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Topic: Discontinuity

	SA Figure 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		A second-order discontinuity (b) is usually a large overlapping spreading center that offsets the ridge by at least 2 km.
		A second-order discontinuity (e) is a bend, or jog, in the rift valley.
		A third-order discontinuity (f) is a gap between chains of volcanoes, whereas a fourth-order discontinuity (f) is a small gap within a chain of volcanoes.
	www.geol.ucsb.edu /faculty/macdonald/ScientificAmerican/SA2.html (211 words)

	Mohorovicic discontinuity - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Mohorovicic discontinuity, usually referred to as the Moho, is the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle.
		The Mohorovicic discontinuity was first identified in 1909 by Andrija Mohorovicic when he observed the abrupt increase in the velocity of earthquake waves at this point.
		The location of the Mohorovicic discontinuity varies between about 5 km beneath the mid-oceanic ridges to approximately 75 km beneath continents.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Mohorovicic_discontinuity (100 words)

	Mohorovicic Discontinuity - The Moho - GEOLOGY.COM
		The Mohorovicic Discontinuity, or Moho, is the boundary between the crust and the mantle.
		In geology the word "discontinuity" is used for a surface at which seismic waves change velocity.
		This surface is known as the Mohorovicic Discontinuity and was discovered in 1909 by Andrija Mohorovicic, a Yugoslavian seismologist.
	geology.com /articles/mohorovicic-discontinuity.shtml (240 words)

	Radiosity and Discontinuity Meshing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Discontinuity meshing is a way of achieving high numerical and visual accuracy when performing radiosity computations and it was first proposed by Heckbert [1992] and Lischinski et al.
		In a polygonal environment, two different types of virtual discontinuity surfaces arise: (a) VE event (planar surface) which is formed by a vertex and an edge of the environment and (b) EEE event (quadric surface) which is formed by three edges of the environment.
		In general, the shadow discontinuities caused by the occluder on the floor are D
	www.softlab.ntua.gr /~jpanta/Graphics/HierarchicalRadiosity/dmeshing.html (618 words)

	The Hindu : Cloning gods, reading bar codes: Discontinuity in India today
		India today is a series of paradoxes — a discontinuous system, yet complex; a country on the edge of being dysfunctional, but one that functions nevertheless; an entity on the verge of being incomprehensible but which still defines and refinesits identity every day.
		Today's India (Asia, the world) is a discontinuous system, as complex as the latest Microsoft operational software, on the verge of the dysfunctional with any given combination of commands and processes, but functioning nevertheless.
		Discontinuity is a central issue in public discourse, in political combat, instrumentalised by people with a 19th Century mindset, who believe that the continuous is still an option for us to choose.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/mag/2002/08/04/stories/2002080400400100.htm (1564 words)

	Discontinuity stiffness determination from normal incidence in-situ seismic transmission measurements.
		Secondly, based on the seismic field data the discontinuity stiffness was calculated with the aid of a model developed by Pyrak-Nolte for laboratory experiments.
		The stiffness of the discontinuity linear increases with increasing frequency, hence with increasing pressure.
		This may indicate that it is possible to relate the stiffness of a discontinuity in-situ determined with seismic field waves to the stiffness defined in the low-stress region of a shearbox test.
	www.itc.nl /personal/hack/research/seismic/ctgluijk.html (344 words)

	Encyclopedia: Mohorovicic discontinuity
		The Mohorovičić discontinuity, usually referred to as the Moho, is the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle.
		The Mohorovičić discontinuity was first identified in 1909 by Andrija Mohorovičić when he observed the abrupt increase in the velocity of earthquake waves at this point.
		Gutenberg Discontinuity The Gutenberg Discontinuity is the boundary which separates the Earths core and mantle.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mohorovicic-discontinuity (279 words)

