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Topic: Discriminated union

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	RFC 1014 (rfc1014) - XDR: External Data Representation standard
		The component types are called "arms" of the union, and are preceded by the value of the discriminant which implies their encoding.
		The discriminated union is encoded as its discriminant followed by the encoding of the implied arm.
		In general, a typedef of the following form: typedef <union, or enum definition>> identifier; may be converted to the alternative form by removing the "typedef" part and placing the identifier after the "struct", "union", or "enum" keyword, instead of at the end.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc1014.html (3935 words)

	Tagged union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computer science, a tagged union, also called a variant, variant record, discriminated union, or disjoint union, is a data structure used to hold a value that could take on several different, but fixed types.
		Tagged unions are most important in functional languages such as ML and Haskell, where they are called datatypes and the compiler is able to verify that all cases of a tagged union are always handled, avoiding many types of errors.
		Tagged unions are often accompanied by the concept of a constructor, which is similar but not the same as a constructor for a class.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tagged_union (1182 words)

	Disjoint union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In set theory, a disjoint union (or discriminated union) is a union of a collection of sets whose members are pairwise disjoint.
		This notation is meant to be suggestive of the fact that the cardinality of the disjoint union is the sum of the cardinalities of the terms in the family.
		In the language of category theory, the disjoint union is the coproduct in the category of sets.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Disjoint_union (348 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Generic<Programming>:Discriminated Unions (I) \| April 1, 2002
		Discriminated union is a concept with many aliases: disjoint union, variant type, or algebraic type.
		A discriminated union is a data type that's able to store one value of a bounded collection at a time and to offer typesafe set and access primitives for that value.
		The obvious way of implementing discriminated unions in C and C++ is to use a "tagged union": you store a classic union comprising the types of interest together with an integer that tells what field is currently valid.
	www.ddj.com /dept/cpp/184403821 (2932 words)

	3.15 Discriminated Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A discriminated union is a type composed of a discriminant followed by a type selected from a set of prearranged types according to the value of the discriminant.
		The component types are called "arms" of the union, and are preceded by the value of the discriminant which implies their encoding.
		The discriminated union is encoded as its discriminant followed by the encoding of the implied arm.
	www.cs.jcu.edu.au /CIE/RFC/1832/18.htm (135 words)

	RPC.guide/Discriminated_Unions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A discriminated union is a C union and an `enum_t' value that selects an "arm" of the union.
		If the union's discriminant is equal to the associated value, then the proc is called to translate the union.
		Suppose the type of a union may be integer, character pointer (a string), or a `gnumbers' structure.
	www.acc.umu.se /~balp/rpcunix/discriminated_unions.HTML (301 words)

	University of Alaska v. Alaska Community Colleges' Federation of Teachers, Local 2404 (2/21/2003) sp-5667
		The grievance alleged that the university had discriminated against the women by paying them salaries lower than those for comparable male faculty members and that the university had violated the non-discrimination clause of the CBA by failing to include union members in the study to identify and compensate underpaid employees.
		These allegations included claims that the union members were entitled to the same salary increase as non-represented employees and that the university failed to request funds from the legislature for salary increases for union members.
		Lehleitner decided that the union failed to establish an actionable claim of gender discrimination, but that the university did violate the terms of the CBA by excluding the union from the Lampman study and the distributions arising from the study.
	www.touchngo.com /sp/html/sp-5667.htm (2239 words)

	MA Workers Compensation Attorney, Boston Personal Injury Lawyers, Union Work Injury Concerns, OSHA
		Through their state organizations, unions fight to protect and improve workers’ compensation laws, which provide income and medical benefits for anyone who becomes injured or sick because of his or her job.
		File a complaint if punished or discriminated against for acting as a "whistleblower" under the OSH Act or 13 other federal statutes for which OSHA has jurisdiction, or for refusing to work when faced with imminent danger of death or serious injury and there is insufficient time for OSHA to inspect.
		Union representatives may also have the legal right to request information from employers that might assist in your workers compensation claim including: safety records, data about toxic substances, prior workplace injuries, et al.
	www.kantrovitzlaw.com /workers_compensation_union_worker.html (911 words)

	Union election dispute returns to federal court - The Honolulu Advertiser - Hawaii's Newspaper
		Would-be local Teamsters union presidential candidate Anson "Slim" Ilae will be back in federal court this morning, once again hoping for a court order that would require the union to put his name on ballots that will be mailed out tomorrow.
		Mollway concluded that deciding who is or is not a qualified candidate in a union election is a matter for the U.S. Department of Labor, not the court.
		This time, he lists the names of eight Teamsters union members who he claims will be deprived of their right to vote for Ilae or who would have nominated someone else to run for president had they been given sufficient notice that there was a problem with Ilae's candidacy.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /article/2003/Sep/25/ln/ln33a.html (334 words)

