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Topic: Dirigisme

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	PlanetPapers - Significance of social and economic change in the USA between 1898-1921
		With Roosevelt came swift economical and business reforms, the Roosevelt coined 'Square Deal' is an example of the reforms he implemented, and the advent of the 'muckrakers', with their campaigns against malpractice in the corporate world and big business monopolistic power.
		Dirigisme refers to a policy of State direction and control in economic and social matters.
		With the war waging in the Republican ranks, Wilson won the election easily, assisted by a myriad of general pubic disappointment and vexation in the Republicans and the Progressives, ending both the run of victories for the Republican Party and the many continuous years of Republican dominance.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/3713.php (5066 words)

	Dirigisme capitalist military laissez-faire sabotage Soviet Bloc postal autoroute TGV economic growth demographic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Dirigisme (from the French) is an economic term designating an economy where the government exerts strong directive influence.
		The development of French dirigisme coincided with the development of meritocratic technocracy: the ''?ole Nationale d'Administration supplied the state with high-level administrators, while the leadership positions in industry were staffed with Corps of Mines state engineers and other personnel trained at the ?ole Polytechnique.
		In those times, the policy was viewed as a middle way between the American displayed policy of little state involvement and the Soviet policy of total state control, just like France was trying to be a middle way between the two major blocs.
	en.powerwissen.com /6TsIi369mGJsA5Y4pmx7Og==_Dirigisme.html (757 words)

	French Language Policy: Centrism, Orwellian dirigisme,
		Dirigisme is defined in my dictionary as the attempt to direct and control things from one central place, in particular to centrally direct and control a nation's economy.
		It is one thing to think of decisions being made at the center that affect French banking, or agriculture, or the railroad system but when the matter is a linguistic one, one must ask oneself whether any government can realistically expect to control the linguistic habits of its citizenry in any meaningful way.
		dirigisme, which controls the economy by controlling the money supply, the means of production, wages, prices, exchange rates, interest rates, imports, or any and other commodities, currencies, or things and substances of value, the supply of which is
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/540/handouts/french/dirig2.htm (4055 words)

	UNRISD: Publications \| The Need to Rethink Development Economics
		It is perhaps not surprising that the neoclassical counterrevolution and the ascendancy of monetarism in the advanced industrial countries during the late 1970s and early 1980s led to the rejection of development economics in the South.
		For some, the whole enterprise of development economics was a futile one, and the dirigisme associated with it was blamed for poor economic performance.
		The “pioneers” of development economics were forced into a defensive posture as they fended off accusations of providing the intellectual scaffolding for dirigisme, which had failed, as well as of downplaying the role of the market.
	www.unrisd.org /unrisd/website/document.nsf/(httpPublications)/CE9095BA4A739828C1256BC90047D402?OpenDocument (705 words)

	Monthly Review July-August 1999 Prabhat Patnaik
		In fact, all newly industrializing third world economies, no matter what shade of dirigisme they were pursuing, no matter whether they were delinked from or continued to be linked to imperialism, kept financial interests restrained for the sake of rapid industrialization.
		The fact that it has the same agenda for all countries, irrespective of the precise nature of the crisis afflicting them, illustrates that its agenda is not solving the crisis but promoting metropolitan capital, whose requirements are independent of the nature of the crisis.
		It was inevitable that, even without the changes in the global context associated with the rise of international finance, these particular kinds of dirigisme had to end, as the authoritarianism and the corruption associated with them increasingly became the object of popular anger.
	www.monthlyreview.org /799pat.htm (6109 words)

	[No title]
		Yet even in the case of an individual not predisposed to act morally, the local and personal character of the requisite knowledge makes it, at least a priori, highly unlikely that this knowledge can be acquired and correctly processed by an external authority seeking to override the individuals’ decisions.
		Moral dirigisme can take several forms depending on the degree to which it sanctions the use of coercion on the moral behavior of individuals.
		A fairly weak form of moral dirigisme has been more recently advanced by Robert P. George in Making Men Moral [1993] in which he recognizes the severe limitations based on the diversity of moral goods and the moral value of free choice, as well as the aforementioned prudential limitations.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/pboettke/summer/rizzo.doc (9350 words)

	Peak Oil News & Message Boards >> Forums >> Depletion Economics >> Dirigisme - way of the future? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Lol, watch out guys, you could have just as well waved the red flag in front of an enraged bull as mentioned government intervention were jaws can read you...
		The next 50 years are likely to be a great pruning of the human species by good old mother nature, so maybe at the end of that time people will understand that survival of the fittest is always working and collectivism is not very fit.
		Dirigisme did work in France at reducing oil use.
	www.peakoil.com /fortopic17545.html (4132 words)

