Direct Shear Test - Factbites

Direct Shear Test - Factbites
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Topic: Direct Shear Test

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	Shear Strength Characteristics of PVC Geomembrane
		The direct shear tests were also conducted at the same normal stresses used in the ring shear tests to ensure an accurate comparison of the shear stress-displacement relationships and peak and residual shear strengths.
		The main difference between the ring shear and direct shear test methods is in the values obtained for the residual friction angle and shear displacement at the residual strength.
		Shear tests were performed to determine the effect of a faille finish on the shear strength of PVC geomembrane/nonwoven geotextile interfaces.
	www.geomembrane.com /friction/PVCShearStrength.htm (9215 words)

	Shear Stress Sensors
		A literature review revealed a variety of ways to measure wall shear stress which can be viewed in a methods chart (ppt) and a Comparison Table A floating element sensor was chosen because of it's ability to make direct shear measurements and it's compatibility to a distributed rough surface.
		The design objective was to design and implement a way to directly measure the wall shear stress that was acting at critical locations on the flat and rough plate models.
		Each flexure beam will be instrumented with two strain gauges (forming a full bridge circuit) and will output a signal proportional to the wall shear stress.
	www.webs1.uidaho.edu /fluidslab/shear_stress_sensors.htm (9215 words)

	1pAO2 Porosity, permeability, and shear strength images of the seabed
		The direct measurements of porosity and shear strength conducted on the cores and the standard penetration test boreholes were used to verify the tomographic predictions, resulting in good agreements.
		Assuming the normal consolidation condition, the porosity and shear strength images were predicted from the compressional wave velocity image.
		Porosity, permeability, and shear strength images of the seabed measured by acoustic cross-well tomography experiments.
	www.auditory.org /asamtgs/asa94mit/1pAO/1pAO2.html (216 words)

	Seismic Triggering of Submarine Slopes in Soft Cohesive Soils-Behavior of Soft Clays in Direct Simple Shear
		Prediction of a cyclic direct simple shear test using SIMPLE DSS.
		During cyclic loading, the presence of an initial shear stress forces the average shear strain to increase, shifting the stress-strain loops away from zero.
		SIMPLE DSS is a simplified effective stress model specifically developed for simple shear stress conditions.
	www.ce.berkeley.edu /~pestana/projects/submarine_slopes/behavior.htm (291 words)

	Numerical Analysis of Drained Direct and Simple Shear Tests
		Direct shear tests overestimated the initial stiffness and in most cases the peak strength by as much as 7.5%.
		Stiffness and strength results for the direct shear are then compared with simple shear results based on computations over the whole top boundary (average) and over the middle third (core).
		Stress and strain distribution in the simple shear test become highly nonuniform as peak conditions are approached.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?9305890 (222 words)

	Volumetric Threshold Shear Strain for Cyclic Settlement
		, is evaluated for seven different sands and clays at different degrees of saturation, S, from the results of 11 Norwegian Geotechnical Institute-type direct simple shear, multistage cyclic settlement tests.
		Each test included several cyclic strain-controlled stages at cyclic shear strain amplitudes, γ
		The volumetric cyclic threshold shear strain for cyclic settlement, γ
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?0400553 (132 words)

	A Direct Simple Shear Device for Measuring Small-Strain Behavior
		A simple shear device named the double specimen direct simple shear (DSDSS) device was designed to investigate static and cyclic properties of soils at small strains, such as cyclic stress-strain loops, maximum shear modulus, G
		Author Doroudian M, Vucetic M Title A Direct Simple Shear Device for Measuring Small-Strain Behavior Symposium, Committee: on
		clay, cyclic loading, damping, shear modulus, simple shear test, small strains
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/GEOTECH/PAGES/58.htm (96 words)

