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Topic: Disputed territories

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	Territorial dispute - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states, or over the possession/control of land by one state after it has conquered it from a former state no longer currently recognized by the occupying power.
		These disputes are often related to the possession of natural resources such as rivers, fertile farmland, mineral or oil resources, although the disputes can also be driven by culture, religion and ethnic nationalism.
		Territorial disputes are a major cause of wars and terrorism, as states often try to assert their real, or imagined, sovereignty over a territory through invasion, and non-state entities try to influence the actions of politicians through terrorism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Disputed_territories (828 words)

	Disputed territories of Baltic States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Disputed territories of Baltic States are those territories of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, which were in the mentioned countries in the interwar period, but with the Soviet occupation after WW2, they weren't attached to Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Soviet socialist republics, being attached instead to Russian SFSR, Byelorussian SSR and Poland.
		As for Latvia and Estonia, territories which did not belong to gubernyas of, Livonia or Courland during the Imperial occupation were detached (however, imperial gubernyas weren't based on nationality, unlike Soviet Socialist Republics, therefore such historical reason is debunked by Latvians and Estonians); in Lithuanian case, the detaching did not have a historical base.
		The territories were not returned to the Baltic States after they gained independence and remain parts of Russia, Belarus and Poland.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Disputed_territories_of_Baltic_States (563 words)

	Talk:Occupied territories - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Occupied territories are territories captured in war from an established and recognized sovereign.
		What happened was that the unilateral annexation of conquered territory became illegal, starting with Hague 1907 and other treaties that increasingly prohibited the acquisition of territory by force, and the Stimson Doctrine on the non-recognition of illegal acts became widely accepted, ending with the UN charter.
		The fact that Israel captured these territories in 1967 is not disputed; however, whether or not they are "occupied" in the legal sense of the term is a matter of dispute, with legal arguments on both sides.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Occupied_territories (5468 words)

	Arutz Sheva - Israel National News
		The disputed territories are not "occupied territories", as claimed by the Arab, Islamist perpetual political propaganda.
		The territories of Gaza, Judea and Samaria (wrongfully called the "West Bank") are orphaned portions of the Palestine Mandate that, since 1948, have never been allocated to a sovereign nation (on that note, there has never ever been a sovereign Arab nation-state of Palestine) or assigned fixed boundaries.
		The disputed territories of Judea, Samaria and Gaza were occupied by Egypt and Jordan illegally for nineteen years, from May 1948 through June 1967.
	www.israelnn.com /article.php3?id=5492 (1581 words)

	Bethlehem Media Net: Feature Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One simply characterizes the appropriate legal status of the territory -- that the Occupying Power may not unilaterally lay claim to any part of the territory, that international law protects the population living under occupation, and that the Occupying Power’s presence on that territory is temporary by definition.
		In the case of the Palestinian Territories, however, the term “occupied” is insufficient to describe Israel’s policies of land confiscations, home demolitions, colony construction and the array of Israeli human rights violations such as torture and collective punishment imposed on the Palestinian civilian population.
		Most historians, including Israeli historians, dispute Israel’s claim that its 1967 attack on Egypt, Jordan and Syria was “defensive.”[29] However, the point is moot for purposes of deciding whether Israel occupies the Palestinian Territories: no concept of territorial conquest, whether defensive or offensive, exists under international law.
	www.bethlehemmedia.net /feat69.htm (2686 words)

	[No title]
		Third, the use of "occupied Palestinian territories" denies any Israeli claim to the land: had the more neutral language of "disputed territories" been used, then the Palestinians and Israel would be on an even playing field with equal rights.
		Thus, the current territorial dispute is allegedly the result of an Israeli decision "to occupy," rather than a result of a war imposed on Israel by a coalition of Arab states in 1967.
		Describing the territories as "Palestinian" may serve the political agenda of one side in the dispute, but it prejudges the outcome of future territorial negotiations that were envisioned under UN Security Council Resolution 242.
	www.jr.co.il /articles/politics/disputed.txt (1787 words)

	"Occupied Territories or Disputed Territories?"
		International jurists generally draw a distinction between situations of "aggressive conquest" and territorial disputes that arise after a war of self-defense.
		The last international legal allocation of territory that includes those strategic zones of what is today the West Bank and Gaza Strip occurred with the 1922 League of Nations Mandate for Palestine which recognized Jewish national rights in the whole of the Mandated territory.
		Describing these territories as "Palestinian" may serve the Palestinians' political agenda but prejudges the outcome of future territorial negotiations that were envisioned under UN Security Council Resolution 242.
	www.jcpa.org /art/brief1-1.htm (914 words)

	Exhibit Review: "Disputed Territories" at the Atlanta History Center.
		HE most curious thing about the Atlanta History Center's new exhibit "Disputed Territories: Gone With the Wind and Southern Myths" is the attention it's received from the national press.
		"Disputed Territories" follows this technique throughout the exhibit: questions are asked and information is presented.
		The historical materials presented depict the range of experiences, from the violence and cruel separation of families, to the relative freedom of fl craftsmen who kept families and controlled the disposal of their own labor.
	www.partyoutofbounds.com /gwtw.htm (661 words)

