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Topic: Displacement Maps

	Displacement map
		Displacement maps are very likely to be a feature of DirectX9 and future generations of 3D hardware accelerators.
		Using displacement maps instead of bump maps will no longer destroy the illusion of surface detail once a part of an object has turn to a certain degree where you are able to see its silhouette.
		With displacement maps however geometry is altered based on the height values in the displacement map.
	meshuggah.4fo.de /DisplacementMap.htm (583 words)

	Displacement mapping - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Displacement mapping is an alternative technique in contrast to bump mapping, normal mapping, and parallax mapping, using a heightmap to cause an effect where the actual geometric position of points over the textured surface are displaced along the surface normal according to the values stored into the texture.
		One of the reasons for this absence is that the original implementation of displacement mapping required an adaptive tessellation of the surface in order to obtain micropolygons whose size matched the size of a pixel on the screen.
		With the newest generation of graphics hardware, displacement mapping can be interpreted as a kind of vertex-texture mapping, where the values of the texture map do not alter the pixel color, but instead change the position of the vertex.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Displacement_mapping (225 words)

	Reference Material - Displacement Maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A Displacement Map is an image used to shift the position of points within an object, changing its shape.
		Animating a displacement map is as simple as moving the texture along an axis over a period of frames.
		When considering using displacement maps to animate or form an object's geometry, creating enough polygons to conform to the intended map is important.
	art-design.smsu.edu /yarberry/Courses/Reference/DisplacementMaps (335 words)

	Normal mapping - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While bump mapping perturbs the existing normal (the way the surface is facing) of a model, normal mapping replaces the normal entirely.
		But where a bump map is usually calculated based on a single-channel (interpreted as grayscale) image, the source for the normals in normal mapping is usually a multichannel image (that is, channels for "red", "green" and "blue" as opposed to just a single color) derived from a set of more detailed versions of the objects.
		These spatial dimensions are relative to a constant coordinate system for object-space normal maps, or to a smoothly varying coordinate system (based on the derivatives of position with respect to texture coordinates) in the case of tangent-space normal maps.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Normal_mapping (838 words)

	[No title]
		With the possibility to bake 16bit maps the color resolution is much less of an issue, but it's still useful to set these quite close to the actual maxima so you can visually see the color zones in the baked displacement map.
		Baking the displacement maps : you'll bake the shader named getDistanceShader to recover displacement information and getNormalsShader to recover the normal map (normal values are offset to be expressed in the RGB (0 0 0 to 1 1 1) color range by the shading network, but otherwise unmodified).
		You'll get best displacement map smoothness due to the better definition of the high resolution object, and this object will be discarded once you have the map anyway so it won't be a cause of added complexity/weight when doing your final render.
	www.drone.org /tutorials/displacement_maps_mental.html (2523 words)

	Introduction
		Visually rich images are often generated from simpler models by applying displacement maps to increase surface detail (Figure 1).
		Displacement maps are a special type of offset surface, and are usually assumed to perturb surface positions a small distance using some function.
		The requirements for a displacement function used to smooth triangle meshes is discussed in Section 4.
	www.cs.utah.edu /~bes/papers/height/paper-node18.html (425 words)

	Image Map Types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		As you draw a Bump map using shades of gray, be aware that it is the change in intensity from one pixel to another that determines the amount of surface perturbation.
		Transparency maps are simply images that use the intensity of each color to indicate the amount of transparency on a pixel-by-pixel basis.
		Fractal maps are simply displacements that flat shade the facets of perturbation as if they were polygons, whereas Displacement maps shade smoothly.
	www.hash.com /htmlhelp/htmlhelp/mas00146.htm (1221 words)

	ZBrushCentral - Displacements: What is the PURPOSE of a displacement map?
		Displacement mapping can move points or pixels in any direction, which changes the silhouette of the model and creates a more realistic effect.
		Displacement maps are the key to overcoming this weakness.
		As I understand it, when the displacement map is applied, the model is subdivided, and the new vertices are moved outwards from the normals of the polys they came from.
	www.pixolator.com /zbc/showthread.php?s=287eb645a4e2c206d6e6420e1965dc3f&t=111 (523 words)

	Citations: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH - COOK (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Displacement mapping can be applied to different base surfaces for example NPatches as used by DirectX 9 and subdivision surfaces as used by Lee et al.
		Displacement mapping is similar to texture mapping and bump mapping in the sense that surface detail is drawn into a 2D image which is then projected onto a 3D....
		Displacement maps have become popular commercially as procedural displacement shaders in RenderMan [1] The simplest displacement shaders interpolate values within an image, perhaps using standard bicubic filters.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/1222110/0 (1131 words)

