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Topic: Dispute over the name of the Persian Gulf

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	Persian Gulf naming dispute - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For a short while in the 17th century, the term "Gulf of Basra" was also being used, which made a reference to the town of Basra (Iraq), an important trading port of the time.
		The group of experts on Geographical Names was set up by the secretary-general of the United Nations in pursuance of economic and Social council resolution 715A(XXVII) on April 23, 1959 and has endorsed 'Persian Gulf' as the official name for this body of water.
		The use of the name 'Arabian Gulf' was described to be 'faulty' by the eighth United Nations conference on the standardization of Geographical names, Berlin, 27 August September 2002.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dispute_over_the_name_of_the_Persian_Gulf (944 words)

	Persian Gulf - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Countries with a coastline on the Persian Gulf, called the Persian Gulf States or more commonly the Gulf States, are (clockwise, from the southeast): United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar on a peninsula off the Saudi coast, Bahrain on an island, Kuwait and Iraq in the northwest, and Iran in the north.
		In 1991 the Persian Gulf again was the background for a Persian Gulf War as Iraq invaded Kuwait and was subsequently pushed back during what is now predominantly known as the Persian Gulf War, despite the fact that this conflict did not focus primarily on the Persian Gulf.
		The Portuguese in the Arabian peninsula and in the Persian Gulf.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Persian_Gulf (548 words)

	Persian Gulf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planet1.scs.cs.nyu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The natural environment of the Persian Gulf is very rich with good fishing grounds, extensive coral reefs, and abundant pearl oysters, but its ecology has become increasingly under pressure from the heavy industrialisation and in particular the repeated major petroleum spillages associated with recent wars fought in the region.
		Countries with a coastline on the Persian Gulf are (clockwise, from the north): Iran, Oman (exclave of Musandam), United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar on a peninsula off the Saudi coast, Bahrain on an island, Kuwait and Iraq in the northwest.
		Iraq's egress to the gulf is narrow and easily blockaded consisting of the marshy river delta of Arvandrud/Shatt al-Arab, which carries the waters of the Euphrates and the Tigris Rivers, where the left (East) bank is held by Iran.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Persian_Gulf (754 words)

	Dispute over the name of the Persian Gulf - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There is a dispute over the name of the Persian Gulf and whether it should be called "Arabian Gulf" or "Persian Gulf".
		For a short while in the 17th century, the term "Gulf of Basra" was also being used, which made a reference to Basra, an important trading port of the time.
		Dispute over the name of the Sea of Japan
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Dispute_over_the_name_of_the_Persian_Gulf (727 words)

	Persian Gulf War - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Persian Gulf War, conflict beginning in August 1990, when Iraqi forces invaded and occupied Kuwait.
		Other Arab countries, such as Egypt, Syria, and the smaller states along the Persian Gulf, feared that even if Iraq’s conquests stopped at Kuwait, Iraq could still intimidate the rest of the region.
		The symptoms became known collectively as Gulf War syndrome but their cause was unknown.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761551555__1/Persian_Gulf_War.html (3191 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Persian Gulf, Guive Mirfendereski
		By the same token, the name "Caspian Sea" originated with the Greeks, Romans and later the inhabitants of the northern shores, from whose vantage point, the sea led to the land of the Caspi, a people settled on the southern shores of the sea in the present-day Gilan area in Iran.
		Fereydoun then asked where might "Arabian Gulf" be, to which she responded "it is really the Persian Gulf." "I am glad," Fereydun replied, "that you should know the difference." He had realized that to her this was just a sweat shirt.
		The name "Persian Gulf" owes its creation and survival throughout the ages to all of the linguistic and cultural influences that touched this gulf in an era long before the ugly considerations of ideology, national competition, and ownership considerations were injected into the discourse.
	www.iranian.com /GuiveMirfendereski/2003/February/Box/index.html (3342 words)

	Persian Gulf Forever :: Archive(2004/12) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		of maritime border with the Persian Gulf, in contrast to all the newly established sheikdoms and Arab countries bordering the waterway with a population one-tenth of that of the Iranians in the north.
		While this symbolic dispute over the name of the waterway is going on, its environmental state is in jeopardy due to excessive exhaustion of its non-renewable [oil, gas] resources and due to three wars in the past twenty five years without any sustainable improvement of the socio-political and economic status of the locals.
		Incomplitization and distorting this historical name, is an illegal and unconventional act and in contrast to the resolutions of the UNGEGN and UN Conferences on the Standardization of Geographical Names.
	persiangulf.blog.com /2004/12 (9271 words)

	Iran Set to Boycott Asian Games 2006 over Persian Gulf Abuse
		Iran is threatening to boycott the 2006 Asian Games if the organisers persist in referring to the "arabian gulf" instead of the "Persian Gulf", which Tehran insists is the only name for the stretch of water, state television reported Tuesday.
		The looming dispute is the latest in a series of spats over what the sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula should be called, with Tehran saying use of the term arabian gulf was a "Zionist plot".
		Iranian officials have expressed anger that the latest issue of National Geographic's atlas that refers to the stretch of water between them and the Arabian peninsula as the "The Persian Gulf (arabian gulf)".
	www.payvand.com /news/05/jan/1085.html (328 words)