	Arias Intensity Assessment of Liquefaction Test Sites on the East Side of San Francisco Bay Affected by the Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of 17 October 1989 : - USGS WR CMG
		/N ratios rather than direct field investigations of liquefaction test sites.
		Typical of all these sites, which represent occurrences of liquefaction-induced damage farthest from the rupture zone, are low cone penetration test and Standard Penetration Test resistances in zones of cohesionless silty and sandy hydraulic fill, and underlying soft cohesive Holocene and Pleistocene sediment that strongly amplified ground motions.
		Hardin, B. and Drnevich, V P.: 1972, Shear modulus and damping of soils: Measurement and parameter effects, Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division ASCE 98(SM6), Proc.
	walrus.wr.usgs.gov /geotech/arias (5470 words)

	IP.com's Prior Art Database
		There are several types of ball shear testers available with internal calibration capabilities, These calibration methods are usually not run in the same mode as the actual shear test and in some cases do not give a direct response in grams force as in the actual shear test.
		The ball shear calibration fixture consists of a mechanism to apply a known force to the shear tool and load cell Of the tester via a standardized calibration weight as shown in figure...
		The ball shear calibration fixture was developed so that the accuracy of shear force measurements taken with ball shear test equipment could be verified through an independent means.
	www.priorartdatabase.com /IPCOM/000005841/privacy.jsp (5470 words)

	ASTM Standards on Disc : Standards by Technical Committee D18.12
		D5607-95 Standard Test Method for Performing Laboratory Direct Shear Strength Tests of Rock Specimens Under Constant Normal Force
		D2936-95 Standard Test Method for Direct Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens
		D2845-95e1 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Pulse Velocities and Ultrasonic Elastic Constants of Rock
	amaec.kicet.re.kr /cd_astm/COMS/D1812.htm (565 words)

	Bachelor of Civil Engineering
		Mohr's strength theory Mohr-coulomb's strength theory, direct shear test, introduction to triaxial compression test, unconfined compression test, vane shear test, effective stress principle.
		Definition, theory of compaction laboratory compaction tests, factors affecting compaction in the field, effect of compaction on soil properties, placement water content, placement layer thickness, field control of compaction.
		Compressibility of soils, definition and mechanism of consolidation, spring analogy, compression index, coefficient of compressibility, coefficient of volume change, derivation of Terzaghi's one dimensional consolidation equation, time factor and consolidation ratio, calculation of consolidation settlement for uniform pressure increment in a clay layer, one dimensional consolidation test, laboratory and theoretical time curves.
	www.ngu.ac.in /Academic/engineering/CL505.htm (565 words)

	Discrete Element Method
		ELLIPSE3 - 3-D DEM for ellipsoids (with periodic space or rigid boundary); it can also perform direct shear test, or simple shear test in addition to triaxial test.
		PENC - 2-D DEM for penetration process (1) (2) of concrete target and a rigid ogive shape penetrator.
		The discrete element method (DEM) is a finite difference scheme.
	geolab.unm.edu /dem.html (135 words)

	GEOTEST
		D5607-02 Standard Test Method for Performing Laboratory Direct Shear Strength Tests of Rock Specimens Under Constant Normal Force
		Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Pulse Velocities and Ultrasonic Elastic Constants of Rock
		Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Freezing and Thawing Conditions
	www.geotest.com /GTX-Rock.asp (284 words)

	Bond Testing for Electronic Components using a New Non-Destructive Testing Technique
		It is these obvious weak spots that have inspired a team of researchers to revise the testing methods completely by developing a nondestructive system that uses light to test the integrity of bonds at least 30 times faster than the pulling and shearing methods.
		These bonds are tested manually using bond pull and bond shear techniques, but their destructive nature means tests are carried out on representative samples rather than the actual product.
		No direct contact is made with the object, the excitation is much gentler than that required in a contact test and the speed of testing is much faster than any automated assembly machine, allowing real-time process control.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1812 (1042 words)

	Skin Friction of Driven Piles in Chiang Mai Stiff Clay
		In part II, laboratory testing was conducted to determine a parameter for evaluated the unit skin friction by direct shear tests.
		It was found that in part I, the unit skin friction was about 5.77 to 10.27 tons per square meter and it is demonstrated that the total stress method used by correlation between adhesion factor and undrained shear strength is found to estimate the skin friction reasonably well.
		In part III, from the tension test the unit skin friction had average 11.57 tons per square meter and it was found that in the estimated skin friction the total stress method and effective stress method had lower value than observed.
	www.grad.cmu.ac.th /abstract/2000/eng/abstract/eng01004.html (1042 words)