	Geometry Caching for Ray-Tracing Displacement Maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		We present a technique for rendering displacement mapped geometry in a ray-tracing renderer.
		Displacement mapping is an important technique for adding detail to surface geometry in rendering systems.
		If the displaced geometry is fully instantiated in memory, it is straightforward to intersect rays with it, but displacement mapping has not yet been practical in ray-tracers due to the memory cost of holding this much geometry.
	graphics.stanford.edu /papers/displace (316 words)

	Layers Magazine \| Using Displacement Maps with Type
		The Displace filter is great for any situation when you want to transfer the surface contours of one photo onto another image element.
		Displacement maps use light and dark values to shift or displace another image element.
		Displacement maps are also very useful for creating realistic reflections in water.
	www.layersmagazine.com /design/displacement_maps.php (1279 words)

	Desktop Studios
		Maps or decals can be used for a wide variety of things including altering the geometry of an otherwise smooth mesh.
		So, with just a simple image map applied as a displacement map we've emulated a much more complex model in much less work (which is a good thing).
		Keep in mind that Displacement Maps will consume more memory and time during rendering but the results can be well worth it.
	www.mossor.org /Desktop/Tutorials/garbagecan.htm (1096 words)

	[No title]
		You'll see I'm not using it in the generation of the displacement maps but ti can be useful for a render than allow to specify displacement as a vector (not necessarily along the normal).
		The baked map is using the 3 color channels to represent X, Y, and Z of the normal vector.
		As in the map will be expressed in world coordinates, you might want to convert it to object space for an object whose tansform will be animated, or to point space for animated deformed meshes.
	www.drone.org /tutorials/displacement_maps.html (3496 words)

	Toolfarm - Using Displacement Maps
		Project 1 is a very simple use for displacement maps that shows you how to warp an image - the drunk effect, or seeing an oasis in the desert effect or whatever you want to call it.
		The map itself does not animate, but the settings are keyframed, and you can see exactly what displacement maps do in this example.
		Since our displacement map is fl and white, we'll choose luminance for both, but you can use several of the settings.
	www.toolfarm.com /tutorials/usedispmaps.html (290 words)

	PC Pro: Analysis: MacUser Features: Photoshop displacement maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This seemingly arcane feat of mathematics becomes comprehensible when the Displacement Map is identical to the base image in the montage: suddenly, any additional elements can be distorted to look as if they've been applied directly to the underlying texture, so a perfect fit is guaranteed.
		Displacement Maps are still an underused area of the program, and it is not until we start using them and complain about their shortcomings that Adobe will increase their power to a more functional level.
		The amount of blur applied to a Displacement Map is critical to its success, but you will not see the result until the Displace filter is applied later.
	www.pcpro.co.uk /macuser-features/66370/photoshop-displacement-maps.html (681 words)

	Wrapping objects with Displacement Maps in Photoshop
		Displacement maps see like such strange and difficult animals until you learn to tame them.
		In this long overdue tutorial, I will teach you what you need to know about displacement maps in plain English, so that you can take advantage of the stunning effects that can only be created by using these maps.
		We have now created our displacement map for use later on.
	www.photoshopcafe.com /tutorials/dispmap/dispmap.htm (434 words)

	Displacement Maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Displacement mapping is a powerful technique that allows a texture input, either procedural or an image, to manipulate the position of rendered faces.
		Displacement mapping is set up to behave as a texture channel, with one very important difference.
		The depth of the displacement is scaled with an object's scale, but not with the relative size of the data.
	download.blender.org /documentation/htmlI/ch11s03.html (571 words)

	[No title]
		In 3ds max, the Displace modifier acts as a force field to push and reshape an object's geometry.
		The grayscale component of the image is used to generate the displacement.
		In this example, the displacement is applied to a sphere primitive.
	web.tiscali.it /olgab/AB_MAX17.html (290 words)

	XSI Base Forum - Does anyone out there have any pros and cons views on displacement maps??
		I tend to use normal maps more than bumps recently, with the help of a photoshop plugin, but i don't rely on this bump/normal techniques for highly detailed geometry near the camera and as a rule of thumb i try to model directly (or at least to control the process) all the details i need.
		Using displacement has one important advantage is that is allows you to add details without modeling them, wich is easier to handle for enveloping, shape animation and such.
		Normal maps are a certain type of texture maps used to encode the normal info of a mesh.
	www.xsibase.com /forum/index.php?board=12;action=display;threadid=12790 (1024 words)