	WikiMiki.net - Sumer (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Babylonia, named for the city of Babylon, was an ancient state in Mesopotamia (in modern Iraq), combining the territories of Sumer and Akkad.
		It was only when Darius Hystaspis ("the Magian") acquired the Persian throne and ruled it as a representative of the Zoroastrian religion, that the old tradition was broken and the claim of Babylon to confer legitimacy on the rulers of western Asia ceased to be acknowledged.
		The Euphrates (the traditional Greek name for the river, which is in Old Persian Ufrat, Aramaic Prâth/Frot, in Arabic Al-Furat الفرات, in Turkish Fırat and in ancient Assyrian language Pu-rat-tu) is the westernmost of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia (Bethnahrin in Aramaic), the other being the Tigris.
	sumer.en.wikimiki.net.cob-web.org:8888 (11234 words)

	Abu Musa: Island Dispute Between Iran and the UAE
		The dispute over the island is unresolved and could ignite an international crisis at some point in the future.
		Throughout the rest of the 1980s, the dispute over the island was overshadowed by the Iran-Iraq war, until March 1992, when Iran expelled the foreigners from Abu Musa.
		A limit of 12 miles is significant considering the size of the Persian Gulf and the close proximity of the Gulf states.
	www.american.edu /TED/abumusa.htm (3177 words)

	Timetrip - Persian Gulf War - Brief Article Current Events - Find Articles
		As part of the agreement, Iraq was to destroy all its biological and chemical weapons, which it had used during the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) and had threatened to use during the Persian Gulf War.
		The Arab League is the informal name for the League of Arab States, an organization founded in 1945.
		Disputes among member states have made political and defense agreements in the Arab League difficult.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0EPF/is_9_101/ai_79960102 (711 words)

	National Geographic's Statement on Persian Gulf
		While National Geographic considers "Persian Gulf" to be the primary name, it has been the Society's cartographic practice to display a secondary name in parentheses when use of such a name has become commonly recognized.
		The Arabian Gulf is recognized as a variant naming of the Persian Gulf by many such entities.
		Our naming policy on the Persian Gulf is consistent with our cartographic treatment of other parts of the world, such as the body of water between Japan and Korea, for which we show the primary name as the "Sea of Japan," and a secondary alternative name, (East Sea).
	www.payvand.com /news/04/nov/1224.html (496 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Persian Gulf, Jamshid Charmchi
		The Persian Gulf Task Force members are volunteers who take time away from their busy schedules to defend a historic name, which has come under attack, more so after the 1979 Iranian revolution.
		None of the Persian Gulf members is anonymous or uses different names to cover their identity.
		The Persian Gulf taskforce members are proud of their heritage and intend to protect it.
	www.iranian.com /Opinion/2003/February/PG2/p.html (531 words)

	Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (Arabic: مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج), formerly named and still commonly called Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) (مجلس التعاون الخليجي) is a regional organization involving the six Persian Gulf Arab States with many economic and social objectives in mind.
		It should be noted that not all of the countries neighboring the Persian Gulf are members of the council.
		Yemen is currently (as of 2006) in negotiations for GCC membership, and hopes to join by 2016.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council (432 words)

	Iran, Qatar Leaders Argue Over Gulf Name - CBS News
		Ahmadinejad's prickly response was apparently triggered by efforts to protect the term Persian Gulf against the use of Arabian Gulf, which Tehran views as an imposition by Arab nationalists.
		Iran reacted strongly in 2004 when the eighth edition of the National Geographic atlas was released with the term Arabian Gulf in parenthesis beside the more commonly used Persian Gulf.
		Tehran's city council also passed a resolution to name "Persian Gulf Highway" the main road connecting the capital to the south of the country.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2006/05/03/ap/world/mainD8HCB9I05.shtml (510 words)

	CNN.com - Dispute over hijack deaths - March 17, 2001
		MOSCOW, Russia -- Events surrounding the deaths of three people in the storming of a hijacked plane are being disputed as the survivors arrive back in Russia and Turkey.
		Over 150 freed hostages were flown home from Saudi Arabia on Saturday.
		With them were the coffins of a Russian air hostess and Turkish passenger, who died along with one of the hijackers.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/03/17/turkey.hijack.03/index.html (659 words)

	How Should Iran Preserve the Name of Persian Gulf
		Iran has reacted angrily to a map of Persian Gulf in a recent issue of National Geographic, which showed the name ‘Arabian Gulf’ next to “Persian Gulf’ in reference to this body of water.
		Iran and United Arab Emirate are locked in a territorial dispute over three small islands in Persian Gulf but despite this dispute they have also had several high level diplomatic contacts in recent years and Iran is one of UAE’s largest trade partners.
		Iran can argue that since the name change was a reaction to Iran’s pro-Israeli position prior to the 1979 revolution, the Arabs must show their appreciation for Iran’s pro-Palestinian policies after the revolution by respecting the name of Persian Gulf.
	www.payvand.com /news/05/feb/1080.html (1004 words)

