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Topic: Directorate of State Security

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	NKVD - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The NKVD, or Narodnyi Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del (Народный комиссариат внутренних дел)—People's Commisariat for Interior Affairs, was the name for the state security in the USSR (that included political and secret police) in one of the stages of its development.
		However, it did not obtain state security functions until it took over the OGPU in July 1934.
		State security functions were then handled by the NKVD's GUGB ("Glavnoe Upravlenie Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti" or Main Directorate of State Security).
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /NKVD (271 words)

	Main Directorate of State Security (USSR) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Main Directorate of State Security (Russian: Glavnoe Upravlenie Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti, Главное управление государственной безопасности) was the name of the Soviet secret police from July 1934 to April 1943.
		Its head had the title of General Commissar of State Security, and this post was held by Nikolai Yezhov (who was also head of NKVD).
		It evolved from the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU), and later became a Peoples Commissariat unto itself, the Peoples Commissariat of National Security (The NKGB).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GUGB (139 words)

	Egypt - Intelligence
		Internal security was the responsibility of three intelligence organizations: General Intelligence, attached to the presidency; Military Intelligence, attached to the Ministry of Defense; and the General Directorate for State Security Investigations (GDSSI), under direct control of the minister of interior.
		The security police detained as many as 20,000 political prisoners at a time and discouraged public discussions or meetings that could be construed as unfriendly to the government.
		The security police also seemed to be taken by surprise by the CSF riots and failed to prevent other disorders such as a series of assassination attempts by radical Islamists in the late 1980s.
	fas.org /irp/world/egypt (436 words)

	NKVD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Cheka was reorganized in 1922 as the GPU (State Political Directorate) of the NKVD of the Russian SFSR.
		In 1934, the OGPU was incorporated into the newly-created NKVD of the USSR, becoming the Main Directorate for State Security (GUGB); the NKVD of the Russian SFSR ceased to exist and was not resurrected until 1946 (as the MVD of the RSFSR).
		Although the NKVD perfomed the important function of state security, the name of the organization today is associated primarily with activities considered criminal: political repressions and assassinations, military crimes, violations of the rights of Soviet and foreign citizens, and violation of the law.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/N/NKVD.htm (1667 words)

	Reporters without Borders - Cuba - Annual Report 2004 - Reporters sans frontieres - Havana Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A state security agent visited Marilín Lahera, the editor of the La Voz de Oriente agency in the eastern city of Santiago de Cuba, and then José Antonio Reiner of the same agency on 24 January 2003 and asked them to accompany him to an interior ministry branch office.
		State security agents on 7 May searched the home of Rafael Ferro Salas, the Grupo de Trabajo Decoro agency's correspondent in Hermanos Cruz (in Pinar del Río province), confiscating his fax machine and computer and warning him that he would be in trouble if he did not stop his journalistic activities.
		A state security agent went to the home of Amarilis Cortina Rey of the Cuba Verdad agency on 16 July and threatened her with imprisonment if she did not disband the solidarity committee she was setting up for her colleagues in prison.
	havanajournal.com /politics_comments/A1668_0_5_0_C (8780 words)

	News archive \| November 1-3 \| President of the Republic of Belarus Decides on Some Personnel Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Svorov Nikolay Konstantinovich is appointed Deputy Chairman of the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus;
		Veger Viktor Pavlovich is appointed Chief of the Directorate of the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus for Grodno Region;
		Maslakov Valery Anatolyevich is appointed Chief of the Directorate of the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus for Mogilev Region;
	www.president.gov.by /eng/president/news/archive/november2002/1-3 (375 words)

	egypt.html
		State security forces have harassed, detained, and tortured Egyptian Christians whom they suspect are guilty of proselytizing to Muslims.41 Minister Mahjub denies that the state sponsors harassment of the Copts.
		Security police have convinced university professors to give Ayoub failing grades for the past two semesters, despite the fact that she scored the highest in the nation on a 1991 equivalency exam.
		The United States State Department Report explains that Dairut, the scene of a massacre of 13 Coptic families in May 1992, is reportedly still tense as Coptic residents fear for their safety outside their homes.
	religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu /rihand/Egypt.html (3108 words)

