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Topic: Direct injection

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	dSPACE - Flexible Direct Injection
		The PS-DINJ 2/1 (DS1664) is a new direct injection module from dSPACE which when used in conjunction with the RapidPro prototyping platform provides universally configurable control electronics for direct injection diesel and gasoline engines with solenoid injectors.
		By employing new combustion chamber processes, and new injection methods and strategies, automobile manufacturers are able to cut fuel consumption, exhaust gas emissions, and noise emission, and at the same time boost engine power.
		Up to 10 injections per cylinder (pre, post, and main injections) can be implemented at a resolution of 0.1° crankshaft angle within one engine cycle.
	www.dspace.ltd.uk /ww/en/ltd/home/company/dspace_pressroom/press/pr06100001.cfm (0 words)

	Direct Injection
		Gasoline direct injection engines are engineered to inject the gasoline directly into the cylinder in a manner similar to diesel direct injection engines.
		Direct injection is also designed to allow higher compression ratios, delivering higher performance with lower fuel consumption.
		The MPC500 Family of microcontrollers is designed to respond to direct injection implementation challenges based on its operation in a wide temperature range, from approximately -40°C to 125°C, and its high performance.
	www.freescale.com /webapp/sps/site/application.jsp?nodeId=02Wcbf56hRQ2N5 (521 words)

	The Steering Column - Columns - Car and Driver June 2004
		Although there were some performance and fuel-economy benefits with direct injection (DI), the most important plus was the ability to provide uninterrupted power during violent maneuvers that often caused carbureted engines to sputter and hesitate.
		Port injection was cheaper because the injection took place at much lower pressure, the injectors were not subject to the searing heat of the combustion chamber, and the injection-timing requirements were relaxed.
		In the '70s, Ford and Texaco worked on a system called Proco, for "programmed combustion." The goal was to use direct injection to achieve lean combustion, which requires a much lower than normal proportion of fuel to air, which can in turn improve fuel efficiency.
	www.caranddriver.com /article.asp?section_id=27&article_id=8130&page_number=1 (0 words)

	RAM Direct Injection Home - Regis Technologies
		With direct injection, sample handling is significantly reduced; therefore, potentially dangerous samples such as plasma, serum, urine and environmental samples do not pose as significant a threat to the worker.
		In an effort to extend the applicability of the RAM Direct Injection columns, Regis, in conjunction with Dr. Fred Regnier and Dr. Carla Desilets at Purdue University, developed the Semi-Permeable Surface (SPS).
		The RAM Direct Injection column can be used in a column switching application to retain the small nonpolar analytes while allowing the matrix to pass through to waste.
	www.registech.com /ram/index.html (0 words)

	Audi Worldwide > Glossary > Engine & Driveline > Diesel direct injection
		In the many years that have passed since the diesel engine was invented, various fuel injection systems have been developed.
		Direct injection is economical, but initially made the engine somewhat noisy and uneven at idle; it was therefore used initially only in utility vehicles.
		Audi is the only automobile manufacturer in the premium segment to offer combinations such as TDI® and quattro®, TDI® and multitronic® or TDI® and common-rail fuel injection.
	www.audi.com /audi/com/en2/tools/glossary/engine_driveline/diesel_direct_injection.html (0 words)

	Pick Heaters, Inc. Direct Steam Injection Process Heating
		The Pick Direct Steam Injection Heater adapts quickly to load changes and maintains precise temperature control to within 1°C or less in many systems.
		The Pick Direct Steam Injection Variable Flow System delivers an unlimited supply of hot water at the precise temperature regardless of the number of stations in use at any one time.
		The Pick "BX Series" of Direct Steam Injection Heaters is designed for use in paper mills where high-volumes of starch can be cooked in-line.
	www.pickheaters.com (0 words)

