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Topic: 1843 Disruption

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	Nec Tamen Consumebatur: The Free Church of Scotland and the Crisis of 1900
		The Disruption took place when the Evangelical party in the Church of Scotland, under the leadership of Chalmers, left the established Church to form the Church of Scotland, Free (later to be called the Free Church of Scotland).
		The immediate cause of the Disruption was the insistence by the civil courts that the Established Church had to ordain men to the parish ministry irrespective of their acceptability to the parishioners.
		The Disruption was not intended to be a disruption, or division, of the Church.
	www.spindleworks.com /library/bredenhof/fcs_hisstory.htm (7539 words)

	Dr Chalmers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He established this function and role within the Kirk from 1834 but the Church came into the ten years of conflict with the state (ultimately over lay patronage related to the anti-landlordism that was strong in the country).
		He became a rather reluctant leader of the Great Disruption in that it led to 451 of 1200 ministers and a third of its members forming a Free Kirk.
		Chalmers was fearful of the urban masses, whom in 1847 he called profligate, profane and heathen, and saw as a threat to the social order and a disgrace to Christian civilisation (see Devine, 1999, 368).
	www.plural.freeuk.com /bonskeid/gallery/chalmers.html (258 words)

	BBC - History - Disruption of the Scottish Kirk 1843 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Scottish Church had been split between Moderate and Evangelical ministers - encompassing differences in social matters as well as ecclesiastical differences - for a considerable part of the early nineteenth century.
		Situations came to a head at a session of the General Assembly of the Kirk in Edinburgh in 1843.
		Around forty per cent of the ministry of the Kirk and nearly sixty per cent of their entire population left to form the independent Free Church of Scotland.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/timelines/britain/vic_scottish_kirk.shtml (112 words)

	Disruption of the Church of Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Since then, a major bound volume was acquired from the Library of the Free Church College in Edinburgh with 110 pieces of primary material, mainly consisting of broadsides of petitions (signed), notices, monthly statements, posters, etc. These documents date from November 1842 to August 1845 and concern the establishment of the Free Church of Scotland.
		Also included are pamphlets, beginning as early as 1817, concerning the problems which led to the Disruption; pamphlets by the eventual leaders in the schism from this early period; and pamphlets from the post-Disruption era to the 1890s, when attempts were made to re-unite the various splinter churches.
		As a number of Scottish historians have interpreted it, the disruption of the Church of Scotland and the formation of the Free Kirk in 1843 was next to the Reformation in importance in the history of modern Scotland.
	www.electricscotland.com /alastair/canada/library8.htm (2243 words)

	The Orcadian Features - New era for a rock of ages
		Between then and 1843, other sects were formed, most of which were more liberal than the original seceders – the Relief Church, the Old Scotch Independents and the Congregationalists.
		The events of the Disruption of 1843, however, had an immediate effect in Kirkwall, largely due to the fact there had already been a breakaway from the Cathedral with the formation of a “chapel of ease” or extension Church of Scotland congregation called the East Kirk.
		At the Disruption of 1843, Rev Petrie was one of the ministers who came out of the Church of Scotland.
	www.orcadian.co.uk /features/articles/kingstreethalls.htm (2096 words)

	Home Page, Morningside Parish Church, Edinburgh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Very shortly after the church was built the Disruption took place and the minister, George Smeaton, and many of the congregation joined the Free Church.
		For the first two Sundays after the Disruption the Morningside Free Church adherents continued to meet in the Parish Church until, being threatened with expulsion, tried to hold services in the Old Schoolhouse opposite what is now the western end of Falcon Avenue.
		Braid was not a Parish Church, the prerogative of the established Church of Scotland, but after the disruption in 1843 various 'Free' Churches had been established, of which Braid was a member of the United Presbyterian Church.
	www.members.aol.com /rbalxndr2/page9.htm (1476 words)

	The Achreny Mission - 2. 1815 to 1843 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Indeed it was the Disruption which brought the Achreny Mission to an end as a mission, because the Free Church soon afterwards disjoined the Mission and made arrangements for ministers to be settled in the different parts.
		In October 1843 the second Free Church General Assembly met in Glasgow, with Robert Rose Mackay, "minister of Dirlet", as a commissioner from the Presbytery of Caithness.
		Meanwhile, from the time of the Disruption, the intention of the Free Church had been to separate Halladale from Achreny and Halsary and to join it to the Strathy congregation, but this does not seem to have taken effect until 1847, when Strathy became a sanctioned charge.
	www.fpchurch.org.uk /EbBI/fpm/2003/September/article4.htm (2619 words)

	Amazon.de: English Books: The Second Disruption: The Free Church in Victorian Scotland and the Origins of the Free ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Founded at the Disruption of 1843, the Free Church was to be one of the dominant forces in Victorian Scotland, and yet even as it exercised this power it began to unravel.
		The author places this event in its ecclesiastical context, arguing that the Second Disruption was a product of the Liberalization of attitudes towards the creed and theology in the Free Church.
		He also argues that the split of 1893 was a result of the fundamental divided in Scottish society between highlands and lowlands, and that the fashionable pseudo-science of race played an important role in forming opinions among significant sections of the lowland Free Church.
	www.amazon.de /exec/obidos/ASIN/1862320977 (400 words)

