
	Where results make sense

Topic: Disinfection

	Infection Control Today - 01/2001: Disinfection of Bloodborne Pathogens
		For the disinfection of bloodborne pathogens knowledge of the basic principles of disinfection is needed to prevent the risk of disease transmission via inanimate objects.
		Disinfection is the process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms with the exception of bacterial spores from inanimate objects.
		The disinfectant in sufficient concentrations at the correct temperature must remain in contact with the surfaces for a specific period of time to allow penetration of all the microbial cell walls and deactivation.
	www.infectioncontroltoday.com /articles/111clean.html (1393 words)

	Extortion Worms: Internet Worms that Discourage Disinfection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Disinfection might be accomplished by turning off the infected machine and reformatting the disks.
		The white hats are unlikely to allow their disinfected host to simply run a piece of arbitrary code that is given to it.
		One could try to organize a grand project to disinfect most of the Internet at the same time, and then hope that the remaining pool of infected machines would then be too small to carry out enough DDOS attacks to coerce people into allowing themselves to be reinfected.
	www.fungible.com /nodisinfect.html (2225 words)

	Solar Disinfection Studies: Drinking Water
		Since viruses are generally recognized to be more resistant than bacteria to the influence of disinfectants, it would be reasonable to assume that their inactivation by sunlight under our experimental conditions would require prolongation of the period of exposure.
		Their availability, low cost, and the fact that the disinfected water does not need to be transferred into another receptacle make them sufficiently attractive for the purpose intended.
		For maximum benefit from the disinfection action of sunlight, the containers should be kept in a slanted manner with their greatest surfaces (if not round or cylindrical) made to face the sun rather than keeping them in an upright or flat position.
	almashriq.hiof.no /lebanon/600/610/614/solar-water/unesco/35-46.html (4395 words)

	Water treatment & Air Purification systems
		Disinfection systems for drinking water are often also applicable in air treatment.
		Both ozone disinfection and uv disinfection technologies are applied in the liquid and the gas phase.
		Advanced disinfection treatment with ozone generator and UV sterilizers stronly reduces these complaints and increases the water and air quality.
	www.lenntech.com (399 words)

	Finite and nonrenewable: UV disinfection of reclaimed wastewater: The North American experience GAIL SAKAMOTO / ...
		Proposals for UV disinfection are evaluated on a site-by-site basis using the NWRI guidelines for UV Disinfection.
		In addition, UV disinfection produces no harmful disinfection by-products and the disinfected effluent is non-toxic to the environment.
		As an alternative to chemical disinfection, UV does not produce harmful by-products and is non-toxic to the environment.
	www.mindfully.org /Water/UV-Disinfection-Wastewater.htm (1552 words)

	Hanovia UV - ultraviolet, water disinfection uv, ultra violet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		UV, ultraviolet, UV disinfection, ultra violet, ultraviolet disinfection, water disinfection, uv, disinfection, ultraviolet lamps, ultraviolet sterilisation, ultraviolet water purification, ultraviolet water treatment, UV lamps, UV sterilisation, UV water purification UV water treatment, ultra violet lamps, ultra violet sterilisation, ultra violet water purification, ultra violet water treatment
		Hanovia Ltd is an ultraviolet manufacturing company specialising in the manufacture of UV equipment for disinfection, deozonation, dechloramination, and dechlorination and for the enhanced removal of total organic carbon from ultrapure applications.
		Specific lamps are manufactured with enhanced spectral outputs for disinfection, dechloramination, pesticide photolysis and NDMA photolysis.
	www.hanovia.com (714 words)

	UV Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Description: To coordinate efforts with construction of a new Headworks Intake and Control Building Montgomery Watson was asked to conceptually look at integration of an ultraviolet disinfection system to ensure that the Headworks facilities would not impede the possible future integration of a UV system.
		Alternative system configurations with both low and medium pressure lamps in open channel systems, as well as medium pressure lamps in a "pipe-spool" configuration are compared.
		Also presented are the risks and benefits of each alternative configuration and a recommended alternative for the City of Portland's UV disinfection system.
	www.amwa.net /UV/uv_portland_2.html (259 words)

	PRESS RELEASE ITT Industries Selected to Provide World's Largest Ultraviolet (UV) Drinking Water Disinfection System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The UV disinfection process, which is more efficient against harmful pathogens than systems currently in use, decreases the overall chemical use in drinking water and provides a much smaller foot print than using chlorination systems.
		Sodium Hypochlorite will be used as a secondary disinfectant to further protect the drinking water as it travels through the distribution process.
		The bid process for selecting the UV system included a life cycle cost evaluation in which the initial capital cost of the UV equipment was combined with the present value of site-specific operation and maintenance costs over the 20-year projected life.
	www.marketwire.com /mw/release_html_b1?release_id=77620 (504 words)

