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Topic: Direct ascent

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Orbital velocity

	Global Space Initiative
		This method is the fastest, however costs insane amounts of fuel to cancel out the velocity acquired during the Ascent stage.
		At that point you are able to both perform the retro burn to decrease relative velocity with regard to the target object AND at the same time cancel our the relative inclination you have failed or were unable to cancel out during the ascent.
		It is quite common that the two burns are similar if not identical in direction and magnitude, which makes this approach a lot more appealing and fuel efficient.
	orbiter.vidmar.org /direct-ascent.php (636 words)

	Direct ascent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Direct ascent was a proposed method for an American mission to the moon.
		Direct ascent proposed using the enormous Nova rocket to loft a spacecraft directly to the moon, where it would land tail-first and then launch off the moon back to Earth.
		In real life, however, it was discarded due to the sheer impossibility of landing a rocket the size of the Atlas tail-first on the moon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Direct_ascent (203 words)

	Peakware - Summit Routes on Mount McKinley
		The ascent to the summit culminates in a steep traverse to Denali Pass, from which the final ascent is made.
		It is a direct route to the summit, but hanging glaciers, 70-degree snow and ice, and Class 5 rock pinnacles make this a very challenging route.
		This is the most direct ascent of McKinley, one mile straight up the south face.
	www.peakware.com /encyclopedia/peaks/routes/mckinley.htm (677 words)

	Apollo Lunar Module - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Both a direct ascent and an EOR would have involved the entire Apollo spacecraft landing on the moon; once the decision had been made to proceed using LOR, it became necessary to produce a separate craft capable of reaching the lunar surface.
		In the movie Superman 2, the film's supervillains visit the moon on their way to earth, and encounter a modernized version of the LM (still bearing an obvious resemblance), which they destroy along with its crew of three (two Americans, one Soviet).
		The LSAM will be powered by four RL-10 engines descent stage and a single RL-10 engine in the ascent stage, both of which are fueled by liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX), which is more powerful than the hypergolic fuels used on the LM.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module (2114 words)

	Ascent to Heaven in Antiquity
		In all of these texts the ascent or vision of the heavenly throne serves as a way of claiming the highest and most direct heavenly authority for the message.
		This type of ascent to heaven is final or "one way:" a mortal obtains immortality, or release from mortal conditions, thorough a permanent ascent to the heavenly realms.
		This type of ascent involves a journey or "visit" to heaven which functions as a foretaste or anticipation of a final or permanent ascent to heavenly life.
	www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu /jdtabor/heavenlyascent.html (3087 words)

	Mars Sample Return: The Medium-Lift Approach
		There was Direct Ascent, where a huge rocket would simply lift an Apollo spacecraft to the moon and deposit it on the surface.
		The problems of direct ascent are slightly reduced by the possibility of manufacturing propellant for the return journey from the Martian atmosphere.
		The ascent vehicle for the Medium Lift mission strongly resembles plans that have been drawn for direct ascent missions.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/mars-transport-00a.html (1832 words)

	Project Apollo - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Direct ascent: This plan was to boost a spaceship directly to the moon.
		The Lunar Module itself was composed of a descent stage and an ascent stage, the former serving as a launch platform for the latter when the lunar exploration party blasted off for lunar orbit where they would dock with the CSM prior to returning to Earth.
		Although it has often been claimed that this change was made as a direct response to Soviet attempts to fly a piloted Zond spacecraft around the moon, there is no evidence that this was actually the case.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/a/p/o/Apollo_program.html (2919 words)

	Nova rocket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originally, NASA had designed Nova for the "direct ascent" mission profile, in which a single large spacecraft would be placed in earth orbit.
		Nova was still targeting the direct ascent approach, which required the most lift capacity.
		Instead of either the direct ascent or earth orbit rendezvous, the working group instead selected a third option, Lunar Orbit Rendezvous (LOR).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nova_rocket (1074 words)

	Ari's Base Camp - Eastern Alps/Grossglockner
		Pure ice ascent 50°, in upper third 55° (direct variant 60°), 600 m, 4 hours (average).
		Ascent: Cross the bergshrund and climb directly upwards as the steepness of the couloir increases.
		Another option is a direct ascent to Glocknerscharte (1005).
	ari.rdx.net /abc/mountains/grossglockner/pallavicini.htm (239 words)

	Lunar Orbit Rendezvous and the Apollo Program
		Direct ascent was basically the method that had been pictured in science fiction novels and Hollywood movies.
		The demise of direct ascent led to a scrupulous evaluation of the second option: Earth-orbit rendezvous.
		The lunar module ascent stage (upper portion) is shown using its ascent engine to rocket back into lunar orbit and rendezvous with the Command Module (still orbiting the moon).
	oea.larc.nasa.gov /PAIS/Rendezvous.html (2756 words)