	Tutorial: Displacement Maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Displacement Maps are useful for making 2D patterns "wrap" around fold or curves on an object with a perceivable depth.
		I was studying Intron Depot 2 and noticed Master Shirow uses displacement maps a lot when texturing clothing or monsters.
		I'm no master Shirow and this art to the left was a bit rushed but hopefully it will be enough to help you unlock the secrets of this advanced photoshop technique.
	www.rnel.net /tutorial/Photoshop/2177 (81 words)

	-- Shareit.com secure sales section for GRAPHICXTRAS.COM -- - Displacement Maps Collection For Photoshop PC -
		The displacements cover blots / dots / lined / warped / curved / grungy / splatters / scratched and many more different design displacements.
		The displacement maps can be used in the native displacement filters in Photoshop; to create stunning glass distortion effects; canvas designs; use in the Photoshop filter gallery and more.
		The displacement maps can also be used as bump maps / materials in PSP and many other applications that accept PSD format, as well as in filters or in 3D applications.
	www.shareit.com /product.html?cart=1&productid=180707&languageid=1&cookies=1 (352 words)

	How to make realistic lighting and bending effects (like this really cool flag), using displacement maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Now grab your displacement map image, and drag it onto your image.
		Use the arrow keys to nudge the displacement map until it covers the whole image.
		Change the displacement map layer's Mode from Normal to Overlay, and reduce its opacity (75% is good).
	pegaweb.com /tutorials/displacement (324 words)

	Displacement Maps
		This Photoshop filter makes it possible to apply the content of one image in such a way that it appears to follow the 3-dimensional contours of the image to which it has been applied.
		Displacement maps require two images of the same size and resolution.
		Duplicate the displace filter layer and erase any parts of the flag that interfere with the face photo, such as in the eyes, the mouth, and earrings.
	teachertoolkit.cvc4.org /inst/Teacher-Toolkit/public/bob5/displace.html (366 words)

	Displacement Maps - TechIMO Forums
		I like using displacement maps to make images look how should I say "odd" in contrast to the image on top.
		Say for instance I use cloud render, duplicating the layer, sticking it on top then displacing itself with itself along with a blending mode.
		Displacement maps are one of the best filters (IMO) since they are images manipulating other images.
	www.techimo.com /forum/showthread.php?t=81316&goto=nextoldest (130 words)

	Text Displacement Maps
		The goal of this tutorial is to demonstrate the power behind XSI displacement map and its adaptive tesselation controls.
		Once the text layer is created, you simply need to duplicate the text layer, move it under the original text layer and blur it.
		The surface has to match the image map size ratio, in order to achieve proper results (square letters).
	www.edharriss.com /tutorials/tutorial_xsi_text_displacement_map/extrusion.htm (619 words)

	Tutorial 7:Stereo Effects with Displacement Maps
		When a displacement map is used, the source image is warped by the displacement map.
		Where the displacement map is neutral gray, no displacement is made--no matter how hard you try.
		By constraining the displacement to the vertical direction (by pressing the option and shift key), we prevent the rhythm from being modified.
	www.uisoftware.com /TUTORIALS_2002/MS25_tutorials/TUT7_DispStereo.html (385 words)

	ZBrushCentral - Displacement Maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Displacements: When I click the button to create a displacement map, NOTHING HAPPENS.
		Displacements: What is the PURPOSE of a displacement map?
		Displacements: I'm getting a STAIR STEP EFFECT with the map in my animation package.
	www.pixolator.com /zbc/forumdisplay.php?f=41 (204 words)

	:: View topic - displacement maps
		displacement mapping is a technique you can use to realistically "map" any texture or surface onto any part of your composition, whether it be mapping a grid onto a face for use in nurb modelling, or projecting logos on to the side of cars and trucks realistically.
		if the mapping is to strong you can turn the effect down by changing the values in the x and y axis accordingly.
		hey, yeah, basically the alogarthm works the same as a displacement mapping in most 3d programs where the white area resembles hieght and the fl area resembles bottom depth.
	www.graphicmedia.co.za /forum/viewtopic.php?p=543 (617 words)

	Interview with Matrox's Dan Wood About Parhelia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		We have a large number of game developers who are currently working with displacement mapping and plan on supporting it in upcoming titles to be launched on DirectX9.0.
		Matrox's displacement mapping technique calculates the level of vertex detail required in every element of the scene based on how near or far a scene element is from the camera - we call this Depth Adaptive Tesselation.
		Displacement mapping then uses vertex-texture MIP-maps and trilinear filtering techniques to smoothly fetch the height data to be applied to the tessellated vertices.
	www.extremetech.com /article2/0,1558,1162274,00.asp (870 words)

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