	Labor lawyers: Employment lawyers - employment termination by GotTrouble.com
		In labor law, a "grievance" is a written claim that the labor union files for you against the employer.
		The union may decide not to file a grievance for you if it has investigated your case and thinks that you probably won't win.
		Ask your union for a copy of the union's constitution and bylaws to see if there is an appeals procedure within the union.
	www.gottrouble.com /legal/employment/grievance.html (513 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The discriminator is permitted to take any value allowed by its type - nothing in the CORBA spec constrains the discriminator's value to be those of the branch labels present in the union or just one catch-all default.
		For this reason, CORBA 2.2, section 3.8.2 defines a Discriminated Union's value as follows: "It is not required that all possible values of the union discriminator be listed in the
		So, if I were to create a foo and set the discriminator to 74, someone receiving this instance from me should be able to discern that the discriminator's value was set to 74.
	www.omg.org /issues/issue1385.txt (280 words)

	math lessons - Disjoint union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In set theory, a disjoint union or discriminated union is a set union in which each element of the resulting union is disjoint from each of the others; the intersection over a disjoint union is the empty set.
		The term is also used to refer to a modified union operation which indexes the elements according to which set they originated in, ensuring that the result is a disjoint union.
		In computer science, this concept is important to construction of many data structures and is implemented directly by tagged unions and algebraic data types.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Disjoint_union (223 words)

	[nmrg] SMI types update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The data type for a union without a discriminator is not included, nor a sequence or an array (sequence of).
		The data type for a union without a discriminator is not included, nor a sequence (struct) or sequence of (array).
		This leads to some interesting constructs when you need to store a discriminated union in DISMAN like MIBs and the proposed solution discussed in section 5 requires that the discriminator is limited to (1..2147483647), which I did not find natural when I first read the document.
	www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de /pipermail/nmrg/2001-August/000403.html (636 words)

	60 :0641(127)ar - AFGE, Local 3432 and Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Northeast Region - 2005 FLRAdec ar
		Subsequently, the Union President requested official time to represent an employee who was not located in her organizational group and the Agency, relying on the MOA, refused the request.
		According to the Union, the manner in which the Arbitrator enforced the MOA deprives unit members of representation in certain circumstances and makes the Union "open" and an "unwilling accomplice" to a charge that it violated its duty of fair representation.
		without discrimination and without regard to labor organization membership." The Authority assesses claims that a union has discriminated on the basis of union membership by determining whether the union's disputed activities were undertaken in the role of exclusive representative and whether the union discriminated on the basis of union membership.
	www.flra.gov /decisions/v60/60-127.html (1886 words)

	XDR discriminated unions and WSDL from Anderson, Todd A on 2002-05-14 (www-ws@w3.org from May 2002)
		thanks, Todd ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------- 3.15 Discriminated Union A discriminated union is a type composed of a discriminant followed by a type selected from a set of prearranged types according to the value of the discriminant.
		Discriminated unions are declared as follows: union switch (discriminant-declaration) { case discriminant-value-A: arm-declaration-A; case discriminant-value-B: arm-declaration-B;...
		If it is not specified, then a valid encoding of the union cannot take on unspecified discriminant values.
	lists.w3.org /Archives/Public/www-ws/2002May/0005.html (269 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		We can still get the idea of a discriminated union a la Pascal or Ada, but since there's no enforcement or even any real syntax to show your intent, there's a (very) unsafe element to doing this.
		On the other hand, the separation allows unions to be created on their own, without the need for an overall structure.
		This is more flexible than the other approaches in that it allows us to use a union for different purposes than a discriminated union in Pascal or Ada.
	www.cs.umanitoba.ca /~cs310/assignments/soln2002/q2q3.txt (388 words)

	03_14.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The workers asked the union to help them regain their jobs, and the union concluded that the conduct at issue did not warrant their discharge, the court said.
		Union Corruption Update is made possible by the generous contributions from readers like you.
		Union Corruption Update is part of NLPC's Organized Labor Accountability Project which is investigating and exposing corruption and extremism in the Teamsters, LIUNA, AFL-CIO and many other union organizations.
	www.nlpc.org /olap/UCU2/03_14_13.htm (448 words)

	C. The Duty of Fair Representation: the Structures of Inclusion and Exclusion: Toward a Second Understanding of ...
		To certify a union that discriminates against minorities is, thus, to imprison those minorities within an institutional arrangement in which the union draws its power and authority from the state.
		Because women and racial minorities were excluded by the Union's decision to restrict its proposed unit to job classifications in the maintenance department, the Union's bargaining position would necessarily focus exclusively on furthering the interests of the predominantly white male segment of the workforce at the expense of women and minorities.
		Minorities are told to seek recourse against discrimination not in the union or its duty of fair representation, but rather in the employer's willingness to bargain in their behalf against the union, the same employer which the Board claims is responsible for the race and gender segmentation of the workplace.
	personal.law.miami.edu /~iglesias/struct4.html (4566 words)

