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Topic: Directly effective

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	Regulation
		In particular, in the European Union, a regulation is directly enforced as law in all EU member states.
		Concerning EC Law, Regulation has a general aim, and is obligatory in all its elements and directly applicable in all Member States of the European Union.
		Because regulations are directly effective, the individual countries do not need to pass local laws to bring them into effect, and indeed any local laws contrary to the regulation are overruled (as EC Law is supreme over the laws of the Member States).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/re/Regulation.html (306 words)

	Decision Making about Effective Behavioral Support (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Decisions about the effective behavioral support system are made by a team comprised of representatives of the entire school building, for example, general and special educators, educational assistants, related services personnel, and administrators.
		Studies that directly measure the behavior the effective behavioral support procedure is interested in changing should be given more weight in final decision making than those studies that rely on secondary sources of information regarding outcomes.
		Effectively changing problem behavior is beyond the expertise of a single special or general educator.
	idea.uoregon.edu /~ncite/documents/techrep/tech25.html (5601 words)

	PlanetPapers - European Union - When and to what extent are directives ‘directly effective’?
		The case also confirmed the position that individuals could only rely upon rights directly under the directive “at the end of the prescribed period and in the event of a the member states default,” at which point the member state forfeits any discretion they were given and the directive becomes directly effective.
		However this problem regarding the ‘horizontal’ limitation on the scope of directives which means that they are not directly effective in all circumstances, has somewhat been alleviated with the courts developing a number of other measures through which directives can have legal effect in member states, enhancing their domestic application.
		Directives appear to be vertically directly effective with horizontal limitations but this is a position that has been undermined with the expansive definition of state and the concept of indirect effect which provide another means for directives to be given legal effect within member states without having to encounter the restrictive conditions of direct effect.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/5189.php (2873 words)

	Asthma: Potentially Effective Interventions \| CDC APRHB
		Control of asthma requires appropriate diagnosis, effective use of medications, knowledge and understanding of the causes and consequences of the disease, and modifications of environmental exposures and behaviors that may negatively impact the disease.
		In addition to what occurs in the clinician’s office, a number of interventions have been demonstrated to be potentially effective in improving asthma control and are generally implemented in community settings with groups of people who have asthma.
		This site provides information on potentially effective interventions for asthma control, including methodology for identification of the interventions, results, lessons learned, information on the interventions themselves, a bibliography of reviewed literature, and case studies of several interventions.
	www.cdc.gov /asthma/interventions/default.htm (405 words)

	Patent 6,362,225
		Therapies and compositions are described for use in the treatment of a variety of common viral infections such as those of the upper respiratory tract, eye, stomach and intestines, and such viral lesions as cold sores, canker sores and those caused by genital herpes.
		The effective ingredient in the various therapies and compositions is the compound L-Lysine monohydrochloride (lysine).
		The application of L-lysine monohydrochloride may be made directly to the target areas at regular intervals during the duration of the viral infection.
	pharmcast.com /Patents/Yr2002/Mar2002/032602/6362225_Viral032602.htm (553 words)

	Directly from Nature - Information about Neem
		Early studies verified scientifically that the fungus that causes ringworm is effectively controlled with neem extracts.
		In a study on neem's effectiveness as an anti-viral agent, neem seemed to interact with the surface of cells to prevent infection by the virus thereby inhibiting multiplication of the virus.
		This combination of effects is more effective in the long run because chemicals toxic enough to eliminate all microbes often also harm healthy body tissue and cause undesirable side-effects.
	www.directlyfromnature.com /NeemInfo.htm (4550 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Management of tuberculosis
		An effective anti-TB regimen must contain multiple drugs to which the organism is susceptible and must be continued for a sufficient period of time.
		In general, treatment with at least three effective drugs should be continued until the culture becomes negative, and then a regimen of at least two drugs should be continued for 12 to 24 months (2,7,8).
		Directly observed therapy has shown improved survival and decline in the rate of new cases of active TB.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2000/08_00/lazarus.htm (2550 words)