	Steerability Analysis of Tracked Vehicles on Soft Soil; Theoretical Predictions Versus Field Measurements - Storming Media
		A number of in situ direct shear tests were conducted at each test site and the results used to fit a mathematical soil model with a rate-dependent nonlinear failure envelope for input to the tracked vehicle prediction model.
		To validate the accuracy of the model for predicting the steering performance of tracked vehicles on soft soils, circular-turn tests were conducted at two sites on a floodplain north of Redwood, Mississippi, and on a dredged spoil area within the WES reservation at Vicksburg, Mississippi.
		Thirty-five circular-turn tests were conducted at the three test sites, but due to instrumentation problems, complete data were collected for only 16 tests at the Redwood sites.
	www.stormingmedia.us /43/4387/A438711.html (1042 words)

	Proceedings, International Conference on Physics and Mechanics of Soil Liquefaction,
		The piezovibrocone will serve as a specialized in-situ testing tool for the direct evaluation of soil liquefaction potential and post-cyclic residual undrained shear strength on site-specific projects.
		Procedures for soil liquefaction evaluation include both in-situ and laboratory test methods that require correction factors which are not always fully-understood nor well-defined.
		ABSTRACT: Current practice for assessing soil liquefaction susceptibility of sands and silts during earthquakes and their post-cyclic undrained shear strength relies strongly on empirical methodologies.
	www.ce.gatech.edu /~geosys/Faculty/Mayne/js/abs.htm (205 words)

	MAHSC - Earthquake Hazard Mapping in the New Madrid and Wabash Valley Seismic Zones
		Because we continue to collect borehole, shear-wave velocity, and standard penetration test data throughout the CUSEC region, the electronic version of the mapping program will be upgraded continuously.
		However, for NGM's that are dissimilar to Borcherdt's descriptions, estimates or direct shear-wave velocity measurements were required for the CUSEC area.
		Any one of our maps can be used as a "stand-alone" product showing relative amounts of shaking among areas, or the map can be used in conjunction with other maps which show the expected acceleration on bedrock for various earthquake source locations and magnitudes.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /seismic/1-3-a.htm (517 words)

	C1198-96 Standard Test Method for Dynamic Youngs Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poissons Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Sonic Resonance
		Advanced ceramics of a composite character (particulate, whisker, or fiber reinforced) may be tested by this test method with the understanding that the character (volume fraction, size, morphology, distribution, orientation, elastic properties, and interfacial bonding) of the reinforcement in the test specimen will have a direct effect on the elastic properties.
		The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations.
		These reinforcement effects must be considered in interpreting the test results for composites.
	www.astm.org /DATABASE.CART/HISTORICAL.OLD/C1198-96.htm (543 words)

	JRJohanson
		Johanson, J. Compaction of Granular Solids with a Combination of Shear and Direct Compression.
		Apparatus and Test Method for Determining Flow or No-Flow Conditions of Bulk Solids (a.k.a.
		Hoppers with Directionally Applied Relative Motion to Promote Solids Flow.
	www.jrjohanson.com /index/education/patents (543 words)

	Compression and Shear Behavior of Mudstone Aggregates
		In this paper, a staged compression–immersion–direct shear test was conducted on the compacted samples of crushed mudstone aggregates, and its compressive and shear behavior are discussed with attention to cementation effects.
		A gap between the shear stress–void ratio lines of the specimens with and without immersion can be considered to represent a combined effect of cementation retained in a crushed mudstone aggregate itself and an interlocking effect of aggregates.
		The compression lines and critical state lines of the nonimmersed and immersed specimens seem to parallel each other, and the compression line of the nonimmersed and the critical state line of the immersed form the upper and lower bounds, respectively.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?0408044 (201 words)