	Robert Murray McCheyne (1813-1843): A Study of an early Nineteenth Century Scottish Evangelical
		The purpose of this thesis is to show how Robert Murray McCheyne exemplified the Evangelical ministry of the Church of Scotland during the time just prior to the Disruption of 1843.
		Because of his short life (he died at the age of twenty-nine), and an abundance of his personal manuscript writings, it was possible to be specific and detailed about these phases of his life, which witnessed the Evangelical ascendancy, the "Ten Years' Conflict," the rise of missionary activity, and the Disruption.
		These movements not only typified the rise of the Evangelical mood in Scotland, but were also instrumental in preparing the way among the people for the Disruption and the Free Church.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /d.haslam/mccheyne/yeaworth.htm (618 words)

	Presbyt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As if Lang were not sufficiently divisive, the 1843 Disruption in Scotland resulted in divisions in Australia because of the close links with the Church of Scotland.
		Following the Scottish Disruption, the Tasmanian church declared for Free Church principles while remaining connected to the established church in Scotland.
		A Free Church presbytery was established in 1853 and united with the Church of Scotland Presbytery in 1896 to form the Presbyterian Church of Tasmania.
	www.lib.monash.edu.au /databases/lau/arc-pro/contents/presbyt/prsch2.htm (2440 words)

	The Achreny Mission - 3. After the Disruption - Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Her husband James Henderson had owned the main Westerdale lands, and was related to the William Henderson on whose land the Westerdale Free Church had been built after the Disruption.
		In two previous articles we have traced the history of the Achreny Mission from its origin in the eighteenth century down to the Disruption of May 1843.
		Although he had supported the Non-Intrusion party prior to the Disruption, Sir George did not join the Free Church until 1851, and was therefore in the Established Church at the time spoken of in this paragraph.
	www.fpchurch.org.uk /EbBI/fpm/2003/November/article3.htm (2320 words)

	1843 in rail transport Definition / 1843 in rail transport Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		1843 in rail transport Definition / 1843 in rail transport Research
		This article will list events related to rail transport that occurred in 1843.
		John Cooke, future founder of Cooke Locomotive WorksThe Cooke Locomotive and Machine Works manufactured steam railroad locomotives from 1852 through 1926.
	www.elresearch.com /1843_in_rail_transport (139 words)

	David Octavius Hill & Robert Adamson
		An exhibition was staged at the Gallery in the 1990s.
		Hill began working on it in 1843 and completed it in 1866.
		The Disruption painting was DO Hill's most ambitious undertaking, but the result is generally accepted as being less successful than his calotypes.
	www.edinphoto.org.uk /pp_d/pp_hill_summary.htm (390 words)

	F.A.Q. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		John Knox, Andrew Melville, the National Covenant of 1638, the Covenanters and the Disruption of 1843 all illustrate the fact that the Scottish Church, whilst being prepared to recognise the authority of the secular power, was also prepared to follow the higher authority when there was a conflict.
		It is not the purpose of this essay to go into the history of the 1843 Disruption.
		There is one further aspect of the duty of the Church to society that was vital to the Disruption fathers and must be vital to us education.
	freechurch.org /crown2.html (7111 words)

	EPCEW Churches and Councils
		The Free Church of Scotland is a denomination founded in 1843, with churches in Scotland, England and other countries.
		The Free Church of Scotland (Continuing) maintains the distinctives of the 1843 disruption church, and was formed in 2000, with churches in Scotland and other countries.
		The Associated Presbyterian Churches denomination was formed in 1989 and stands in the Reformed Scottish tradition.
	www.epcew.org.uk /links-ecc.html (242 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: The Second Disruption: The Free Church in Victorian Scotland and the Origins of the Free ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He utilises a vast range of sources to offer varied perspectives on the issue and his use of primary sources, many unseen before, gives a very human angle on the personalities involved, previously only deified or demonised in presbyterian culture.
		The disruption - or secession (words are very loaded in this sphere) - becomes almost inevitable as MacLeod builds his case.
		Although I would not describe the Free Presbyterian Secession of 1893 in this way, Macleod has demonstrated that the men who formed the FP Church were very much the product of their (Highland) times, and that in some ways the split that took place within the late-19th century Free Church was inevitable.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/1862320977/202-1110762-7679803 (777 words)

	Chalmers Church Historical Background
		On the 10th of July, 1905, the new congregation held a congregational meeting at which it was unanimously approved that the new church be named "Chalmers Presbyterian Church, Mount Hamilton"-in memory of Dr.Thomas Chalmers, born at Anstruther, Fifeshire, Scotland, on March 17, 1780.
		His reputation, as a leader in the 1843 Disruption and preacher, was well known.
		He was the Moderator of the first assembly of the Free Church of Scotland, held in May 18th, 1843.
	church.chalmers.com /history1.htm (1227 words)