	The Advantages of Pick Direct Steam Injection Heaters - increasing efficiency in your plant
		When compared with indirect shell and tube or plate and frame heat exchangers, Pick Direct Steam Injection Heaters can cut fuel costs dramatically – up to 28% – because 100% of the available energy from the steam is absorbed by the liquid.
		The Pick Direct Steam Injection Heater adapts quickly to load changes and maintains precise temperature control to within 1°C or less in many systems.
		With Pick Direct Steam Injection Heaters, there is no need for straight run discharge piping after the heater as required by venturi-type heaters.
	www.pickheaters.com /advantages_of_direct_steam_injection.cfm (269 words)

	2008 GM 3.6-Liter VVT Engine With Direct Injection
		Direct injection differs from the fuel delivery process of a conventional engine by delivering fuel directly into the engine cylinder, where it is mixed with air.
		Direct injection is a continuation of the evolutionary process of moving the fuel introduction point closer to the cylinder to improve control.
		Direct injection requires higher fuel pressure than conventional fuel injected engines and an engine-driven high-pressure fuel pump is used to supply up to 1,740 psi (120 bar) of pressure.
	www.worldcarfans.com /rsslink.cfm/article/2060518.001/generalmotors/2008-gm-3.6-liter-vvt-engine-with-direct-injection (1036 words)

	A compressed air direct injection crop sprayer
		Direct injection crop sprayers have been developed to aid farmers reduce their pesticide costs, be more environmentally friendly and aid operator safety.
		Direct injection sprayers have given the farmer the ability to change the pesticide dose rate while travelling across the field, so that varying soil characteristics or weed concentrations within the field can be allowed for.
		To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed pesticide injection system, the components were installed into a laboratory sprayer demonstration unit (Fig.1) Initially all the tests were done with water in the 50 litre SVR container, as it is a safe medium to use.
	aben.cals.cornell.edu /extension/pestapp/publications/pneum.inj.html (2570 words)

	Theory and Parts of Direct Injection Sprayer
		The injection of a chemical into a liquid may be found in many water treatment plants and a number of road sweeping lorries use injection techniques to control kerbside weeds.
		The basic principle of direct injection on a crop sprayer is that pesticide and water is kept in separate containers.
		The application of electronics to direct injection sprayers gives the operator the ability to change the pesticide dose rate while travelling across the field, so that varying soil characteristics or weed concentrations within the field can be allowed for.
	aben.cals.cornell.edu /extension/pestapp/publications/dir.inj.naac.html (1605 words)

	Direct Injection
		The process of direct injection is basically human interaction to speed up the natural process of carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere. Natural ocean-atmosphere interaction is limited by ocean transport (time scale ~300 years). Direct injection would bypass the slow natural ocean mixing.
		The success of carbon dioxide direct injection directly depends on where and how deep the CO is injected.
		One of the disadvantages of direct injection is the cost associated with the pre-sequestration processing. When choosing to process carbon dioxide for ocean sequestration one can use a solid, liquid, or gas, but processing liquid CO is the easiest.
	www.princeton.edu /~chm333/2002/fall/co_two/oceans/direct_injection.html (787 words)

	Re: Direct Fuel Injection
		Greetings: Direct fuel injection has been used on diesel engines for most of the 20th century while their adaptation to other types of mass produced internal combustion engines have occurred during the latter half of the century.
		In a modern automotive diesel engine the fuel injection pump on each cylinder must supply fuel at a pressure of between 350 and 1200 bar (one bar = 0.987 standard atmosphere) to be injected into a cylinder during the peak of the compression cycle.
		Finally the direct injection of fuel at high pressure into each cylinder gives the maximum control of engine performance with the elimination of bulky intake manifolds and their assorted fixtures.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/may98/892244452.Eg.r.html (613 words)

	Green Car Congress: Automakers Introduce New Gasoline Direct Injection Engines at Detroit
		Gasoline direct injection technology offers improved combustion and fuel efficiency, offering automakers either a way to deliver comparable power with lower fuel consumption, or increased power with less of a fuel consumption penalty.
		Direct injection delivers precisely metered and timed fuel directly to the combustion chamber, enabling a more precise mixture formation.
		BMW, which announced a new in-line six-cylinder, 3.0-liter bi-turbo gasoline engine with direct injection (High Precision Injection) and fully variable camshaft control to optimize combustion in March 2006 (earlier post), announced its first four-cylinder, 2.0-liter gasoline direct injection engine, to be applied in its newly announced 320i Convertible.
	www.greencarcongress.com /2007/01/automakers_intr.html (2286 words)

