Direct-methanol fuel cell

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Topic: Direct-methanol fuel cell

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	Toshiba : Press Releases 5 March, 2003
		Toshiba Announces World’s First Small Form Factor Direct Methanol Fuel Cell for Portable PCs
		Methanol in a fuel cell delivers power most efficiently when it is mixed with water in a 3 to 6% methanol concentration--a concentration requiring a fuel tank that is much too large for use with portable equipment.
		Fuel cells are widely seen as a replacement for lithium-ion batteries, but companies working on their development have to overcome the problems of miniaturization and fuel delivery.
	www.toshiba.co.jp /about/press/2003_03/pr0501.htm (648 words)

	PCWorld.com - Hitachi Details Fuel Cell Plans
		Direct methanol fuel cells mix methanol with air and water to produce electrical power.
		Toshiba has developed a DMFC that is intended to be used as a handheld charger for batteries for mobile electronics products.
		The prototype fuel cell is a cartridge type around.4 inches in diameter and between 1.9 inches and 2.4 inches in length, said Nemoto.
	www.pcworld.com /news/article/0,aid,113844,00.asp (314 words)

	HFCIT Fuel Cells: Types of Fuel Cells
		Direct methanol fuel cell technology is relatively new compared to that of fuel cells powered by pure hydrogen, and DMFC research and development are roughly 3-4 years behind that for other fuel cell types.
		Most fuel cells are powered by hydrogen, which can be fed to the fuel cell system directly or can be generated within the fuel cell system by reforming hydrogen-rich fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and hydrocarbon fuels.
		Molten carbonate fuel cells are not prone to carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide "poisoning" —they can even use carbon oxides as fuel—making them more attractive for fueling with gases made from coal.
	www.eere.energy.gov /hydrogenandfuelcells/fuelcells/fc_types.html (314 words)

	Fuel Cell Directory by FreeEnergyNews.com
		Fuel cell prototype for Thinkpad notebooks - IBM and SANYO have unveiled plans for a prototype micro direct methanol fuel cell system that could supply up to 8 hours of power per cartridge on present and future ThinkPad models.
		Fuel Cell Brings Heat and Power to British Homes - British Gas is working on a commercial development program with Ceres Power to provide domestic boilers, powered by natural-gas-operated fuel cells, that produce electricity as well as heat, while reducing energy bills and CO2 emissions.
		Fuel cell that runs on blood - A Japanese research team at Tohoku University has developed a fuel cell that runs on blood without using toxic substances, opening the way for use in artificial hearts and other organs.
	www.freeenergynews.com /Directory/FuelCell (2679 words)

	Fuel Cells ,Fuel Cells, Fuel Cells
		Direct Methanol Fuel Cells are similar to the PEM cells in that they both use a polymer membrane as the electrolyte.
		These types of fuel cells utilize water as a fuel, and are are currently being researched by NASA and others worldwide But are still a relatively young member of the fuel cell family, regenerative fuel cells would be attractive as a closed-loop form of power generation.
		The aluminum-air fuel cell's high-energy output results from the characteristic energy density of aluminum and the fact that three electrons are released for every atom of aluminum reacted (1 mole electrons released per 9 g aluminum compared to 1 mole electrons released per 32.7 g Zn used).
	www.geocities.com /aardduck/fc_basic.html (2679 words)

	Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
		A relatively new member of the fuel-cell family, the direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is similar to the PEM cell in that it uses a polymer membrane as an electrolyte.
		Fuel cells are a type of technology that use hydrogen to produce useful energy.
		A phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) consists of an anode and a cathode made of a finely dispersed platinum catalyst on carbon paper, and a silicon carbide matrix that holds the phosphoric acid electrolyte.
	www.continuousemissionmonitoring.com /MoltenCarbonateFuelCells.htm (2679 words)

	Hydrogen Fuel Cells and H2 Fuel Cells
		A relatively new member of the fuel-cell family, the direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is similar to the PEM cell in that it uses a polymer membrane as an electrolyte.
		The hydrogen could then be stored and burned as fuel, or to operate a fuel cell to generate electricity at night or during cloudy periods.
		Fuel cells are a type of technology that use hydrogen to produce useful energy.
	www.cogeneration.net /HydrogenFuelCells.htm (2679 words)

	The Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Letter
		NOTRE DAME, IN - Single-wall carbon nanotubes apparently are turning out to be the support of choice for catalytic materials in direct methanol fuel cells, prodding the fuel cells into performing better than with other materials, a couple of papers by teams headed by a Notre Dame researcher say.
		AUSTIN, TX - Aspirations of green hydrogen advocates notwithstanding who want to make the stuff simply by splitting water via electrolysis and clean, renewables-derived electricity, most hydrogen today is made industrially by breaking down natural gas - a fossil fuel - by steam-reforming it.
		CARSON, CA - If all goes according to plan, a novel 500 MW power plant fueled by refinery byproducts converted to mostly hydrogen will start churning out electricity five years from now for Southern California.
	www.hfcletter.com (323 words)