	Cleaning and Disinfection of Poultry Facilities, VME-013-02
		A cleaning and disinfection program should be instituted after a poultry building has been depopulated and before restocking occurs on the farm.
		Hence, to maximize an effective cleaning and disinfection program, it is important to identify what disease agent(s) we want to eliminate or reduce on the farm.
		Disinfectants were not designed to be effective against parasites.
	ohioline.osu.edu /vme-fact/0013.html (922 words)

	Disinfection - Health Care - MnTAP
		Using best management practices for disinfecting will help ensure that you are cleaning appropriately to kill the bugs-the microbes-you need to kill.
		Disinfection Best Management Practices Using best management practices for disinfecting will help ensure that you are cleaning appropriately to kill the bugs—the microbes—you need to kill.
		Levels of Disinfection The Center for Disease Control has guidelines for levels of disinfection according to organism type.
	www.mntap.umn.edu /health/disinfection.htm (146 words)

	SANOSIL LTD - disinfectants (patented), water purifiers, biological products
		disinfectants are highly effective, universally applicable, environmental friendly disinfectants.
		Due to the patented manufacturing process of the two basic elements (hydrogen peroxide and silver), an excellent multiplication of the disinfecting effect is obtained (synergy).
		Sano-Clean is based on the environmental friendly antiviral disinfectant Sanosil Super 25 and non-ionic surface-active agents.
	www.sanosil.com (453 words)

	Infection Control Manual, Guidelines
		Moist heat, 100 C for 30 min.; aqueous 2% glutaraldehyde for 30-40 mins.; 1:10 dilution of bleach for 20 mins.
		A sterile water rinse after disinfection is required to prevent contamination from tap water.
		Chemical disinfectants include ethyl or isopropyl alcohol (70-90%), phenolic disinfectant solutions, iodophors and quartenernary ammonium compounds.
	info.med.yale.edu /ynhh/infection/steril/examples.html (162 words)

	Sophos: Disinfection instructions
		Sophos's anti-virus solutions are capable of disinfecting and removing infections by viruses, worms and Trojan horses - including boot sector viruses, macro viruses, script viruses and executable viruses and worms.
		Disinfecting DOS boot record viruses that do not store the boot sector
		Disinfecting master boot record viruses that do not store the boot sector
	www.sophos.com /support/disinfection (90 words)

	Byproduct of water disinfection process found to be highly toxic
		A recently discovered disinfection byproduct (DBP) found in U.S. drinking water treated with chloramines is the most toxic ever found, says a scientist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who tested samples on mammalian cells.
		The use of chloramines, a combination of chlorine and ammonia, is one of three alternatives to chlorine disinfectant, which has been used for more than 100 years.
		All treatments react to compounds present in a drinking water source, resulting in a variety of chemical disinfectant byproducts.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=13413 (694 words)

	RevTech! Your guide to computer security, hacking protection, anti-virus and more! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Thus, it is prudent to check a Virus Encyclopedia entry for the detected malware before proceeding with disinfection or removal of malware.
		The best way to disinfect this scenario is to boot the computer with a special CD- ROM called a bootable antivirus disk.
		Thus the general recommendation is to "boot clean", scan and disinfect (or remove) as necessary from an environment where the malware cannot become active.
	members.shaw.ca /revtech/virusswat.htm (4322 words)

	Wastewater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A variety of advanced (or tertiary) treatment methods are sometimes required to reduce nutrients, toxic substances, or excessive amounts of dissolved materials in wastewater.
		Disinfection is often the final step after secondary or tertiary treatment and helps to kill most remaining viruses and bacteria.
		System operators, designers, and regulatory agencies use tests to evaluate the strength of wastewater and the amount of treatment required, the quality of effluent at different stages of treatment, and the quality of receiving waters at the point of discharge.
	danpatch.ecn.purdue.edu /~epados/septics/wwater.htm (4949 words)

	Solar Water Disinfection
		In 1991 EAWAG (The Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology) and SANDEC (EAWAG's Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries) conducted extensive laboratory and field tests to develop and test the Solar Water Disinfection Process (SODIS).
		The laboratory tests conduced as well as the practical experience gathered during the application in the field revealed a simple, low-cost technology with a great potential to improve the health of those still without access to safe drinking water.
		Since 1995, SANDEC is engaged in providing information, technical support and advice to local institutions in developing countries for the worldwide promotion and dissemination of the Solar Water Disinfection Process, SODIS.
	www.sodis.ch (343 words)