	SSRN-Between Development and State: Recasting Korean Dirigisme by Hun Joo Park
		Developmental state proponents slight the fact that Korean dirigisme harmed equity, democracy, social cohesion, and thus the peoples ability to take the initiative, innovate or form viable civil society.
		By looking at the way in which the state meddled with the economy as a deliberately selected course, an analytic account can be taken of the dysfunction of developmental statism, which I also term diseased dirigisme.
		The inequity between the often-bitter deprivations suffered by small firm operators and other ordinary citizens and the sweet gains reaped by a few big business conglomerates, known as chaebol, remains symptomatic of Korea's dirigiste disease.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=499605 (378 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : The drag of a VAT on freefall
		Some economists have held that an active policy of fiscal dirigisme or guidance, such as providing incentives to private sector saving and investment, would be a desirable fiscal policy in a developing economy.
		Such a tax policy would amount to what is called fiscal dirigisme defined as a policy aimed at the achievement of planning objectives through the insertion of a variety of incentives and disincentives into the taxation system.
		In the era of fiscal dirigisme, neutrality of a tax is precisely the opposite virtue.
	www.thehindubusinessline.com /2005/01/29/stories/2005012900670900.htm (1026 words)

	Paris on the Hudson - November 28, 2005 - The New York Sun
		Rather, it is in both cities a function of dirigisme, government intervention and control in the name of social cohesion and welfare.
		The emphasis was on creating a technocratic elite based on merit and a high degree of government influence on the economy.
		In the early 1980s, the socialist prime minister, Francois Mitterand, first aimed to intensify dirigisme, but because of the problems that nationalization created he reversed course and liberalized the economy.
	www.nysun.com /article/23606 (659 words)

	Wordsmith.org: Wordsmith Talk: dirigisme and its adjective derivative dirigiste (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Re: dirigisme and its adjective derivative dirigis [Re: sdorr]
		Re: dirigisme and its adjective derivative dirigis [Re: tsuwm]
		Re: dirigisme and its adjective derivative dirigis [Re: consuelo]
	wordsmith.org /board/showflat.php?Cat=0&Number=163404&Main=153511 (160 words)

	SSRN-The Problem of Moral Dirigisme: A New Argument Against Moralistic Legislation by Mario Rizzo
		If its purpose is to ensure that people act morally or become better persons, we call this "moral dirigisme." Our thesis is that the need to use decentralized knowledge to determine the moral status of an act makes the task of the moral dirigiste well-nigh impossible.
		The Article then goes on, in Section IV to summarize the core of the theory and subsequently to present it in detail.
		We conclude that the State cannot make people moral because, even when all members of society accept the same moral framework, it does not and usually cannot have the specific knowledge needed to determine the concrete manifestations of morality.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=665144 (447 words)

	Times Higher
		It is as if a review of the nationalised industries in the early 1980s had recommended a Telecommunications Quality Assurance Agency as the solution to the lack of innovation and efficiency facing British Telecom, say, rather than recognising that it was precisely the political cosseting of the industry which was the problem.
		The dirigisme gets worse, as recommendation after recommendation piles up tasks for the Quality Assurance Agency, and creates a "unified Student Support Agency": these should create nice little empires for tidy-minded bureaucrats to rule over.
		From standardised "Progress Files" for all students, with a "unique student identification number", to, worst of all, "small, expert teams" to create benchmarks of standards, and standardised prescriptions for degrees, all carefully spelt out in terms of their "programme specifications".
	www.ncl.ac.uk /egwest/people/james.tooley/THES.html (4909 words)

	TCS Daily - Hit the Road, Jacques
		dirigisme will be efficient through the use of high tech.
		French society shows this new dirigisme for which free market, free trade and individual choice are no longer options to revitalize the society.
		French political leaders seem unwilling to understand the new world realities, hiding themselves in a sort of socialistic dream world.
	www.tcsdaily.com /article.aspx?id=081804B (1390 words)

	Riviste - Vincent Wright, La fine del dirigismo? La Francia negli anni Novanta
		This article addresses the highly topical question of whether we are currently witnessing the end of “dirigisme” in France - one of the major props of the traditional economic model.
		The question is all the more politically salient since it has become linked with wider issues of state restructuring, of the general convergence of French capitalism towards the dreaded “Anglo-Saxon” model, of the end of French exceptionalism, and even of the crisis of identity allegedly afflicting the French at present.
		It should be stated from the outset that “dirigisme” is a profoundly ambivalent concept - and in several senses.
	www.mulino.it /rivisteweb/scheda_articolo.php?id_articolo=416 (218 words)

	Strengthening development. The interplay of macro- and microeconomics
		Despite marked differences in certain features and consequences of the change, all of the countries, some earlier than others, underwent a fundamental transformation in the scope and content of their economic policies and strategies and in the bases of their productive systems.
		To sum up the changes by saying that the countries shifted from an inward- to an outward-looking strategy, or that they moved from a phase of "dirigisme" to one focused on market signals, would be to oversimplify the peculiar nature of a highly complex process of change that has not yet run its course.
		The reforms initiated in the 1980s --and even earlier in a few countries-- have taken a wide variety of forms that differ in the nature of the policies implemented and the results obtained; yet everywhere a turning-point can be identified.
	www.eclac.cl /cgi-bin/getProd.asp?xml=/publicaciones/xml/7/4727/P4727.xml&xsl=/tpl-i/p9f.xsl&base=\tpl-i\top-bottom.xslt (433 words)