	Politics : Wealthy, influential Nigerians bankroll coup plots
		While state creation was designed initially to go into the heart of the country’’s ethnic minority problems, it appears that, much later, it became an instrument for pacifying or compensating political brokers or clients, through the creation of ethnic fiefdoms.
		In many cases, the state seemed to have had very good intentions in responding to the problems of inter-communal relations, but these were often diluted by the voices of men and women of influence, political entrepreneurs who deliberately misled government, regarding the composition of the various communities in the country.
		We are of the view that the State Government takes the necessary legal measures to ensure that the fears and anxieties of the non-Muslim communities are allayed and that adequate judicial arrangements be made to accommodate the cultural peculiarities of the State.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/politics/p106012005.html (15491 words)

	People's Commissariat for State Security (USSR) - Indopedia, the Indological knowledgebase
		The People's Commissariat for State Security (Народный комиссариат государственной безопасности) was the name of the Soviet secret police force from 1945 to 1946.
		It was formed when the NKVD divested itself of the GUGB (Main Directorate for State Security).
		It was headed by Vsevolod Nikolayevich Merkulov until it became the Ministry for State Security.
	www.indopedia.org /NKGB.html (188 words)

	NKVD.ORG: The Memorial Page --- НКВД.OРГ: САЙТ ВОСПОМИНАНИЯ
		With the end of the civil war and the resulting period of stabilization, the Cheka was transformed, on 8 February 1922, into the GPU (State Political Directorate) which was subordinated to the NKVD.
		- UKMK (Directorate of the Kommendant of the Moscow Kremlin)
		The KGB was subordinated to the USSR Council of Ministers, the Soviet Cabinet.
	www.nkvd.org /en/history.html (637 words)

	Center for State Homeland Security :: Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Center for State Homeland Security is a unique national resource dedicated to supporting state and local governments carry out their crucial role in homeland security while supporting the evolution of a national strategy across all levels of government and the private sector.
		The Center is structured as a nonprofit collaboration among homeland security practitioners to jointly address state homeland security issues where scientific, technical and analytical expertise is required.
		The Center will assist state and local governments implement their homeland security missions by supporting strategic planning and facilitating widespread and timely access to the best available information, facilities and tools.
	www.cshs-us.org (303 words)

	Middle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The latter died in raids by and shoot-outs with security forces, and at the scene of planned attacks.
		Security forces "entered the homes of suspects who belonged to Islamic militant groups in the late hours of the night and occasionally destroyed furniture and terrorized the inhabitants, assaulting and insulting them," EOHR reported.
		Security sources cited by MENA claimed that the mosque was being used to store weapons and explosives and to harbor gunmen believed to have killed one local policeman and wounded another three days earlier.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1994/WR94/Middle-02.htm (4289 words)

	Soviet Predecessor Organizations, 1917-54 - Russia / Soviet Intelligence Agencies
		In July 1934, the OGPU was transformed into the Main Directorate for State Security (Glavnoe upravlenie gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti--GUGB) and integrated into the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (Narodnyi komissariat vnutrennykh del--NKVD), which had been given all-union (see Glossary) status earlier that year.
		The functions of the security police and those of the internal affairs apparatus, which controlled the regular police and the militia, were thus united in one agency.
		In addition to controlling the security police and the regular police, it was in charge of border and internal troops, fire brigades, convoy troops, and, after 1934, the entire penal system, including regular prisons and forced labor camps, or the Gulag (see Glossary).
	www.fas.org /irp/world/russia/intro/su0510.htm (1124 words)

