at higher elevations.
		In a recent study in Pasoh Forest Reserve, a lowland dipterocarp forest in Peninsular Malaysia, 820 species in 294 genera and 78 families were enumerated in a 50-ha plot of all trees of 1 cm dbh and larger (Kochummen et al.
		Wyatt-Smith (1966) initiated studies to examine the dynamics of tree populations in a lowland dipterocarp forest at an altitude of 30 m above sea level at Sungei Menyala Forest Reserve in 1947 and in a hill dipterocarp forest at an altitude ranging from 460-550 m above sea level at Bukit Lagong Forest Reserve in 1949.
	www.metla.fi /iufro/iufro95abs/rsp8.htm (4319 words)

	Dipterocarpaceae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		2004) found that the Asian dipterocarps share a common ancestor with the Sarcolaenaceae, a tree family endemic to Madagascar.
		Dayanandan, S. Ashton, P.S. Williams, S.M. Primack, R.B. Phylogeny of the tropical tree family Dipterocarpaceae based on nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast RBCL gene.
		The last common ancestor of Sarcolaenaceae and Asian dipterocarp trees was ectomycorrhizal before the India-Madagascar separation, about 88 million years ago.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dipterocarp (676 words)

	Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The rate of species evolution in the rainforest is phenomenal for several species of the same genus often occur together.
		Forty percent of the world's palm species, 50 percent of the dipterocarp trees, and 20 percent of the snakes are found only in Borneo (Kaufman 2002).
		Dipterocarp is a Greek name meaning two-winged fruit.
	www.lonker.net /travel_borneo_1.htm (782 words)

	Early Warning
		Among which approximately 95% is covered by dipterocarp forests, 3.34% by peat swamps and 1.84% by mangrove forests.
		In Sabah, there is a gradual succession of forest vegetation from the coastal beach forests and mangrove forests to lowland dipterocarp forest and eventually Montane forests.
		Depending on the altitude, soil conditions and water regime, Dipterocarp Forest is found in the interior, upriver areas extending up to the upper limit of 1,500 m.
	www.rrcap.unep.org /ew/land/publications/malay_studyarea.cfm (677 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Endemic to Borneo, this species is found in mixed dipterocarp forest on deep yellow sandy soils on coastal hills.
		Restricted to primary lowland dipterocarp forests in Borneo, this tree is rare within its natural habitat type.
		A small tree of hills and mountain ridges endemic to Borneo; distributed from Nabawan north to Mount Kinabalu in Sabah and in Sarawak, it is known from the Kuching arean, Belaga and Mount Api of Mulu National Park.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /latenews/emergency/fire_1997/tree2.htm (6604 words)

	Kalimantan at the Crossroads: Dipterocarp Forests and the Future of Indonesian Borneo
		What has changed in the dipterocarp forests as a result of indiscriminate and heavy logging is the quantity of life-bearing seeds.
		The disappearance of the dipterocarp forests of Borneo would be more than a simple environmental loss; it would cause significant damage to Kalimantan economy which relies heavily on the timber industry that produces approximately $9.2 billion annually.
		Seeds from dipterocarp trees generate about $25.8 million annually for local residents, but seed harvesting is in direct competition with commercial logging -- a much more profitable activity.
	news.mongabay.com /2005/0417c-tina_butler.html (1986 words)

	Growth of dipterocarp seedlings in artificial gaps: an experiment in a logged-over rainforest in South Kalimantan, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility of assisted natural regeneration of dipterocarp rain forest trees through gap simulation.
		Three hypotheses were tested: (1) opening of a gap enhances the rate of growth of dipterocarp seedlings; (2) growth of dipterocarp seedlings depends on gap size, being fastest in relatively small openings; and (3) growth of dipterocarp seedlings depends on gap size independently of the species concerned.
		The results suggest that the optimal light conditions for fastest early growth of dipterocarps can be achieved by opening up gaps of less than 500 msuperscript 2 in logged-over forests.
	www.trophort.com /information/data/B01/S76/TUO96GRO95X1865.html (275 words)

	dipterocarp stock images / stock images of dipterocarp photos search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Rainforest frog in the dipterocarp forest in the north of the cou...
		Dipterocarp rainforest with meranti trees, North of the country ?
		Lowland dipterocarp rain forest and early morning mist, Danum Valley Conser...
	www.photographersdirect.com /stockphotos/dipterocarp.asp (443 words)