	Poverty of "Development Economics", The Latin American Politics and Society - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The conclusion drawn by the Indian economist in chapter 6 sums up neatly the book's argument: "[the] demise of development economics is likely to be conducive to the health of both the economics and the economies of developing countries" (p.
		As such, it highlights the new consensus that has emerged among the policymakers so as to reverse past dirigisme in the developing world.
		In the second part, through his review of major events as well as ideas, Lal attributes to dirigisme recent crises in developing countries of Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4000/is_200207/ai_n9130613 (870 words)

	Opportunity for reform - Commentary - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Europe's choice today is between liberalism, which looks to a free market as the best allocator of resources in the global economy; and dirigisme, which places its trust in regulation and centralized state management.
		France (the birthplace of dirigisme) and heavily regulated Germany and Italy now stand out among European nations for low growth and high unemployment.
		The problem with dirigisme is not that it is too generous to ordinary citizens, but that its main beneficiaries are entrenched national interests, such as France's heavily subsidized farmers, Italy's protected banks and the German lawyers and doctors who fiercely resist the European Commission's proposal for a single European market in services.
	www.washtimes.com /commentary/20050704-113819-6631r.htm (899 words)

	TIME.com: Turning Away From -- Jun. 9, 1986 -- Page 1
		Dirigisme Under a new regime, France discovers the joys of freer markets
		Chirac means to free the economy from government-imposed restrictions under which it has labored for no less than three centuries.
		Known as dirigisme, France's system of economic controls originated in the 17th century with Jean Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV's Finance Minister.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,961586,00.html (775 words)

	French Language Policy: Centrism, Orwellian dirigisme, or Economic Determinism?
		To students of language policy, France has what can be considered to be the most centrist of centrist language policies in the world.
		This can be seen quite clearly in Figure 1: Map of French Expansion.
		The idea that language could be controlled in this same way, by central decision-making, has been around in France for a long time, dating to the promulgation of the Ordonnance de Viller-Cotterêts in 1539.
	www.hist.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/540/handouts/french/dirigism/DIRIGISM.html (351 words)

	Dirigisme and Jacobinisme
		Though the French do not use the term dirigisme for all examples of the central controlling of much of French material life, they do have a term for this tendency, namely, Jacobinisme.
		This term has its origin in one of the revolutionary factions that had various names (Friends of the Constitution,' or Friends of Liberty and Equality',) that met in a former Dominican convent in Paris, the Dominicans being known locally as Jacobins.
		The revolution in Turkey in the 1920's however seems to have emulated the French Revolution in linguistic matters, using a purified' Turkish as a symbol of nationalism, and banning the use of other languages such as Armenian, etc.
	www.hist.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/540/handouts/french/dirigism/node3.html (404 words)

	H-France Reviews
		The overall picture emerging from these essays, often with nuance and subtlety, is that the notion of French exceptionalism must be used carefully and parsimoniously.
		The chapter by Ben Clift, which addresses the evolution of dirigisme and its impact on employment policy, concludes that there still is an exceptional French social model (one wishes there were a thorough discussion of the thirty-five-hour workweek in this chapter).
		The volume’s final section is composed of chapters dealing with less politically salient and slightly more esoteric issues, where the topic of a French exceptionalism is also often raised.
	www.h-france.net /vol5reviews/meunier.html (1953 words)

	Paper for Festchrift for Dr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		But is this "social democratic" case for dirigisme any more valid than the old socialist one for planning, and will an acceleration of India's reforms require the simultaneous creation of a Western type welfare state to alleviate poverty?
		Even the slowly rolling retreat from this past dirigisme has led to higher growth rates and in consonance with all the international evidence, to some sustainable alleviation of Indian mass poverty.
		To alleviate poverty, an end embraced by classical liberals, they are on this route being led to endorse the creation of a vast Transfer State, which in the long run is incompatible with the preservation of a market economy.
	www.sabhlokcity.com /debate/Notes/note3.html (6270 words)

	About France
		Many complain that French society has been blocked since the days of minister Colbert (1619-1683), who introduced a system of "dirigisme": central economic and social planning.
		The Industrial Revolution - which despite this took place all the same - brought to power about two hundred manufacturers and their families, but these "nouveaux riches", although despised by the old nobility for being too "nouveaux", soon became respectable members of the establishment, hardly making French society more dynamic.
		That boom was guided by a series of central plans and a big public sector, thus state dirigisme does not seem to do the French economy much harm.
	home.tiscali.nl /sylvester/france.html (2083 words)

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