	Untitled Document
		Intensification of the Harang discontinuity is caused by the nonuniform Hall and Pedersen conductances in the ionosphere.
		The Harang discontinuity is the zonal distortion of enhanced convection in the midnight sector originated in the ionosphere.
		Intensification of the Harang discontinuity in the ionosphere depends on the nonuniformity of and the ratio of Hall to Pedersen conductances.
	www.faculty.uaf.edu /ffjrk/dipolarization.html (2284 words)

	Harang discontinuity [Oulu] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Harang discontinuity (HD) is a region of sharp reversal of the evening sector (around 2200-2400 MLT) ionospheric convection electric field from the poleward field on the equatorward side of the auroral oval to an equatorward field on the poleward side of the oval.
		Strangely enough, the location of the discontinuity is little different depending on the way it is measured: the direct "electric" discontinuity is 1-2° poleward of the "magnetic" (electrojets as observed from ground) one (Kamide and Vickrey, 1983; Kunkel et al., 1986).
		The role of the Harang discontinuity in substorms is not yet properly established (Koskinen and Pulkkinen, 1995).
	www.oulu.fi /~spaceweb/textbook/harang.html (418 words)

	Richtmyer-Meshkov Instabilities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		It is similar to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, except that the discontinuity is accelerated impulsively by a shock, rather than gradually by a gravitational force.
		The discontinuity was deformed with a sinusoidal perturbation at the beginning of the calculation in order to break symmetry.
		The fluid on the right of the discontinuity had an initial density of 1.7, and the fluid on the left was initially at a density of 0.12.
	beowulf.gsfc.nasa.gov /ESS/annual.reports/ess96contents/app.inhouse.fryxell.cap.html (347 words)

	Abstract for SSA, 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The discontinuity is global, in the sense that it is found in every region of the world for which it has been searched.
		There is a slight hint of a correlation between the height of the discontinuity, disfavoring the discontinuity as the top of a chemical boundary layer that is swept beneath hot regions of upwelling, though the correlation is not significant.
		It may be required that all of the different observations of the CMB region, involving discontinuities, ULVZs, anisotropy, lateral heterogeneities, scattering, and differing Vs/Vp ratios, must be examined and interpreted in concert before the geodynamics of this region is understood.
	epsc.wustl.edu /seismology/michael/abstract7.html (413 words)

	The Ibogaine Dossier. THE USE OF PSYCHEDELICS IN DUTCH PSYCHIATRY 1950-1970: the problem of continuity and discontinuity
		The limitations put on this research in 1966 is evidence of the existence of elements of discontinuity, elements which at that time could not be incorporated in Dutch society or its scientific community.
		By posing the problem of continuity and discontinuity, I hope to contribute to a history of the (non-)acceptance of psychedelics in society which escapes from a purely positive or a purely negative point of view.
		The history of psychiatry or the sciences in general is the last decades transcending fl-or-white views, in which every development is seen in the context of the rise of a theory or school which is seen as the holder of truth.
	www.ibogaine.desk.nl /nlpsy.html (5572 words)

	Citations: Discontinuity meshing for accurate radiosity - Lischinski, Tampieri, Greenberg (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		For each source, a discontinuity mesh is created on the scenes surfaces (receivers) The mesh includes all lines where the illumination function has discontinuities, including the effects of boundaries of multiple occluders.
		The cell boundaries of a discontinuity mesh are chosen so that they follow geometrically the discontinuities of different order of the radiosity function, while locations of the cell boundaries of a quadtree are fixed.
		Discontinuity Meshing: Discontinuity meshing is the idea of explicitly representing function discontinuities in a mesh used to construct an approximation to the function.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/102122/0 (2217 words)

	Lehmann discontinuity
		The detection of this discontinuity was confirmed later by surface wave studies (Goncz and Cleary, 1976), underside reflections of depth phases from the discontinuity (Vidale and Benz, 1992), ScS reverberations (Revenaugh and Jordan, 1991b) and P
		The L is unlikely to be the sharp lower boundary of the asthenospheric LVZ, because the L is often detected in areas where the LVZ is weak or absent.
		A probable explanation for the L is a discontinuity resulting from lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of highly anisotropic olivine crystals in a deformation zone responsible for the mechanical decoupling of the lithosphere from the underlying mantle.
	www.es.ucsc.edu /~srost/diss_01/node9.html (643 words)