	Hydrogen Fuel Cells - ABS Alaskan Alternative Energy
		Direct Methanol fuel cells are a newer sub-type of the PEM cells.
		Fuel cells have been used for decades on NASA spacecraft, and other types of fuel cells are currently in use for power generation at a variety of commercial and industrial sites.
		Use of fuel cells in small system/home power applications has so far been limited by cost considerations, but prices are falling and fuel cells should emerge as a viable home power source within the next year or two.
	www.absak.com /basic/fuel-cells.html (323 words)

	Teledyne Energy Systems - Better Energy Solutions
		Advanced, reliable, compact fuel cell test equipment and hardware for testing single cells to multiple cell stacks up 10kW, with options available for PEM, SOFC, and Direct Methanol
		To be a leader in technology solutions for electrolysis, PEM fuel cell and thermoelectric applications.
		High efficiency PEM fuel cell power systems, specializing in the use of hydrogen/oxygen for unique missions including spacecraft and unmanned aircraft/airships
	www.teledyneenergysystems.com (263 words)

	Hydrogen Fuel Cells and H2 Fuel Cells
		A relatively new member of the fuel-cell family, the direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is similar to the PEM cell in that it uses a polymer membrane as an electrolyte.
		A phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) consists of an anode and a cathode made of a finely dispersed platinum catalyst on carbon paper, and a silicon carbide matrix that holds the phosphoric acid electrolyte.
		Fuel cells are a type of technology that use hydrogen to produce useful energy.
	www.cogeneration.net /HydrogenFuelCells.htm (263 words)

	Fuel Cells
		These cells can be run on a variety of fuels and one of their interesting features is their operating temperature (~ 650 ° C), which is high enough for the direct conversion of natural gas to be performed at the anode [5].
		Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) offer several potential advantages over other fuel cell systems because the high operating temperature gives flexibility in the choice of fuel, and in particular allows the possibility of running the cell directly on natural gas or other hydrocarbon fuels, internally reforming the fuel within the fuel cell.
		Hydrogen is used as the fuel at the anode (or in some cases methanol [11]) and air as the oxidant, with water and heat as the only by-products [12].
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=838 (263 words)

	Southfield home used to test alternative power - 4/16/00
		* Phosphoric acid fuel cells (used in some hospitals, nursing homes and office buildings), alkaline (used by NASA space shuttles), direct methanol, regenerative (experimental), molten carbonate (experimental)
		Fuel cells are essentially generators that use hydrogen and oxygen to produce power, water and heat with almost no harmful emissions.
		General Electric, which has partnered with Edison to refine, market and distribute Plug Power fuel cells, is already advertising a concept the size of a copying machine.
	www.detnews.com /2000/business/0004/16/b01-37557.htm (263 words)

	Fuel Cells
		These cells can be run on a variety of fuels and one of their interesting features is their operating temperature (~ 650°C), which is high enough for the direct conversion of natural gas to be performed at the anode [5].
		Hydrogen is used as the fuel at the anode (or in some cases methanol [11]) and air as the oxidant, with water and heat as the only by-products [12].
		Furthermore the electrodes are susceptible to CO poisoning and the electrolyte in the fuel cells is a corrosive liquid which, is consumed during operation [4].
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=838 (263 words)

	Articles - Hydrogen economy
		Direct methanol fuel cells do not require a reformer, but provide lower efficiencies and power densities compared to conventional fuel cells, although this could be counter balanced with the much better energy densities of ethanol and methanol over hydrogen.
		Solid-oxide fuel cells can run on light hydrocarbons such as propane and methane with out a reformer, or can run on higher hydrocarbons with only partial reforming, but the high temperature and slow startup time of these fuel cells makes then prohibitive for automobiles.
		Some think that fuel cells, using hydrogen as a fuel, are today's equivalent to the internal combustion engines of old.
	www.chainsawcenter.com /articles/Hydrogen_economy (4120 words)

	Lynntech Products: PEM Fuel Cells
		PEM fuel cells can also be configured to directly consume methanol, such as the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).
		A PEM fuel cell is capable of using oxygen directly from air, or purified.
		A proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is a device capable of generating electricity directly by means of two electrochemical reactions which take place at the proton exchange membrane/catalyst interface at low temperatures (<80° C).
	www.lynntech.com /licensing/pem_fuelcell/index.shtml (4120 words)