	Congressional Research Service
		The territories involved are sparsely populated or uninhabited, but they are strategically located, many are thought to contain oil or other valuable resources, and they have become potent political symbols of nationalism for the countries concerned.
		All the disputants are officially on record supporting such an approach, and their official representatives took care to reiterate their desire for peace at the ASEAN ministerial meeting in late July 1992.
		As a result, outside analysts often point to rising military tensions over competing territorial claims in the region, but they are unsure if this will lead to conflict or to a crisis prompting disputants to deal pragmatically through negotiations with their competing territorial claims.
	www.fas.org /man/crs/92-7-28.htm (4353 words)

	Primer
		Conquering these territories in a war of aggression aimed at destroying the nascent State of Israel, the Jordanians and Egyptians totally eliminated the Jewish presence in the West Bank and Gaza, forbidding Jews to live there and declaring the sale of land to Jews in those areas a capital offense.
		As a rule, the Palestinians and their supporters misstate the resolution by claiming that 242 calls for Israel's withdrawal from "all" the territories, although this is neither the language used in the resolution nor the intent of its framers.
		It is not Israel's presence in the territories that caused terrorism.
	www.tampabayprimer.org /index.cfm?action=articles&drill=viewArt&art=720 (5129 words)

	Occupied Territories?
		Where the prior holder of territory had seized that territory unlawfully, the state which subsequently takes that territory in the lawful exercise of self-defense has, against that prior holder, better title.
		It is important to observe that, from the time these territories were conquered by Jordan, Syria and Egypt in 1948 to the time they were gained by Israel in 1967, the territories were not refered to as "occupied" by the international community.
		This is the sole reason Isreal continues to have a military presence in the disputed territories.
	www.palestinefacts.org /pf_1967to1991_territories_occupied_or_not.php (790 words)

	Arabic Media Internet Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As early as 1979, the Israeli Supreme Court stated: “This is a situation of belligerency and the status of [Israel] with respect to the occupied territory is that of an Occupying Power.
		Although the Oslo Accords permit limited self-administration for some Palestinians, they expressly reiterate that the Gaza Strip and the West Bank will continue to be considered “one territorial unit” and that withdrawal from Palestinian population centers will do nothing “to change the status” of the West Bank and Gaza Strip[22].
		[8] The Israeli Supreme Court rules that the Palestinian Territories (excluding East Jerusalem) are “occupied” in an attempt to justify Palestinian land confiscations.
	www.amin.org /eng/uncat/2004/sep/sep13.html (2882 words)

	Zionist Organization of America - August 29, 2002 - Cuomo, Former Secretary Of H.U.D, Joins Rumsfeld In Taking Issue ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the intervening period, they've made some settlements in various parts of the so-called occupied area, which was the result of a war, which they won.
		At the very least, those areas should be called disputed territories, not occupied territories, since the term 'occupied' clearly suggests that the 'occupier' has no right to be there.
		We strongly applaud Andrew Cuomo's courageous and principled stance in acknowledging that the term 'occupied territory' is wrong." * * * The Zionist Organization of America, founded in 1897, is the oldest pro-Israel organization in the United States.
	www.zoa.org /pressrel/20020829a.htm (207 words)

	DISPUTED TERRITORIES: Forgotten Facts About the West Bank and Gaza Strip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Israel's presence in the territories began in 1967 as a direct result of the aggressive actions of Israel's neighbors that forced Israel into a war of self-defense.
		The use of the phrase "from territories" was deliberately chosen by the members of the Security Council after extensive study and months of consultations, this despite considerable pressure from the Arab States to include the word "all".
		The disputed status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, combined with the refusal of the Palestinians to sign peace agreements with Israel that would define the final borders, means that the precise status of the territories has yet to be determined.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/852542/posts (8632 words)

	South Kuriles/Northern Territories: A Stumbling-block in Russia-Japan Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The disputed area may potentially become an area of tension thus sparkling escalation of military presence and arms race in the region which may become extremely dangerous keeping in mind that Russia is a nuclear power with loosening control over its arsenals of mass destruction and remote military structures.
		Several attempts to expand its territory at the expense of northern neighbor were made by Japan between 1918 and 1925 when Bolshevik revolution and the subsequent civil war brought total chaos and anarchy to Siberian and far Eastern provinces of collapsed Russian empire.
		Furthermore, according to George E. Lensen, Soviet territorial claims of November 1940 included all the islands of Kuril Archipelago with Kunashiri and Etorofu ignoring the fact that Japanese sovereignty over the latter 3 islands was never questioned and no previous Russian government ever claimed them. On 9 August 1946 the USSR entered the war against Japan.
	www.iir.ubc.ca /cancaps/andersen.html (6839 words)

	dore gold Occupied Territories Disputed Territories israel palestinians
		The politically-loaded term "occupied territories" or "occupation" seems to apply only to Israel and is hardly ever used when other territorial disputes are discussed, especially by interested third parties.
		In fact, prior to 1967, Jordan had occupied the West Bank and Egypt had occupied the Gaza Strip; their presence in those territories was the result of their illegal invasion in 1948, in defiance of the UN Security Council.
		Gasser did not state that in his view the territories were no longer "occupied," but he did point out the legal complexities that had arisen with Oslo's implementation.
	www.betar.co.uk /articles/betar1059066747.php (2584 words)