	The Discontinuity Meshing Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Discontinuity meshing and the related backprojection structure is based on research performed in Computer Vision, to determine "equivalent views" of objects.
		The first two approaches to treat discontinuity (or critical) surfaces were developed by Dani Lischinski, Filippo Tampieri and Don Greenberg on the one hand, and Paul Heckbert on the other.
		Both approaches were partial, in the sense that they did not treat edge-edge-edge discontinuity surfaces, and thus the discontinuity mesh did not subdivide the input polygons into faces (or cells) within which the backprojection is the same.
	w3imagis.imag.fr /Membres/George.Drettakis/DM.html (407 words)

	520-km discontinuity
		A less prominent feature within the mantle transition zone is a seismic discontinuity around a depth of 520 km (the 520).
		The controversial discussion on the existence of this discontinuity even in long-period data is corroborated by Bock (1994) as an artefact of the processing.
		Due to the sparse seismological evidence, the small impedance contrast of the mineralogical phase transition and the large depth interval where the phase transition occurs, the existence of the 520 in seismological data is still controversial.
	www.uni-geophys.gwdg.de /~srost/diss_01/node12.html (382 words)

	Hales discontinuity
		The impedance increase at depths of 60 km - 90 km is called the Hales discontinuity (the H).
		More recently, the H was detected by ScS reverberation studies in continental regions (Australia) and island arc regions (Revenaugh and Jordan, 1991b), by array studies (Simpson et al., 1974), and also by surface wave studies in oceanic regions (Woods et al., 1991).
		On the other hand the olivine-orientation model calls for a large variation of the reflection coefficient with azimuth which cannot be found in the data.
	srost.asu.edu /diss_01/node7.html (375 words)

	Gutenberg discontinuity
		The similar depth of the discontinuity in different tectonic regions found by some studies (Thybo and Perchuc, 1997) is interpreted as an indication for petrological changes.
		They found, in agreement with previous studies, indicated by the constant depth of the discontinuity beneath different tectonic settings, that the G is not a thermally controlled transition, but a compositional boundary.
		The compositional boundary is transported with the plate and the discontinuity is preserved as the plate ages.
	www.es.ucsc.edu /~srost/diss_01/node8.html (754 words)

	Detailed structure and sharpness of upper mantle discontinuities in the Tonga subduction zone from regional broadband ...
		To enhance the low-amplitude discontinuity phases s410p, P660p and S660p, deconvolved seismograms from each event/array pair are aligned on the maximum amplitude of the direct P wave and subsequently slant stacked.
		The 660-km discontinuity is at most 2 km thick in many parts of the region, and a first-order discontinuity cannot be precluded.
		The 410-km discontinuity thickness shows somewhat more variability and ranges from 2 to 10 km outside the slab and is at most 10 km thick within the slab.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2005/2004JB003433.shtml (492 words)

	Regression-Discontinuity Analysis
		Such naturally discontinuous groups must be used with caution because of the greater likelihood that if they differed naturally at the cutoff prior to the program such a difference could reflect a selection bias which could introduce natural pre-post discontinuities at that point.
		The discontinuity could be a change in level vertically (main effect), a change in slope (interaction effect), or both.
		However, if no discontinuity is visually apparent, it may be that variability in the data is masking an effect and one must attend carefully to the analytic results.
	www.socialresearchmethods.net /kb/statrd.htm (2879 words)