	Archer Energy Systems' Electrolysis Page
		Not surprisingly, a fuel cell is essentially just the reverse of an electrolytic cell: whereas electricity is used to decompose water into its constituent gases in the electrolytic cell, in a fuel cell water and electricity are generated by the direct recombination of hydrogen and oxygen.
		Also, if we were to apply the ideal electrolytic cell's "output" directly to an ideal (83%-efficient) fuel cell wherein the 'waste' heat is NOT recovered, the chain efficiency comes out a neat 100%.
		However, at present the 'best' method of producing methanol is based on the catalytic reaction of coal-derived synthesis gas, and thus a fuel cell infrastructure reliant on methanol electrolysis would be dependent on the mining of coal [ref. : www.netl.doe.gov/coalpower/].
	www.stardrivedevice.com /electrolysis.html (2535 words)

	FuelCellStore.com,Demonstrational Fuel Cell System Index,educational fuel cell system,demonstration fuel cell system,fuel cell gift,hydrogen fuel cell education
		Multi Combines an electrolyser, fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cell into one unit that is mounted on a clear base plate for use with an overhead projector.
		10 W Convection fuel cell stack is a 4 cell stack that does not require external humidification or pressurization.
		3 W Convection fuel cell stack is a 4 cell stack that does not require external humidification or pressurization.
	www.fuelcellstore.com /products/index/demonstration_fuelcell_index.html (827 words)

	USC Chemweb: Professor G. K. Surya Prakash
		Use of hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons (particularly methanol) as fuels in direct oxidation fuel cells.
		High Efficiency Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Based on Poly(styrenesulfonic) Acid (PSSA)- Poly (vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) Composite Membranes, G. Prakash, M. Smart, Q-J. Wang, A. Atti, V. Pleynet, B. Yang, K. McGrath, G. Olah, S. Narayanan, W. Chun, T. Valdez and S. Surampudi, J.
		Electrochemical reduction of anthropogenic carbon dioxide to methanol and related derivatives.
	chem.usc.edu /faculty/Prakash.html (934 words)

	PRESS RELEASE Nobel Laureate, World-Renowned Scientific Leader, and Pioneer of the Methanol Economy, Dr. George Olah, Joins QuantumSphere, Inc.
		Olah's discoveries led to the development of a new kind of fuel cell, called the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), that is a highly efficient and convenient source of electricity.
		To find new solutions to these pressing issues, Olah is working to develop new, cleaner and renewable energy technologies, based on methanol, to replace diminishing oil reserves while reducing levels of greenhouse gases.
		Olah has made significant research contributions to the practical development of improved lead-free gasoline, cleaner high-octane gas and other promising nonpolluting fuels, as well as many chemical processes now used in pharmaceutical and industrial chemistry.
	www.marketwire.com /mw/release_html_b1?release_id=105917 (752 words)

	DMFC, Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, technology -- DTI Energy Inc.
		Direct Methanol Fuel Cells are ideal for power generation, either connected to the electric grid to provide supplemental power and backup assurance for critical areas, or installed as a grid-independent generator for on-site service in areas that are inaccessible by power lines.
		The Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, DMFC, technology developed under the supervision of Dr. Rao Surumpudi supervisor of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology's electrochemical-technology group is the basis for the patents and license for which DTI Energy has control.
		Direct Methanol Fuel Cells produce electricity from potential chemical energy without combustion, through an electrochemical process that combines oxygen and hydrogen to produce electricity, heat, and water.
	www.dtienergy.com (3246 words)

	USC Chemweb: Professor George A. Olah
		New direct oxidation fuel cell technology using methanol and related fuels are also being explored.
		The reductive recycling of excess atmospheric carbon dioxide (one of the major greenhouse gases causing global warming) to methanol and through it to useful fuels and hydrocarbons is extensively studied.
		This represents a new approach called the methanol economy for energy storage, efficient fuels and synthetic hydrocarbons beyond the exhaustion of out non-renewable fossil fuel sources.
	chem.usc.edu /faculty/Olah.html (854 words)

	C&EN: PRIESTLEY MEDAL ADDRESS - PROUD TO BE A CHEMIST
		Methanol is also an excellent fuel in its own right, including its use in the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) that we developed jointly with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of California Institute of Technology.
		Methanol, significantly, can also be directly converted catalytically into ethylene or propylene and subsequently to varied hydrocarbons and their products presently obtained from oil and natural gas.
		I believe that, using selective absorption methods and membrane technology, it will be eventually even feasible to separate atmospheric CO itself (representing only 0.036% of air) and convert it into methanol, thus freeing humankind of its reliance on diminishing fossil fuels.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/coverstory/83/print/8311georgeolah1.html (3881 words)

	DMFC, Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, technology -- DTI Energy Inc.
		Direct Methanol Fuel Cells are ideal for power generation, either connected to the electric grid to provide supplemental power and backup assurance for critical areas, or installed as a grid-independent generator for on-site service in areas that are inaccessible by power lines.
		The Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, DMFC, technology developed under the supervision of Dr. Rao Surumpudi supervisor of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology's electrochemical-technology group is the basis for the patents and license for which DTI Energy has control.
		Direct Methanol Fuel Cells produce electricity from potential chemical energy without combustion, through an electrochemical process that combines oxygen and hydrogen to produce electricity, heat, and water.
	www.dtienergy.com (3246 words)