	Moldova.org - Auto - News - 2007 Mercedes-Benz CLS 350 CGI: Direct Injection Petrol Technology Available in Mercedes' ...
		Specifically, the injection valves must form a uniform spray of fuel which is stable under all operating conditions in the immediate area of the spark plugs.
		Under all injection and operating conditions the result is a uniform, hol-low-cone-shaped spray pattern which even retains its shape if the electronic engine management system changes the angle of the intake camshafts or the length of the intake ducts when a high output is required.
		As in the V6 with conventional fuel injection, the emission control concept of the new CGI engine has two stages: it is based both on in-engine measures which ensure low engine-out emissions and on effective exhaust gas aftertreatment by a total of four catalytic converters.
	auto.moldova.org /stiri/eng/10059 (2381 words)

	Turbo Direct Injection - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Volkswagen's Turbo Direct Injection (TDI) is a turbocharged and intercooled diesel engine with direct fuel injection.
		Direct injection engines have the fuel injector mounted in the cylinder wall, instead of behind intake valves.
		This results in locally heavy concentrations of fuel, enabling for compression detonation, but the average fuel-air mixture over the combusiton chamber is lower, enabling a more complete burn and higher fuel efficiency.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Turbo_direct_injection (138 words)

	cars.com glossary
		The earliest and simplest type of fuel injection, single-point simply replaces the carburetor with one or two fuel-injector nozzles in the throttle body, which is the throat of the engine’s air intake manifold.
		Direct injection takes the fuel injection concept about as far as it can go, injecting fuel directly into the combustion chambers, past the valves.
		Direct injection is another tool in that discipline, one that can be used in low-emissions lean-burn engines.
	www.cars.com /carsapp/national/?srv=parser&act=display&tf=/glossary/pop_large/fuel_injection_types_pop.tmpl (552 words)

	Carpages.ca - Mercedes-Benz Re-Thinks Direct Injection (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nevertheless, piezo injectors differ from the injectors used in standard gasoline direct injection engines in that they're made of metal and ceramic which change their state in a matter of milliseconds, when subjected to an electrical current.
		fuel savings generated by direct injection engines come from their unique ability to run lean, a term used to describe a mixture of gasoline and air that is used for combustion.
		The injection spray in any direct injection system is ultra-fine and evenly distributed, allowing the engine to run lean, but under high compression.
	www.carpages.ca /go/autonews/03152006,mercedesbenz_rethinks_direct_injection.aspx (1252 words)

	Fuel Efficiency And Vehicle Emissions (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As with direct injection gasoline engine, tightening emission regulations and poor fuel quality present obstacles to bringing this technology to the market.
		The 2000 model year 3400 V6 engine with sequential fuel injection delivers EPA established label ratings of 20 miles per gallon city and 32 miles per gallon highway, making it the most fuel efficient V6 in its class and the first V6 gasoline-powered vehicle in the industry to reach 32 miles per gallon highway.
		Direct injection gasoline engines, variable valve timing (VVT) or innovative transmission systems are on the GME portfolio for the future.
	www.gm.com /company/gmability/sustainability/reports/00/vision/environment/product3.html (1922 words)

	AudiWorld Forums: Direct injection: more power, but less fuel
		Direct injection is currently used on many diesel engines, and the gasoline direct injection uses similar principles.
		On direct injection gasoline engines, the fuel is still ignited by the spark plug, because compression ratios in gas engines don't compress the air high enough to generate as much heat.
		One of the problems with direct injection is there is a limited amount of time for the fuel to evaporate before it is ignited.
	forums.audiworld.com /blog/msgs/194.phtml (737 words)