	Staged Compression-Immersion Direct Shear Test on Compacted Crushed Mudstone
		This paper introduces a staged compression-immersion-direct shear test carried out in order to deal with compressive settlement phenomena of compacted crushed mudstone during staged filling and due to immersion from the viewpoints of not only deformation but also shear strength deterioration.
		Shear strength decreases due to immersion being accompanied with volume decrease, and the shear strength decrease and volume change are larger in the samples compacted with 95% degree of compaction.
		The test apparatus and procedure are described, and as an example, compacted crushed Kobe mudstone samples are tested.
	journalsip.astm.org /JOURNALS/TESTEVAL/PAGES/646.htm (235 words)

	NASA History Fact Sheet
		Building on its roots in the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NASA has continued to conduct many types of cutting-edge aeronautics research on aerodynamics, wind shear, and other important topics using wind tunnels, flight testing, and computer simulations.
		Established as a direct result of the Sputnik crisis, NASA absorbed the NACA intact: its 8,000 employees, an annual budget of $100 million, three major research laboratories—Langley and Ames aeronautical laboratories and Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory—and two smaller test facilities.
		Established on October 1, 1958, with the passage of the National Aeronautics and Space Act, signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on July 29, 1958, NASA added the development of space technology to the NACA's aeronautics mission.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Evolution_of_Technology/NASA/Tech2.htm (235 words)

	A Brief History of NASA
		Building on its roots in the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NASA has continued to conduct many types of cutting-edge aeronautics research on aerodynamics, wind shear, and other important topics using wind tunnels, flight testing, and computer simulations.
		A direct result of the Sputnik crisis, NASA began operations on October 1, 1958, absorbing into itself the earlier National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics intact: its 8,000 employees, an annual budget of $100 million, three major research laboratories-Langley Aeronautical Laboratory, Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, and Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory-and two smaller test facilities.
		After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in the Cold War, a broad contest over the ideologies and allegiances of the nonaligned nations.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/factsheet.htm (235 words)

	Anisotropy
		Anisotropy causes shear waves to split into two pulses with different polarizations, one travelling faster than the other, with the differential travel time accumulating with the path length traversed in the anisotropic region and the amount of anisotropy.
		The effect of the source side anisotropy for the shallow events is still in the data after the upper mantle correction for the mantle directly beneath the station.
		To test whether this mechanism can be the explanation for the L, the effect of the anisotropy on SS phases and its precursors must be studied.
	www.es.ucsc.edu /~srost/diss_01/node35.html (515 words)

	Strain Gages
		Gage having two chevron grids that are used in half-bridge circuits for direct indication of shear strains.
		Strain gages and temperature sensors bonded to a metal carrier for spot welding to a test structure when adhesive cannot be used or minimum installation time is required.
		Rosettes for the practical, widely used hole-drilling method of residual stress determination.
	www.vishay.com /brands/measurements_group/strain_gages/mm.htm (515 words)

	Shear Strength Characteristics of PVC Geomembrane
		The main difference between the ring shear and direct shear test methods is in the values obtained for the residual friction angle and shear displacement at the residual strength.
		The higher interface shear strengths for the PVC geomembrane/GT2 interface than the drainage composite interface is attributed to the larger contact area for the GT2 geotextile versus the area corresponding to the geonet in the drainage composite.
		However, the smooth PVC geomembrane interface exhibited a peak shear strength that was roughly 30% higher than that for the faille side and it reached this peak strength at a larger shear displacement.
	geomembrane.com /friction/PVCShearStrength.htm (515 words)

	ejge authors: Bagherpour and Choobbasti
		Iman Bagherpour's main interests are Soil Stabilization by Lime and Cement, Lime and Cement Grouting, and Strength of Unsaturated soils (direct shear and unconfined compression test in unsaturated soils).
		He achieved the premier letter of appreciation from chancellor of Mazandaran university for his hard work that resulted in his being recognized as the exemplary student.
		Iman Bagherpour has received his master degree in geotechnical engineering at the University of Mazandaran, Iran, under supervision of Dr. J.
	www.ejge.com /2003/Ppr0315/Authors.htm (151 words)

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In the News (Thu 31 Dec 09)