	UD School of Engineering - Chemical Engineering - Sandhu
		Sandhu, S.S., et al., " Prediction of transport fluxes of species through a solid polymer electrolyte membrane of a direct methanol fuel cell," accepted for publication in International Journal of Electrochimica Acta, 2005.
		Sandhu, S.S., et al., "Direct methanol fuel cell thermodynamic simulation," AIChE Topical Conference Proceedings of the Fuel Cell Technology on CD-ROM, Paper 514h, Fuel Cell Technology II, 2004.
		Sandhu, S. and Fellner, J. P., "Methanol Fuel Cell Development," 33rd International Conference on Fire Safety, 33, pp.
	engineering.udayton.edu /programs/chemical/facstaff_sandhu.asp (251 words)

	72452S03
		New Proton Exchange Membranes with Improved Methanol Permeability for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) Applications--Nanosonic, Inc., P.O. Box 618, Christiansburg, VA 24068; 540-953-1785, www.nanosonic.com
		Current membrane technology needs to be improved if direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are to be used to power electronic devices.
		Commercial Applications and Other Benefits as described by awardee: New low cost and high performance membrane materials would allow the PEM fuel cell concept to be extended to other applications where output stability may be a major concern: e.g., portable remote power or regenerative fuel cells.
	www.er.doe.gov /sbir/awards_abstracts/sbirsttr/cycle21/phase2/045.htm (251 words)

	Current Energy Topics
		Currently, two major onboard fuel supply pathways are under consideration: 1) direct-hydrogen systems where the hydrogen is stored and supplied to the fuel cell in pure form, and 2) onboard hydrocarbon reformation systems where a liquid hydrocarbon fuel (methanol, gasoline) is stored onboard and then converted to a hydrogen-rich feedstock usable within the fuel cell.
		Previous studies conducted by Directed Technologies Inc. for Ford Motor Co. and the U.S. Department of Energy have identified onboard compressed gaseous hydrogen as the preferred near-term storage method for direct-hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
		Direct hydrogen systems offer lower vehicle weight and cost, simplified power systems, and zero emission operation but impose a more burdensome off-board re-supply requirement.
	www.directedtechnologies.com /energy/storage.html (251 words)

	The Alternative-fuel Vehicle Directory
		The company is a major supplier of-state-of-the-art fuel cell catalysts, proton exchange membranes, solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, fuel cell stacks and power sources, gas humidifiers, and fuel cell test equipment."
		Fuel Cells 2000 provides information to policy makers and the public; supports the early utilization of fuel cells by such means as pilot projects and government purchases; conducts activities designed to foster education, training and as supportive; legal and regulatory environment for fuel cells and related technologies."
		Our vehicles are unique by their distinctive ovoid shape and appreciated for their outstanding performance characteristics.
	www.vwc.edu /library_tech/wwwpages/gnoe/avd.htm (251 words)

	ECS Resume and Positions Wanted Database
		Wenzhen Li, Zhenhua Zhou, Weijiang Zhou, Huanqiao Li, Xinsheng Zhao, Guoxiong Wang, Gongquan Sun, Qin Xin, Preparation and characterization of Pt/C cathode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells, Chinese Journal of Catalysis£¬2003, 24, 465-470.
		Wenzhen Li, Weijiang Zhou, Xinsheng Zhao, Guoxiong Wang, Zhenhua Zhou, Suli Wang, Shuqin Song, Jiangguo Liu, Gongquan Sun, Qin Xin, Cathodic electrocatalyst Pt-Fe/C for direct methanol fuel cells£¬the 11th National Conference of Catalysis, 1323-1324.
		Xinsheng Zhao, Xiaoying Fan, Guoxiong Wang, Qin Xin, Baolian Yi,Gongquan Sun, Investigation of Performance Degradation of Electrodes in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell.
	www.electrochem.org /moresumes/showmessage.asp?messageID=257 (251 words)

	Hydrogen Cars Vehicles and the H2 Economy
		According to the LANL, "Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research at Los Alamos has made significant technological advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), and related technologies such as the electrolyzer (a fuel cell in reverse, liberating hydrogen from electricity and pure water)."
		The conversion from gasoline powered combustion engines to hydrogen powered combustion engines is agreed upon by most scientists and engineers to be a particularly easy transition and would by time for hydrogen fuel cell cars to be fully adapted.
		In the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia, hydrogen fuel cell cars were used to shuttle athletes and dignitaries around to the various venues.
	www.hydrogen-cars.biz (497 words)

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In the News (Sat 2 Jun 12)