	Nicaragua - Secret Police and Intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The secret police and intelligence operations of the Ministry of Interior under the Sandinistas were the main instruments used to maintain FSLN control and suppress dissent.
		The secret police agency, the General Directorate of State Security (Dirección General de Seguridad del Estado--DGSE), carried out surveillance and operations against perceived opponents.
		Nevertheless, the EPS continues to maintain a security office under a Sandinista EPS officer, and Cerna was transferred to the post of inspector general of the EPS.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-9314.html (296 words)

	Christian Century: The predicament of Egypt's Christian minority - Cover Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		POLITICAL VIOLENCE is menacing Egypt, the most populous state in the Arab world with 59 million people, as security forces battle armed militants bent on overthrowing the government and creating an Islamic state.
		On May 9, two guards were shot in Qusiyah, a town north of Assyut: a sergeant at the Catholic church was killed, and a policeman at the Coptic church was shot and wounded a half-hour later.
		Overlooked in the news about violence in Egypt is the state's role in undermining religious tolerance and, in effect, setting the stage for Copts to become targets.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1058/is_n21_v110/ai_13202415 (1263 words)

	State Occupational Safety and Health Plans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		State Plan Emergency Preparedness/Homeland Security Initiatives and Guidance Materials: Many of the OSHA-approved state plans have implemented or assisted in the development of emergency preparedness and/or homeland security related initiatives and guidance materials.
		State Plan Safety and Health Standards: Examples of unique State standards and links to State standards where available on the Internet.
		Directorate of Cooperative and State Programs: This OSHA directorate includes the Office of State Programs, which coordinates the Agency's activities with the State Plans.
	www.osha.gov /fso/osp (292 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		We met Ingy there, she was wearing a veil, we noticed that she was not in a normal mood, she was laughing hysterically when we were crying (as we were so depressed).
		How the police station and the security directorate and the state security accept to protect such a case and going on in its procedures while all these procedures are illegal.
		A Christian employee in the security directorate in Beny swef (Upper Egypt).
	www.sout-al-haqe.com /human_rights_e.htm (1236 words)

	Kenya: Kenneth Matiba, a prisoner of conscience
		He was detained under Public Security Regulations which provide for indefinite administrative detention without charge or trial of anyone held to be endangering the security of the state.
		He was detained the next day under Public Security Regulations which provide for indefinite detention without charge or trial of anyone held to be endangering the security of the state.
		All six were detained under the Public Security Regulations, which provide for the administrative detention for an indefinite period without charge or trial of anyone suspected of being a danger to the security of the state.
	www.amnestyusa.org /countries/kenya/document.do?id=FC4194CE0F01A387802569A6006007FE (2790 words)

	TFR 51 -1
		The Embassy of the United States of America presents its compliments to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and has the honor to refer to the matter of the detention of United States military personnel in the Soviet Union.
		The United States Government also notes that, according to international law and international practice, the Soviet Government is obliged to first and foremost inform the United States Government of any American citizens whom it holds in custody or must permit such citizens to contact the appropriate United States authorities.
		An officer, believed by the United States Government to have been a member of this crew, was seen in October 1953, in a Soviet hospital in an area north of Magadan, near the Kolyma River crossing between Ehlgen and Debin, at a place called Narionburg.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/tfrussia/tfrhtml/tfr051-1.html (1020 words)

	Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs
		The Oceans and Fisheries Directorate, headed by David A. Balton, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Fisheries, has two offices dedicated to international oceans issues.
		The Environment Directorate, led by Deputy Assistant Secretary Claudia McMurray, deals with a wide breadth of environmental issues including environmental aspects of international trade and safeguarding hazardous materials requiring multilateral agreements within the Office of Environmental Policy.
		The Health, Space and Science Directorate includes the Office of International Health Affairs which works with U.S. Government agencies to facilitate policy-making regarding international bioterrorism, infectious disease, surveillance and response, enivronmental health, and health in post-conflict situations.
	www.state.gov /g/oes (562 words)