	Imaginative Generalization as Epogoge
		Descent however from the universal to singulars is principally directed to demonstrating the falsity of the universal, under the aspect of being universal.
		What is often called "direct observation" is in point of fact a highly sophisticated mental function in which the causal impact of objects on the observer is interpreted selectively by observers according to their purposes.
		The process of repeated ascent and descent is required in order to arrive at a truly organic conception of nature, in which the principle of universal connectedness is seen to arise from within each of the particular orders of experience, rather than be imposed from above by philosophical fiat.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=2758 (5754 words)

	The Space Review: The last lunar outpost (page 1)
		Direct ascent would have required a much larger rocket than the Saturn 5 to lift a massive landing craft and send it all the way to the Moon.
		NASA had acquired three decades of experience since the LOR decision and the First Lunar Outpost architects felt that direct ascent was a more viable approach in 1992 than it was in 1962.
		They called this “lunar direct mode.” A major drawback of Lunar Orbit Rendezvous is that the crew is restricted to landings primarily along the equator because the orbiting spacecraft would be out of range at various times.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/115/1 (1430 words)

	KK
		Direct ascent from the Martian surface to an interplanetary trajectory, with no intermediate Martian orbit.
		Direct aerodynamic braking from the interplanetary trajectory and landing on the surface of the planet of those modules.
		Ascent of the crew directly into an interplanetary trajectory, followed by docking with the main complex in interplanetary space.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/kk.htm (771 words)

	Saturn V
		Direct link communications from earth to the LEV and from earth to the spacecraft, except when it was in the shadow of the moon, was recommended.
		The EOR or Direct Landing approaches required the Apollo crew to be on their backs during the landing and having to use television or mirrors to see the lunar surface.
		Direct flight by this time would not involve Nova, but a scaled-down two-man spacecraft that could be launched by the Saturn C-5.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/saturnv.htm (13929 words)

	International Assessment and Strategy Center > Research > China’s Direct Ascent ASAT
		If the assumption that China’s first direct ascent ASAT is based on the KT-1 SLV proves correct, then it is also possible to conclude that China’s first direct ascent ASAT benefits directly from U.S. and British space technology.
		Furthermore, Chinese military academic writings indicate that the PLA may also be considering using nuclear powered ballistic missile submarines to launch direct ascent ASAT missiles.
		Advocates of caution in space cooperation with China have repeatedly pointed to the direct role of the People’s Liberation Army in all of China’s space activities, and the potential for any level of U.S. cooperation to benefit China’s military-space power.
	www.strategycenter.net /research/pubID.142/pub_detail.asp (2883 words)

	Parnassos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The first ascent of the north face of Gerondovrachos was made in 1950 by Godfried Polikratis, Nikos Damias, and Kaisar Alexopoulos.
		The first climbers had wanted to do a direct climb of the gully but the cave that is usually accessible was blocked by snow.
		It is not known when the first ascent of this route was made in winter since several were done before the climb was published by Spanopoulos, Lambrogiannis, and Georgoulas in 1990.
	www.oreivatein.com /climb/mountain/e_parnassos.htm (1574 words)

	Direct ascent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		ASCENT provides custom developed in-class and web-based educational products and services for leading engineering software applications.
		The Eagle Ski Club achieved the first ski ascent and descent of Kalanag a (6387m) mountain in the Garhwal Himalaya 5th April to 4th May 2003.
		Direct marketing advice, offering information on telemarketing, copywriting, databases, mailing lists and other direct marketing services.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Direct_Ascent (898 words)

	Satellite Re-entry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Though most re-entries are a hit and miss affair, a few can be viewed with some certainty, where mission controllers have deemed it necessary to `pilot' a craft back into the atmosphere in order to dispose of it as was the reentry of Mir on March 23, 2001.
		Then there are the periodic re-entries of the Progress M supply ferry for the International Space Station, or one of the ascent stages of a launch vehicle falling to Earth due to having (intentionally) insufficient orbital velocity.
		The re-entry of the STS-41C ET (6th April, 1984, from a direct ascent) was observed by Paul Maley of the Johnson Space Center Astronomical Society, from Mauna Kea, Hawaii, in the pre-dawn sky:
	www.satobs.org /re-entry.html (1456 words)

	Direct Ascent Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.net (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This page contains quite a lot of relevant information about Direct ascent.
		Moreover, Adams' comments appear to assert also a direct analogy between the objectives...
		The Soviets also considered several direct ascent-strategies, though in the end they settled on an approach similar to NASA's: two men in a Soyuz capsule and a one-man lander.
	www.launchbase.net /encyclopedia/Direct_ascent (285 words)