	Pieter Bekaert - Professional Information - Discontinuity Meshing in Radiosity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Discontinuity meshing is a technique that solves this problem, by explicitly subdividing along calculated discontinuity edges.
		In this thesis, discontinuity meshing will be integrated in the hierarchical radiosity method.
		The red lines represent the leaf elements, the blue lines are the discontinuity edges used (at this very moment, only VE events), the green edges is the triangulation for these edges (these are the immediate sub elements).
	www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be /~pieter/bekaert/pieter/professional/mt (584 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		This identification means 10 identifies a background velocity as a velocity which crosses the velocity discontinuity and projects to a foreground velocity in the previous picture, whereas a foreground velocity projects to itself.
		Furthermore, means 13 for determining the velocity on one side of the discontinuity and means 14 for determining the velocity on the other side of the discontinuity are provided.
		Method for detecting the foreground or background vector near a discontinuity in a vector field, characterised in that it is determined whether covering or uncovering situation exists, that the discontinuity is projected to the previous vector field in the covering situation and to the future vector field in the uncovering situation, near discontinuities it is
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/89225.011122&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2286 words)

	ASCO - Abstracts - Factors associated with discontinuity in health insurance among cancer patients (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Discontinuity in health insurance, defined as having transitions in insurance status or changes in coverage, creates barriers to adequate care.
		Changes in employment or marital status were found to be related to discontinuity of insurance in general population.
		Discontinuity in insurance may be particularly detrimental for persons with chronic illness such as cancer.
	www.asco.org /ac/1,1003,_12-002490-00_18-002003-00_19-00102780-00_20-001-00_29-00A,00.asp (744 words)

	Discontinuity Meshing for Complex Environments
		The introduction of discontinuity meshing into existing radiosity techniques has enabled images to be produced at levels of previously unobtainable quality.
		We analyse aspects of the discontinuity meshing process with a view to reducing both its computational complexity, and the complexity of the resulting surface meshes.
		With traditional discontinuity meshing systems, each light source is treated independently and thus the complexity of the meshes will typically rise linearly with the number of light sources.
	www.cs.bris.ac.uk /Publications/pub_info.jsp?id=1000285 (337 words)

	GODAS Data Discontinuity and Impact on CFS Forecast Bias
		discontinuity of the tropical SST anomaly forecast bias, which was systematically warmer before 1990 and cooler afterwards.
		The discontinuity of the GODAS SST bias around 1990 is evident as shown in the right panel.
		The third panel from the top shows that in the tropics (10S-10N) there was a big increase of observational data from the Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) and the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array of Moored Buoys (TAO) around 1990, which may suppress the model warm bias and cause the SST discontinuity shown in Figures 1 and 2.
	www.nws.noaa.gov /ost/climate/STIP/CFS_news_070805.htm (262 words)

	Adding discontinuities
		Discontinuities are therefore totally excluded from any results, since the idea of discontinuity itself is the total opposite of what the smoothness of a surface can be.
		Adding a position discontinuity is fully equivalent with cutting the surface with a pair of cisors.
		Adding a normal discontinuity is fullly equivalent with folding the surface or creating a ridge along this curve.
	grail.cs.washington.edu /projects/svm/discontinuities_book.htm (713 words)

	The Regression-Discontinuity Design
		But the discontinuity alone is not sufficient to tell us whether the effect is positive or negative.
		The first is the assumption that there is no spurious discontinuity in the pre-post relationship which happens to coincide with the cutoff point.
		More to the point, in order for selection-maturation to be a threat to internal validity in RD designs, it must induce a discontinuity in the pre-post relationship which happens to coincide with the cutoff point -- an unlikely scenario in most studies.
	www.socialresearchmethods.net /kb/quasird.htm (3819 words)

	bible.org: Two Views on the "Sign Gifts": Continuity Vs. Discontinuity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		But that there is any discontinuity at all is most significant: it indicates the Spirit of God is not working in exactly the same way today as he was in the first century.
		Hence, there is a measure of discontinuity between the first century and the twentieth.
		In several major ways, there is discontinuity between the first century and the twentieth century as far as the sign gifts are concerned.
	www.bible.org /page.asp?page_id=1550 (2662 words)

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