	Iran Focus-Iran bans the Economist over Gulf map - Iran (General) - News
		It is the second time in two years that Iran has banned such an international publication for failing to use the term "Persian Gulf" in a map.
		The ban would only be lifted when the journal used "Persian Gulf," the ministry was quoted as saying.
		"We've used 'the Gulf' for a long time, and we have no intention of changing it at the moment," a spokeswoman for The Economist said, speaking on condition of anonymity in keeping with the magazine's policy.
	www.iranfocus.com /modules/news/article.php?storyid=7609 (335 words)

	War Plans and Pitfalls
		After months of internal wrangling over tactics and strategy, it now appears that the White House has settled on the basic design for the US invasion of Iraq.
		President Bush was given a detailed plan for the assault on September 10, and it appears that key combat units have been moved to the Middle East or are being readied for deployment to the region.
		The standoff between the Senate and the Bush Administration over military tribunals, torture and war crimes tests core legal and moral issues and will determine the kind of country America wishes to be.
	www.thenation.com /doc/20021021/klare (1115 words)

	Newspaperindex - the blog \| Newspapers of the world, media, free speech and update on the newspaper catalogue Newspaper ...
		Iran has banned The Economist magazine for describing the Persian Gulf as merely “the Gulf” in a map published in the latest edition, state television reported late Wednesday.
		It is the second time in two years that Iran has prohibited a publication of international repute for failing to use the term “Persian Gulf” in its maps.
		The name is important, it defines the object.
	blog.newspaperindex.com /2006/06/15/iran-bans-the-economist-over-map (365 words)

	Euphrates (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Boat on the Shatt-al-Arab The Euphrates (the traditional Greek name for the river, which is in Old Persian Ufrat, Aramaic Prâth/Frot, in Arabic Al-Furat &1575;&1604;&1601;&1585;&1575;&1578;, in Turkish F&305;rat and in ancient Assyrian language Pu-rat-tu) is the westernmost of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia (Bethnahrin in Aramaic), the other being the Tigris.
		North of Basra, in southern Iraq, the river merges with the Tigris to form the Shatt al-Arab, which in turn empties into the Persian Gulf.
		The river used to divide into many channels at Basra, forming an extensive marshland, but the marshes were largely drained by the Saddam Hussein government in the 1990s as a means of driving out the rebellious Marsh Arabs.
	euphrates.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (823 words)

	Persian Gulf Online
		Naval build-up in the Persian Gulf and the Eastern Mediterranean -
		Persian Gulf leaders urge Iran to be frank with them about its...
		Persian Gulf artifacts suffering as officials dispute where to...
	www.persiangulfonline.org /takeaction/news.htm (2631 words)

	E:M \| The Persian Gulf
		The page we made protesting National Geographic's use of Arabic names for some Iranian islands and for the Persian gulf, is now ranked first in Google, thanks to efforts by Pendar and thousands of Iranian bloggers.
		If you don't see at least 80% of these disputed lands with those kinds of brief explanations inside a couple of parenteses under their names, then the people of National Geographic are not honest in this regard.
		In this case, their statement means "the islands have been occupied by Iran" and if one is still curious, and for example seeks the name of the poor occupied country, "claimed by U.A.E".
	hoder.com /weblog/archives/012895.shtml (1547 words)

	Informed Comment: 10/01/2004 - 10/31/2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the dispute between the Kerry campaign and the Bush administration over the disappearance of explosives at al-Qaqaa, the core of the Bush defense is that we don’t know when the explosives disappeared; it could have happened before American troops arrived.
		The debate over attempts by creationists on the school board in Kansas to curtail the teaching of evolution has been informed by city council concerns that such moves may damage the city's biosciences initiative.
		The men named for whom Iraqis would vote are Ibrahim Jaafari, leader of the al-Da`wa Party (founded in 1958 as a revolutionary Shiite organization aiming for an Islamic state) and Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, leader of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (the name says it all).
	www.juancole.com /2004_10_01_juancole_archive.html (16385 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Dispute over the name of the Persian Gulf
		Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Dispute over the name of the Persian Gulf
		This resulted in heavy protests by many Iranians, most specially the Internet user community, which led to the Iranian government acting on the issue and banning the distribution of the society's publications in Iran.
		"Arabian Gulf" does not exist, a very successful Google bomb about the naming issue
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Dispute_over_the_name_of_the_Persian_Gulf (569 words)

	ABC News: Iran Bans the Economist Over Gulf Map
		Iran Bans the Economist for Publishing Map Depicting 'The Gulf,' Instead of Persian Gulf
		TEHRAN, Iran Jun 14, 2006 (AP)— Iran has banned The Economist magazine for describing the Persian Gulf as merely "the Gulf" in a map published in the latest edition, state television reported Wednesday.
		The current week's issue runs an article on the Iranian nuclear dispute titled: "Iran and nuclear diplomacy: Risky Bargaining Should Iran's latest threat to stop oil exports be taken seriously?" The offending map shows Iran and its neighbors, with the waterway designated "the Gulf."
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=2077242 (345 words)

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