	[No title]
		s.l.) tropical dipterocarp rain forest of Borneo based on tree genera, (2) determine the characteristic taxa of these regions, (3) study tree diversity patterns within Borneo, and (4) relate the floristic and diversity patterns to abiotic factors such as mean annual rainfall and geographical distance between plots.
		This was related to the fact that floristic similarity depended strongly on the geographical distance between plots and similarity in mean annual rainfall.
		Diversity patterns in Borneo are influenced by the mid-domain effect, habitat size and the influence of past climatic changes (ice ages during the Pleistocene).
	www.tropenbos.org /scripts/index.php?fuseaction=details&query=714 (446 words)

	MBG: Research: Asia: Moss Flora of Thailand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Dry dipterocarp forests are the main feature of the region.
		The dipterocarps together with Solenospermum and Parkia form the predominating species in the tropical rain forests (Smitinand 1958).
		The forests are mainly of the tropical rain forest type and are made up of many dipterocarp species.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/moss/Thailand/geo.shtml (845 words)

	Flowering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Flowering phenology of more than 750 dipterocarp trees along the forest road at the BSEF had been monitored 1986-1998.
		Okimori and Permono (1991): Tree phenology of lowland dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan.
		Kiyono and Hastaniah (1993): Growth of dipterocarps forest and trees at Bukit Soeharto, East Kalimantan Indonesia.
	ppht.unmul.ac.id /bsef2.html (136 words)

	Rainforest Biogeography
		A couple of species of what may be dipterocarps have recently been found in the Guiana Shield rainforests of South America, but their real evolutionary affinities are still in question.
		What is not in dispute is that the dipterocarps of the Far East belong to a quite distinct subfamily, the Dipterocarpoideae, and that they have diversified disproportionately into tens of genera and hundreds of species growing in a range of habitats throughout the rainforest.
		Dipterocarps of the far east are not just abundant in terms of species; they also make their presence felt by their size and sheer weight of numbers.
	www.esd.ornl.gov /projects/qen/rainfo.html (10206 words)

	MIPR \| Departments \| Forestry
		The uniformity lies in its structure and physiognomy - a dense, multi-storied high forest with an uneven canopy.
		Includes mixed Dipterocarp found in the low terrain of labi Hills, Ladan Hills, Andulau Forest Forest Reserve, and Temburong forests.
		It has similar distribution as the lowland type except that the main concentrations of the Dipterocarp are found in the hills of Labi, Ladan, Andulau, and Temburong areas.
	www.forestry.gov.bn /forest/5mixed.htm (255 words)

	WWF Malaysia - Features - Endangered Spaces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		But there is a real need to conserve the remaining areas of LDF that remain in other parts of the country.
		Most of the dipterocarp forest left in Malaysia is HDF.
		This is because the terrain upon which HDF is found is usually hilly and rugged, making it unsuitable for agriculture or large-scale settlements, as well as being difficult to access and clear.
	www.wwfmalaysia.org /Features/spaces/current.htm (639 words)

	Kabili-Sepilok Forest Reserve Sabah and Sarawak Malaysia Wetlands \| ARCBC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		An area of flat, alluvial and slightly undulating country, with mangrove swamps, lowland dipterocarp forest, sandstone hill dipterocarp forest and kerangas forest.
		The vegetation of surrounding areas is mainly lowland dipterocarp forest with genera such as Shorea, Parashorea and Dryobalanops, sandstone hill dipterocarp forest and kerangas forest with species of Tristania, Shorea and lxonanthes.
		The fauna is typical of Bornean lowland dipterocarp forest and coastal mangroves.
	www.arcbc.org.ph /wetlands/malaysia/mys_kabili-sepilok.htm (703 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Some of these insects are responsible for the destruction of the embryo (or ovary, in the case of insects attacking the flower or flower bud).
		Traps in flowering dipterocarp trees have captured weevils (Curculionidae) of the subfamily Rhamphinae (Orchestes sp).
		Eggs of an unidentified hemipteran (probably Coreidae) have been seen, also on the wings, and a heavy infestation of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidae) was identified on nearly mature fruit of Dipterocarpus alatus.
	www.dnp.go.th /dipins/Insectsassociated.htm (377 words)

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