	Ozone Generator - Ozone Technology + Generators at BiOzone - Ozone Generator Products
		Ozone disinfection can be used in ozone air purification and ozone waste water treatment.
		Ozone air purification can be accomplished through removal of suspended particles and oxidation of organic odor molecules through ozone systems.
		Ozone technology is used in the disinfection of drinking water.
	www.biozone.com (465 words)

	wallace Tiernan, wallace tiernan products, wallace tiernan chlorinators, chlorination systems, electrochlorination, ...
		Wallace and Tiernan has a broad portfolio of chemical feed and disinfection products for municipal and industrial water and wastewater treatment.
		This portfolio includes products and systems for disinfection through chlorination using gas feeders, dry chemical feeders, gas dosing equipment, and chlorinators, dechlorination and chlorine dioxide generation systems.
		The leading company in the U.K. for the Design, Supply, Installation and Commissioning of Gaseous, Liquid and Powder Chemical storage and dosing systems and associated Process and Control in all Water Treatment applications.
	www.wallace-tiernan.com (324 words)

	Welcome to Ozonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An innovative new solution for the disinfection of waterborne pathogens in municipal drinking waters
		Ozone and UV are very effective alternatives to chlorine and other chemicals as a disinfection agent in swimming pools.
		The Aquaray® 40 HO is the premier solution for the disinfection of waterborne pathogens in municipal wastewater.
	www.ozonia.com (82 words)

	Cryptosporidium Parvum
		Very high concentrations of disinfectant may be effective, but such levels are not practical for water treatment (Robertson et al, 1992).
		It was the extreme resistance of the oocysts which led to the subsequent outbreak, which in turn led to stricter guidelines for purification (NSTC, 1994; Graczyk, pers.
		Procedures for filtration vary, but a procedure in use at filtration plants involves the addition of disinfectant, mixing, flocculation (to cause ’clumping’ of solids), sedimentation and rapid sand filtration.
	www.cdfound.to.it /HTML/khan.htm (6048 words)

	Air Sterilization, Air Sterilisation, Air Purification, Odour Control, Odor Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Air Sterilizers are installed inside the mixing plenum of the air handling unit where they disinfect the supply air as the air mixes and flows through the mixing plenum.
		The Air Sterilizers disinfect the supply air and protect people from cross infection from person to person through the air conditioning system with Virus and Pathogens such as Golden Staph, Staphylococcus Aureus, Legionella, Legionella Pneumophila, Legionnaires Disease, E.
		Our Air Purifiers, Ionizers, Air Ionizers and Ionic Air Purifiers are installed inside the mixing plenum of the air handling unit where they clean, disinfect and deodorize the supply air as the air mixes and flows through the mixing plenum.
	www.bio-oxygen.com.au (313 words)

	Chlorine Issues - C3.org
		Water Disinfection: Evaluating Alternative Methods In Light of Heightened Security Concerns
		Disinfection Byproducts (DBP) and their Developmental Hazards and/or Risks to Human Health
		The History of Disinfecting Drinking Water with Chlorine
	c3.org /chlorine_issues/disinfection/disinfection_index.html (153 words)

	Aquionics - World Leader in Ultraviolet Technology
		UV Disinfection to Treat Ballast Water on Coral Princess
		As the innovator in ultraviolet water treatment and disinfection, Aquionics and the Halma Group divisions have been providing the preeminent UV technologies since 1924.
		Aquionics' ultraviolet systems provide non-chemical disinfection of water, air, and surfaces to a diverse range of applications.
	www.aquionics.com (176 words)

	MIOX Corporation, on-site mixed-oxidant and sodium hypochlorite generators for superior water disinfection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		MIOX Corporation's on-site mixed-oxidant generators have emerged in the water industry as the NEXT GENERATION of water disinfection as government regulations drive water treatment plants to upgrade their disinfection processes.
		The MIOX electrolytic cell uses only salt, water, and electricity to generate a liquid mixed-oxidant solution, which is injected into the water at the appropriate treatment dose.
		The MIOX mixed-oxidant technology is in operation in hundreds of installations worldwide and is a U.S. EPA compliance technology for water disinfection.
	www.miox.com (189 words)

	EPA Stage 2 Microbial and Disinfection Byproducts Federal Advisory Committee Agreement in Principle
		As part of the 1996 amendments to the SDWA, Congress established deadlines for the M-DBP rules, beginning with a November 1998 deadline for promulgation of both the IESWTR and the Stage 1 D/DBP Rule.
		Part A 3.0 Disinfection Byproducts The requirements in the Stage 2 DBPR will apply to all community water systems and non-transient non-community water systems that add a disinfectant other than UV or deliver water that has been disinfected.
		However, information is needed in order to clarify how UV disinfection will be used as a tool for compliance with the proposed LT2ESWTR.
	www.epa.gov /ogwdw000/mdbp/st2fr29.html (7246 words)

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