	APHA - Journal and Newspaper - American Journal of Public Health - Editorials July 1998 - Nihilism and Pragmatism in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		But directly observed therapy undermines public health nihilism wherever it improves TB outcomes through what is, after all, a modest and focused public health intervention.
		Close scrutiny of settings in which directly observed therapy is held to be key to reversing unwelcome trends in TB control reveals it to have been merely one component of improved services.
		Growing inequalities in terms of risk and resources have led to lopsided investments in TB control: we see, for example, an inordinate focus on infection control in industrialized countries even as it is routinely argued that the treatment of drug-resistant TB is not "cost-effective" in resource-poor countries.
	www.apha.org /Journal/editorials/ed3july.htm (1412 words)

	Effective Federal Tax Rates, 1997 to 2000
		Effective rates for elderly childless households are listed in Tables B3-A through B3-C, and Tables B4-A through B4-C show rates for nonelderly childless households.
		Notes: Effective tax rates are calculated by dividing taxes by comprehensive household income.
		Social insurance, or payroll, taxes are distributed to households paying those taxes directly or paying them indirectly through their employers.
	www.cbo.gov /showdoc.cfm?index=4514&sequence=3&from=0 (888 words)

	On Effective Tax Rates and Firm Valuation » Tax Technology Research
		Effective tax rates are computed as the sum of current plus deferred tax expense, divided by pre-tax net income.
		The results show that reducing overall effective taxes (relative to that of the industry) is associated with increased common stock returns.
		The results show that reducing overall effective taxes (relative to that of the prior year) is associated with increased common stock returns.
	www.taxtechresearch.com /article-effective.html (2756 words)

	Effective Federal Tax Rates: 1979-2001
		The tables show effective tax rates for the four largest sources of federal revenues--individual income taxes, corporate income taxes, payroll taxes, and excise taxes--as well as the total effective rate for the four taxes combined.
		Excise taxes were assumed to be borne by households according to their consumption of taxed goods (tobacco and alcohol) or--in the case of excise taxes that affect intermediate goods--in proportion to overall consumption.
		Separate tables show effective tax rates and income for different types of household: those with members under age 18 (households with children), those headed by a person age 65 or older and with no member under age 18 (elderly childless households), and all others (nonelderly childless households).
	www.cbo.gov /showdoc.cfm?index=5324 (1279 words)

	Effective Teaching Strategies
		Effective teachers have always known that what they do as a teacher makes a difference in what their students do as learners.
		In Effective Teaching Principles and the Design of Quality Tools for Teachers, Ellis, Worthington, and Larkin of the University of Alabama, present ten principles that draw from both the teacher-centered behavioral approach and student-centered cognitive approach.
		Educators need to remain alert to the research that is continually providing effective, useful strategies to increase their repertoire of instructional skills.
	www.iu08.org /articles/effective_teaching.html (555 words)

	1999 Final Regulation: Group-Term Insurance; Uniform Premiums
		A special effective date was proposed solely for purposes of determining whether a policy is carried directly or indirectly by the employer.
		Several comments were received on the topic of the effective date for purposes of determining whether, for purposes of section 79, a policy is carried directly or indirectly by the employer.
		Two commentators suggested that the special effective date for a plan with a multi-year guarantee be extended until the end of the last plan year covered by the guarantee.
	www.benefitslink.com /taxregs/final79.html (2137 words)

	FDIC: FIL-46-2005: Guidance on Developing an Effective Pre-Employment Background Screening Process
		This process can be an effective risk-management tool by providing management with a degree of certainty that the information provided by the applicant is true and correct, and that the potential employee does not have a criminal record.
		Used effectively, the pre-employment background screening process may reduce turnover by verifying that the potential employee has the requisite skills, certification, license or degree for the position; deter theft and embezzlement; and prevent litigation over hiring practices.
		However, to be effective, bank management should establish in writing criteria for when pre-employment background screening should be used and for circumstances or positions that may warrant increased screening procedures based upon perceived risks.
	www.fdic.gov /news/news/financial/2005/fil4605a.html (1629 words)