	58:184(48) CO - AFGE, Local 3353, AFL-CIO and Opal Lang - 2002 FLRAdigest CO
		The Judge concluded that the Union had not committed the violations as alleged, and dismissed the complaint.
		In this case, the Authority concluded that the GC established a prima facie case that the Union discriminated on the basis of Union membership.
		Regarding the remedy, the Authority noted that it has previously issued remedies holding a union liable for losses suffered by employees due to the union's failure to comply with its duty of fair representation.
	www.flra.gov /summaries/v58/58-048s.html (284 words)

	UNI : Australia: Survey Shows Majority Support for Unions
		A new survey of community attitudes to trade unions shows wide public support for unions - with the majority of Australians saying they would be in a trade union if they could.
		Labor Council secretary John Robertson said the survey lays down the gauntlet to the Howard Government as it prepares to attack the trade union movement to gain political mileage.
		In the worst cases, workers who join trade unions have their hours cut and career prospects diminished.
	www.union-network.org /uniindep.nsf/51520e5cabae0089c12569b4004fe4c2/c963eadf909929bac1256a96002493c9?OpenDocument (404 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Discriminated Unions (II) \| June 1, 2002
		After putting together a wish list for implementing discriminated unions, we discussed what would be the best storage model.
		where neededSize is the maximum size of the types in the union, and Align is a POD [3] type that ensures proper alignment.
		The resulting Align is a C union containing each of the types in the collection computed in step 2.
	www.ddj.com /cpp/184403828 (2912 words)

	Re: comments on draft-ietf-sming-reqs-02.txt: Discriminated Unions vs. R (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A > > discriminated union is a more precise form of a union and hence > > support for unions will fall out when doing discriminated unions.
		There is certainly the > > issue whether unions without a discriminator are desirable, > > although arbitrary unions are classified as nice to have here.
		It was suggested that a "real" union > (in C for example) can change the type as well as the semantic > interpretation of an attribute (perhaps even a group of attributes).
	psg.com /lists/sming/sming.2001/msg00242.html (338 words)

	[No title]
		However, other courts hold that a union will not be held liable for mere passivity or for failure to act to remedy discrimination by the employer where no grievance has been filed by the employee.
		The unions were voluntarily dismissed after the close of class certification discovery, because the parties were able to agree that the allegations of discrimination by class representatives, including failure to hire, failure to train, failure to promote, and hostile environment at the plants, were not areas for which the unions had responsibility.
		The plaintiffs alleged that they were subject to discrimination based on their race in violation of Title VII and sought to certify a class of 150 to 200 members.
	www.bna.com /bnabooks/ababna/eeo/2003/picard.doc (3873 words)

	Michell v.NSP & Union, 11 1700 5893 2
		Baird is the primary representative for the Stores Section bargaining unit members. T. Union stewards are bargaining unit members and NSP employees who try to provide first line help to other members faced with work issues. The stewards are volunteers and are not paid by the Union. T. 2407, 3729, 3730; Jt.
		Mitchell be counseled by the Union regarding his tendency to cruise around Chestnut Service Center without being available to perform work in the Hazardous Waste Warehouse; his poor attendance and failure to stay awake at safety meetings (specifically, his sleeping at the heart attack session and at a safety talk given by Mr.
		Mitchell is the only Union member that Local 160 has represented in a federal court lawsuit. T. 149. On February 16, 1993, Judge Rosenbaum issued an Order in the federal court action filed by NSP in which he denied NSP's motion for summary judgment and granted Local 160's motion. Ex.
	www.state.mn.us /ebranch/oah/aljBase/17005893.rt.htm (8694 words)

	RE: comments on draft-ietf-sming-reqs-02.txt: Discriminated Unions vs. R (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A > discriminated union is a more precise form of a union and hence > support for unions will fall out when doing discriminated unions.
		It was suggested that a "real" union (in C for example) can change the type as well as the semantic interpretation of an attribute (perhaps even a group of attributes).
		One for discriminated unions (based on a semantic selector for a statically typed attribute or group of attributes) vs. real union which may also include a base-type selector.
	psg.com /lists/sming/sming.2001/msg00235.html (310 words)

	The Mercury Language Reference Manual - Types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Unlike discriminated union type definitions, equivalence type definitions must not be cyclic; that is, the type on the left hand side of the
		Abstract types may be defined as either discriminated union types or as equivalence types.
		Fields of constructors of discriminated union types may be labelled (see section Discriminated unions).
	www.mercury.cs.mu.oz.au /information/doc-latest/reference_manual_3.html (2431 words)

	BCTD: Organizing: News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In a September 2001 ruling, the board held 3-1 that Contractors' Labor Pool's policy had a discriminatory effect on union members and was inherently destructive of workers' right to choose whether or not to join a union.
		Silberman agreed with the board that the argument of Contractors' Labor Pool that the two union organizers were not employees under the NLRA is "foreclosed" by the Supreme Court's decision in Town and Country.
		The board has recognized that union organizers "might engage in conduct that raises a disabling conflict with their employer and is therefore unprotected," Silberman said.
	www.buildingtrades.org /organizing/news/nlrb.html (1259 words)

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