	New Ecotec 2.0L Direct Injection Turbo Engine
		Gasoline direct injection differs from the fuel delivery process of a conventional engine by delivering fuel directly into the combustion chamber, where it is mixed with air drawn into the chamber.
		Direct injection is a continuation of the evolutionary process of moving the fuel introduction point closer to the combustion location to improve control.
		Direct injection requires higher fuel pressure than conventional fuel-injected engines, and an engine-driven high-pressure fuel pump is used to supply up to 2,250 psi of pressure.
	www.saturnfans.com /Cars/Powertrains/ecotecditurbo.shtml (1777 words)

	Direct injection vs indirect injection (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In an indirect injection diesel engine fuel is injected into a small prechamber which is connected to the cylinder by a narrow opening.
		In a direct injection diesel engine, fuel is injected directly into the cylinder.
		Direct injection diesel engines are generally more efficient than indirect injection engines, but have a tendency to produce greater amounts of audible noise.
	www.fact-index.com /d/di/direct_injection_vs_indirect_injection.html (147 words)

	CIS Auto Web's Diesel Land Cruisers (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Direct injection or Turbo Direct injection (TDi) is a different kind of diesel fuel injection system that is more efficient than indirect injection.
		Direct injected motors produce more noise and heat than indirect engines which is why direct injected engines weren't found until the late 70s and have not become widely available until the 80s.
		However, direct injected engines and turbo direct injected engines are now widespread and have been built to control noise is some applications and are generally more efficient.
	cruisers.shoumatoffmedia.com /directinjection.html (114 words)

	BT - Direct Injection of Steam for Mash Temperature Control
		For those mashing in unheated tuns, direct steam injection might be a low-cost method of adding heating capability to the tuns for stepped mashes.
		At the pub and microbrewery scale, direct injection of steam is in its experimental stage.
		My earlier experience with temperature control experiments using a 500-gal tank suggests that direct injection of steam may soon become a tested and accepted method for professional brewers as well.
	brewingtechniques.com /brewingtechniques/library/backissues/issue2.4/jones.html (2171 words)

	Clinical Trial: Direct Injection of Alcohol for the Treatment of Spinal Tumors
		Researchers believe that intratumoral ethanol injection is a treatment worth studying more closely because it is minimally invasive, has been proven to be an effective treatment for other types of metastatic tumors, can be used repeatedly, and does not interfere with other treatments such as surgery.
		The effectiveness and safety of intratumoral injection of absolute ethanol in eradicating vertebral hemangiomas and hepatic metastases suggests that intratumoral ethanol injection may also be effective in treating vertebral metastases.
		Intratumoral injection of absolute ethanol warrants a clinical trial because it is minimally invasive, has been effective in treating peripheral metastases, can be used repeatedly, and does not preclude other types of treatments such as open surgery.
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00001417 (1114 words)

	Motorcycle Daily
		If you read my recent article about direct injection, you know that by allowing more precise control of fuel delivery, direct injection opens the door for engineers to design a bike with a higher compression ratio that will still run safely on pump gas.
		For this reason, direct injection is a perfect fit with turbocharging (which I discussed in previous articles found here and here).
		Right now, we would say it's a distinct possibility that when the motorcycle manufacturers bring direct injection to the market, turbocharging won't be far behind, at least for some models.
	www.motorcycledaily.com /16april06_direct.htm (442 words)

	Diesel cars come clean
		The injection pressure results from the metered fuel quantity being pushed through the nozzle orifice by the injection piston with a velocity proportional to engine speed.
		Besides variations in the quantity and start of the injection, the common rail permits the choice of pressure from 150 to 1,400 bars and the delivery of injection fuel in several portions, according to Gerhard Stumpp and Mario Ricco of Bosch's Diesel Division in Feuerbach, Germany.
		The duration of injection, the fuel pressure in the rail, and the flow area of the injector determines the injected fuel quantity.
	www.memagazine.org /backissues/august97/features/diesel/diesel.html (2782 words)

	Bosch - Gasoline Direct Injection
		Gasoline direct injection and turbo charging are modern technologies that provide maximum performance.
		While older turbo engines had the disadvantage of relatively high consumption, direct injection permits more efficient use of fuel.
		Direct injection for powerful, economic and clean gasoline engines
	www.bosch.de /innovationen_kfz/content/language2/html/bde.htm (322 words)

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