	[No title]
		Effective date of the new regulation is July 1, 1996.
		Motions seeking to reopen a decision of an Immigration Judge or the Board which was rendered prior to the July 1, 1996, effective date of the regulation, must be filed on or before September 30, 1996.
		Motions seeking to reconsider a decision of an Immigration Judge or the Board which was rendered prior to the July 1, 1996, effective date of the regulation, must be filed on or before July 31, 1996.
	www.usdoj.gov /eoir/press/96/mapr.htm (662 words)

	Direct effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Directives are incapable of being horizontally directly effective due to the fact that they are only enforceable against the state.
		Decisions are directly effective against whomever they are addressed, as under Article 249 of the EC Treaty "they are binding in their entirety on the party to whom they are addressed".
		As directives specify the results to be achieved, but the method and actual implementation is left to the national governments (subject to a specified time limit), they are not capable of being directly effective as they are not intended to create rights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Direct_effect (920 words)

	Effective Communication & Interpersonal Skills
		Effective communication is the basis of an individual's success at the workplace, as well as within their private life.
		Effective communication is also vital in a work environment in order to eliminate tension.
		CVARS also has a comprehensive audio/visual library of prevention and intervention materials which are available to workplaces and families in a variety of areas, including material directly on effective communications and interpersonal skills.
	www.columbiavalleyars.com /effective_communication_&_interpersonal_skills.htm (304 words)

	Relationships: Effective Communication and Healthy Relationships
		Effective communication is essential in day-to-day life, and especially so in important relationships.
		Whenever one person seeks to always be right, always be the agenda-setter, and always be the virtuous one, he or she may feel like a winner - but it's the relationship that loses.
		Where there are many factors involved in healthy relationships, the ability to communicate effectively is one important route to mutual satisfaction within any relationship.
	www.selfhelpmagazine.com /articles/relation/effectcomm.html (954 words)

	Pain Medicine & Palliative Care
		Most of these antidepressant drugs have not been shown to be effective pain relievers in clinical studies, but some have, and many pain specialists believe that most, if not all, can potentially relieve pain.
		Topical drugs are applied directly to the skin, as a patch, gel, or cream and have their pharmacologic activity directly under the skin site without any significant amount of drug entering the blood stream.
		The most effective distraction techniques are those that are unique and changing, those that require input from most or all of the senses -- seeing, hearing, tasting, touching and smelling -- and those that are interesting to and appropriate for the person practicing them.
	www.stoppain.org /pain_medicine/general_treatments.html (1650 words)

	[No title]
		Appeals from final judgments of circuit courts shall be taken directly to the Supreme Court (1) in cases in which a statute of the United States or of this Sstate has been held invalid, and (2) in proceedings commenced under Rule 21(c) of this court.
		Effective immediately, that part of the order entered November 27, 2002, amending Supreme Court Rule 307, effective January 1, 2003, is vacated.
		Effective July 1, 1971; amended September 8, 1975, effective October 1, 1975; amended June 19, 1989, effective August 1, 1989.
	www.state.il.us /court/SupremeCourt/Rules/Art_III/ArtIII.htm (15076 words)

	STD Facts - HPV Vaccine
		This is because the vaccine is most effective in girls/women who have not yet acquired any of the four HPV types covered by the vaccine.
		Studies have found the vaccine to be almost 100% effective in preventing diseases caused by the four HPV types covered by the vaccine– including precancers of the cervix, vulva and vagina, and genital warts.
		The vaccine was less effective in young women who had already been exposed to one of the HPV types covered by the vaccine.
	www.cdc.gov /std/HPV/STDFact-HPV-vaccine.htm (2332 words)