	H2G2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The problems inherent in the so-called direct ascent method centred around the enormous power required to accelerate the craft's own weight and that of the fuel necessary for a round trip.
		Any spacecraft built strongly enough to support both its own weight and that of the fuel requirements for a direct ascent, lunar landing and return soon became impractical even if it could actually be built.
		Named 'Nova', it was proposed as a three-stage rocket weighing 5300 tons when fully fuelled, that launched a 90-foot high third stage that would land on the moon and return to earth.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/pda/A491465?s_split=1&s_id=2 (190 words)

	sciencestuwork (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Direct ascent included a humungous booster that would be capable of generating 40 million pounds of thrust.
		The problems associated with the method of direct ascent where the proposed cost, and the sophistication of the technology was far to advanced.
		The earth-orbit rendezvous came about as a second alternative to direct ascent.
	t3.preservice.org /T0110160/sciencestuwork.html (730 words)

	SCIENCE FICTION SPACE TECHNOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The direct ascent mode, championed by Werner von Braun, employed an enormous Nova class Earth launch rocket of 12-14 million pounds of liftoff thrust.
		It is thought that the Russians attempted the direct ascent approach by building a Nova class booster which exploded on the launch pad sometime in 1967.
		Using the outboard engines for ascent leads to the conclusion that the descent stage is not left on the planet but is reused.
	vesuvius.jsc.nasa.gov /er/seh/sfcraft.html (1680 words)

	Apollo Expeditions to the Moon: Chapter 3
		To determine its exact power requirements, a selection had to be made from among three operational concepts for a manned voyage to the Moon: direct ascent, Earth orbit rendezvous (EOR), and lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR).
		The sequence of launch vehicles of ever-increasing size and power that led from the 46-foot-high V-2 rocket through the Mercury and Gemini boosters to the 363-foot Saturn V is drawn here at a single scale.
		With direct ascent, the entire spacecraft would soft-land on the Moon carrying enough propellants to fly back to Earth.
	www.solarviews.com /history/SP-350/ch-3-2.html (975 words)

	Space exploration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The early Apollo mission planning also considered using a direct ascent to the moon, but abandoned that idea later due to weight considerations.
		According to an Associated Press Poll conducted in July 2003, 71% of US citizens agreed with the statement that the space program is "a good investment," compared to 21% who did not (Pollingreport.com).
		Some supporters of Space Explorations, such as Robert Zubrin, have criticized ideas about in orbit assemblies, and argues for a direct approach for human settlement of Mars called Mars Direct.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_vehicle (2071 words)

	Nanda Devi :: Mountaineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		They went on to explore the Southern Ridge of Nanda Devi as the most likely ascent route and were the first to summit Maiktoli and cross the Sunderdhunga Col. Paying further homage to the Himalayas, Shipton and Tilman later also accomplished the arduous Gangotri-Badrinath and Badrinath-Kedarnath watershed traverses.
		The 1981 expedition succeeded with a direct ascent of the North Face/NE Pillar.
		They made the 13th ascent of the mountain and placed five members on the summit, as well as removed rubbish from the park.
	www.bostonglobalaction.net /UK/nandadevi/mountaineering.html (1709 words)

	That one small step (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Three approaches for the Apollo mission were considered and investigated early in the program: direct ascent, Earth orbit rendezvous, and lunar orbit rendezvous.
		Direct ascent would entail a direct shot from Earth to the moon, requiring an enormous rocket assembly, named the Nova rocket, that required 15 first stage engines and would dwarf the Saturn V eventually selected as the launch vehicle.
		He finally was able to blurt out his discovery of a sneak circuit that would immediately fire the ascent engine when the arming switch was turned on before staging.
	www.memagazine.org /backissues/oct00/features/onesmall/onesmall.html (3284 words)

	'Zarya' - Soviet Lunar Exploration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		They were launched into direct ascent trajectories taking them directly from the Earth to the vicinity of the Moon.
		At a distance of 113,000 kilometres from Earth, the upper stage of Luna 1's launching rocket releases a cloud of sodium vapour, the glow from which is used to aid visual measurement of the trajectory - it is photographed from an observatory near Alma-Ata
		E-3-1 spacecraft launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Vostok rocket on a mission to hit the Moon by way of a direct ascent trajectory - under-performance of the final rocket stage means that it has insufficient velocity to reach the Moon
	www.zarya.info /Diaries/Luna/Early.htm (935 words)

	Apollo 15 Flight Journal - Rendezvous and Docking
		[Direct ascent, using either an extraordinarily large booster called "Nova" or a Saturn V and a cut-down Apollo spacecraft, would hurl a lander from the Earth to land on the Moon.
		Updates for both direct ascent and the coelliptic method, were sent up to the LM at 170:40:39 and Al got the update for direct ascent just before he went behind the Moon.
		Most importantly, at this late stage of the ascent, a stable orbit is assured, even if the RCS had to be used in the event of an ascent engine failure.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/ap15fj/17rndz_dock.htm (11392 words)

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