	Open Doors USA - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		State security police officials temporarily detained her father and other male relatives a few days after her disappearance, showing them an alleged declaration of conversion to Islam signed by the girl.
		That same day, the Giza State Security Directorate held a hearing on the girl’s case, producing Ingy dressed in an Islamic veil.
		Nagy stated that his youngest sister had been afflicted by “an unstable psychological status” since their mother’s death two years ago.
	www.opendoorsusa.org /ArchiveDisplay.asp?ID=AB8A7C6E-4248-4948-8CE1-5E67DC422404&Category=News (899 words)

	Politics : Private thoughts
		In the event of one-way ticket from our patriots, in the directorate of state security, the honor of using it is yours.
		And in the further nationalistic undertaking of your being dragged, at the Nnamdi Azikiwe Airport Abuja, like a dead Iraqi dog, as a show of primitive and callous Dark Age practice, the entitlements are all yours.
		In the case of the dragged "dog," make belief was planted in his non existant GMG, in line with the false hood, tactics manufactured in the spirit of the production weapons of mass deception and double standard.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/politics/p118112004.html (748 words)

	The Hindu : Other States / Bihar News : Eight minor girls rescued from circus
		State Labour Commissioner Vivek Singh distributed bank drafts of Rs 1,000 each and also `Mukti Praman Patras' (freedom certificates) to these girls in a simple and brief function organised by BBA and state social security directorate here.
		He said that Rs 20,000 each would be sent to respective authorities of the children's native states for their rehabilitation.
		BBA convener Ajay Kumar Singh said some of the children had been in the circus for many years and were used to be thrown around in the air and being kept under elephants to entertain spectators.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2004/08/18/stories/2004081806220300.htm (317 words)

	Albanian Information - Albanian.com
		The traditional role of women--namely, confinement to the home and farm--changed radically as they gained legal equality with men and became active participants in all areas of society.
		Economically, Albania benefited greatly from these alliances: with hundreds of millions of dollars in aid and credits, and with the assistance of a large number of technicians and specialists sent by its allies, Albania was able to build the foundations of a modern industry and to introduce mechanization into agriculture.
		Contrary to provisions in the constitution, during Hoxha's reign Albania was ruled, in effect, by the Directorate of State Security, known as the Sigurimi.
	www.albanian.com /information/history/socialis.html (580 words)

	Traveller - Library Data: C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		As Viceroy of the Darmine Totality, Chandra was one of the most powerful provincial leaders in the Rule of Man. Upon hearing of Madeline's stroke in -2046, he travelled to Hub/Ershur, and immediately began to covertly gather support within the Council of Noble Officers.
		The loyalist's Internal Security Force inflicted particularly severe losses to the rebel forces lead by the famous pirate leader, Boss Tarkel.
		Instead, his hypothesis as stated in his book indicates that the Psionics Suppressions (800 to 826 and beyond) were a massive manipulation of the population of the Imperium, a form of psychohistory, intended to eliminate the power of the Institutes.
	gateway.pocketempires.com /c.htm (5799 words)

	DHS \| Department of Homeland Security \| Content Display
		US-VISIT is part of a continuum of security measures that begins overseas and continues through a visitor’s arrival in and departure from the United States.
		The United States and the European Union (EU) have agreed on a framework in which the EU would permit the transfer of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data.
		Securing our nation's air, land, and sea borders is a difficult yet critical task.
	www.dhs.gov /dhspublic/display?theme=50 (160 words)

	The Institute of World Politics > News & Publication > Tropical Chekists: The Sandinista secret police legacy in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The FSLN directorate replaced him with Humberto Ortega, a hardened FSLN leader and brother of the junta chief, who had been the FSLN’s military strategist during their terrorist and guerrilla years.
		The “legislative” branch was essentially a rubberstamp analogue to a state supreme council, such as that of East Germany, which allowed token opposition during the years of totalitarian rule.
		The army and state security viewed the Nicaraguan Resistance and the anti-Sandinista political parties as the enemy, and portrayed themselves as the defenders of the Chamorro government, law and order, and democracy.
	www.studypoliticalwarfare.com /news/newsID.126/news_detail.asp (10298 words)

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