	Notice of Action - BAC2210-40/2211-01 (Parts A and B)
		The effective date of the congressional amendments noted in the previous paragraph and the Act’s directive to distribute such amendments forthwith made it impracticable to publish the conforming amendments in the Federal Register to provide an opportunity for public comment before the congressional amendments became effective.
		The effective date for the amendment to §2A4.1 is May 30, 2003.
		Absent action of Congress to the contrary, submitted amendments become effective by operation of law on the date specified by the Commission (generally November 1 of the year in which the amendments are submitted to Congress).
	www.ussc.gov /FEDREG/fedr0503.htm (683 words)

	Directly Observed Therapy : Bureau of Tuberculosis Control : NYC DOHMH
		Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) is the standard of care for tuberculosis (TB) treatment.1 In directly observed therapy, a trained health care worker monitors the patient taking each dose of anti-tuberculosis medication.
		• Directly observed treatment of latent TB infection can be arranged by the NYC DOHMH for certain high-risk persons (e.g., children of DOT patients, or some HIV-infected persons).
		CODOTs are very effective in ensuring adherence, even for patients with life challenges such as addiction and homelessness.
	www.ci.nyc.ny.us /html/doh/html/tb/tb2a.shtml (651 words)

	[No title]
		On matters directly affecting Citizens, a majority vote of a Quorum of Citizens shall also be required for a proposed amendment to become effective.
		On matters directly affecting Titleholders, a majority vote of a Quorum of Titleholders shall also be required for a proposed amendment to become effective.
		On matters directly affecting the powers and duties of the Trustees (including, but not limited to, the liability and indemnification, qualifications, terms of office, removal or resignation, and compensation of Trustees pursuant to these Bylaws) a majority vote of a Quorum of Citizens shall also be required for the proposed amendment to become effective.
	www.his.com /~hkay/kentbylawart1.html (502 words)

	Directly Observed Therapy Effective in Difficult-to-Treat HIV-Positive IV Drug Users (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This treatment approach, termed directly observed therapy or DOT, is effective even in patients who continue their recreational drug use, researchers reported at the 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) meeting, held Dec. 13-16, in Chicago, Illinois.
		Methadone and antiretroviral drugs were dispensed daily and administered to patients as part of the directly observed therapy.
		Although both once-daily and twice-daily therapy were equally effective, there were apparent immunologic benefits for a once-daily regimen of NVP/ddI/3TC, he noted, making this regimen the strategy of choice in this population.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/2108aa.htm (493 words)

	TDR Publications, Reports and Papers on Tuberculosis: The need for new drugs against tuberculosis
		Moreover, widespread use of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine was not effective in reducing the incidence of infectious pulmonary cases in adults (3).
		Furthermore, all four of the most effective oral drugs -isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide - must be taken together during the first 2 mo of treatment.
		It is recommended that treatment be directly observed by a health-care provider, especially during the first 2 mo and whenever rifampin is being used.
	www.who.int /tdr/diseases/tb/tbdrugs-paper.htm (3925 words)

	[No title]
		In this special case, it is possible to obtain a full solution of all orbital and stellar parameters, with the exception of the effective temperature of one star, which is normally estimated from spectral type, reddening-corrected photometric colors, or derived from atmospheric analysis of the spectrum.
		Long-baseline interferometry at facilities such as the ESO VLTI is beginning to have the capability to measure directly the angular separation and the angular diameter of some selected eclipsing binary systems, and we have proposed such observations with the AMBER instrument.
		In particular, we aim at deriving directly the effective temperature of at least one of the components in each binary system by iterative convergence of the orbital solution and of the interferometric measurements, thereby avoiding any assumptions or required external calibration in the global solution through the Wilson-Devinney method.
	iau.conference-services.net /viewfile.asp?abstractID=99788&conferenceID=609 (430 words)

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