	Spurious Equivalence: The Absence of Israel’s Occupation in the Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is perhaps best evidenced by the general failure of the press to describe the conflict within the accurate context of an occupation.
		However, the point is moot for purposes of deciding whether Israel occupies the Palestinian Territories: no concept of territorial conquest, whether defensive or offensive, exists under international law.
		Illegitimate sovereigns, argues Gold, may not claim that once illegitimately-held territory now under a legitimate sovereign’s control is “occupied.” Israel represents a legitimate sovereign, according to Gold, since it acquired the Palestinian Territories from Egypt and Jordan during an allegedly “defensive” war in 1967.
	www.palestinemonitor.org /new_web/absence_occupation_press.htm (3059 words)

	From "Occupied Territories" to "Disputed Territories," by Dore Gold
		Three clear purposes seem to be served by the repeated references to "occupation" or "occupied Palestinian territories." First, Palestinian spokesmen hope to create a political context to explain and even justify the Palestinians' adoption of violence and terrorism during the current intifada.
		Of course each situation has its own unique history, but in a variety of other territorial disputes from northern Cyprus, to the Kurile Islands, to Abu Musa in the Persian Gulf -- which have involved some degree of armed conflict -- the term "occupied territories" is not commonly used in international discourse.
		Hansell's legal analysis was dropped by the Reagan and Bush administrations; nonetheless, he had somewhat shifted the focus from the territory to its populace.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/vp470.htm (2688 words)

	MEI - Occupied or disputed territories?
		Land cannot possibly be the contentious issue as the Arabs and Iran already have 750 times as much territory as Israel and 2,400 times as much territory as the disputed West Bank and Gaza Strip.
		The Arabs and Iran have 60 times the population of Israel, all of the oil reserves of the region and 22 states of their own – all varying shades of police states.
		The "peace process" whose main watchword is "territories for peace", involves a paradox whereby a minuscule democracy is being forced to provide its totalitarian enemies - scores of times its size - the only thing it lacks: territory.
	www.middle-east-info.org /gateway/occupation (5700 words)

	Kommersant: Japan Beefed Up by Disputed Territories
		In the RF Ministry of Foreign Affairs, they are sure the visit will make sense only if the parties seal documents to accelerate bilateral cooperation.
		Moscow is less optimistic and doesn't expect Tokyo to condescend to the Declaration of 1956, which sets forth the return of the two from the four disputed islands.
		But for the first time in the history of the conflict, their demands, which refer to the Kuril Islands, in part and in whole, and to the South Sakhalin as disputed territories, have been stipulated in the formal resolution of the parliament
	www.kommersant.com /page.asp?id=556097 (376 words)

	Israel Hasbara Committee
		This article by Dore Gold questions the use of the term ‘occupied territories' and suggests using ‘disputed territories’.
		Moreover the politically loaded term ‘occupied territories’ seems only to apply to Israel and is hardly ever used when discussing other world territorial disputes.
		Under the UN Resolution, Israel is expected to withdraw from territories.
	www.infoisrael.net /cgi-local/text.pl?source=3/c/030920021 (2561 words)

	Leub-Stop: Israel not proper. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		I agree that a term is required to describe Judia And Samaria, however, there are terms which are less polically loaded then the ones used to describe israel.
		The US Dept of state refers to Kashmier as "Disputed areas" and Azerbijans patch of land claimied by Armenian Seperatists as "the disputed area of Nagotno- Karabakh"
		In this environement where so much rests upon how we label something it is crucial that we understand the implications of a phrase and a word.
	leubstop.blogspot.com /2004/12/israel-not-proper.html (419 words)

	NewsFromRussia.Com Putin envoy says Russia has no intention ceding disputed territories to Japan
		"The problem of the so-called disputed territory is mostly a public-relations platform for Japanese politicians, upon which they build their election campaigns, Pulikovsky said, according to his spokesman, Yevgeny Anoshin.
		Residents of three sparsely populated Siberian regions have voted to reunite in a resource-rich territory that will be larger than Western Europe, Russian media reported Monday, extending the trend to increased Kremlin control over the country's far-flung provinces.
		The Kamchatka interregional territorial directorate of hydrometeorology and monitoring of the environment has said that the deep Pacific cyclone came up to the peninsula at night and is now exerting the strongest influence on the southern regions of Kamchatka.
	newsfromrussia.com /region/2005/08/02/60894.html (2137 words)

	Middle East Intelligence Bulletin (MEIB) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Land cannot possibly be the contentious issue as the Arabs and Iran already have 750 times as much territory as Israel and 2,400 times as much territory as the disputed
		Denmark have such disputes, often over huge overseas territories.
		Some regard these areas as illegally occupied, others as disputed territories and there is an obvious need for clarity if the subject is to be discussed rationally in terms of facts rather than assumptions."
	www.hasbara.us /occupied_disputed_territories.html (3879 words)

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