	From Krishna Pal to Lal Behari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He taught at Duff College (as the college was called which Duff had to found when he lost all mission property in the 1843 Disruption).
		He was licensed as a preacher in 1851 and ordained in 1855; and after independent pastoral charges in the Free Church of Scotland mission, became a Professor of English Literature at the Government Colleges in first in Berhampore and then in Hooghly and married the first Parsee woman convert, who had been educated in Scotland.
		May 1843 Copy of the Resolutions of the CMS Committee Meerut re Anundo Masih.
	www.multifaithnet.org /images/content/seminarpapers/FromKrishnaPaltoLalBehari.htm (11052 words)

	The New Penguin History of Scotland (Houston, Knox)
		There are no diagrams, graphs, maps, or tables to break up the text, but division of chapters into sections and subsections prevents monotony.
		The chapter divisions sometimes break logical connections -- the discussion of religion in the 1707 to 1832 chapter is awkwardly separated from the account of the 1843 Disruption of the church, for example, and the discussion of the 1707 Union is split between two chapters.
		The long chapters have their advantages, however, allowing the authors to articulate sustained arguments and to interpret and not just describe events.
	dannyreviews.com /h/Scotland.html (382 words)

	Howard Saint Andrew's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		St Andrew's Parish Church, Kilmarnock, was built as a chapel of ease for the mill-workers in its vicinity in 1841.
		In the wake of the 1843 Disruption, which led to the formation of the Free Church of Scotland, they revolted and joined the Free Church in 1844 and formed a new congregation called Free St Andrew's in Faulds Street, Kilmarnock, depleting what was still the relatively new congregation of St Andrew's Parish Church.
		At the 1929 union of churches, Free St Andrew's became part of the Church of Scotland and became known as St Andrew's North Church.
	www.kirk.i12.com /Church/history/historyd.htm (139 words)

	The Orcadian Features - Centenary of radical kirk minister
		After the Disruption in 1843 (when one third of the Church of Scotland’s ministers withdrew from the established church), Matthew Armour sided with the Free Church and continued his studies by attending classes held by leading Free Churchmen of the day, at George Street Hall, Edinburgh.
		The eldest son, Robert, crofted in Sanday for a time, and was no doubt grateful for what his father did for the island’s crofting community in 1888.
		In the immediate aftermath of the 1843 Disruption, having no property of its own, the Free Church was obliged to embark upon a programme of building – churches to house the congregations, manses to house the ministers and schools in which to teach the children.
	www.orcadian.co.uk /features/articles/centenaryofminister.htm (2272 words)

	St. Ninian's Craigmailen Parish Church Linlithgow, West Lothian.
		In 1843, the Disruption occurred within the Church of Scotland, over the issue of State control of the Church, and 451 Ministers (more than one third) broke away to form the Free Church.
		The Rev. John Fogo of Berwickshire, was elected Minister on 12th September, 1843, and a Church was opened on the first Sunday in September, 1844.
		The Church was situated at the junction of Falkirk Road and Bathgate Road and stood until 1971, when it was demolished.
	www.kirkweb.org /ninihist.htm (2601 words)

	New Church Building
		In this gift Mr Macdonald is following in the rich heritage of Scottish landowners who, throughout the years, and especially after the 1843 Disruption, have often given generously and freely to the cause of Christ in our land.
		We must always remember that the Lord said the widow’s mite was worth more than the riches of the rich.
		After the Disruption of 1843, the Free Church minister Dr Thomas Chalmers spoke of the “infinite power of infinitesimals”.
	www.stornowayfreenews.com /2003%20articles/new_church_building.htm (1658 words)

	1843 Disruption Definition / 1843 Disruption Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In one sense the Free Church of Scotland dated its existence from the Disruption of 1843 Events February 6 - The first minstrel show in the United States The Virginia Minstrels opens (Bowery Amphitheatre in New York City).
		February 11 - Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi premieres in Milan May 18 - The Disruption of the Church of Scotland took place in Edinburgh May 22 - The first major wagon train headed for the northwest sets out with one thousand pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri on the Oregon Trail.
		October 13 - In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others located B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewi...
	www.elresearch.com /1843_Disruption (362 words)

	PSS Members - Thomas Keith and George Skene Keith
		Alexander Keith, one of the Ministers featured on David Octavius Hill's painting of the 1843 Disruption of the Church of Scotland, where Ministers broke away to form the Free Church of Scotland.
		Alexander Keith above are calotypes taken by Hill and Adamson around 1843.
		George Skene Keith was a member of Sir James Young Simpson’s Research Team that pioneered the use of chloroform as an anesthetic.
	www.edinphoto.org.uk /3/3_pss_members_keith.htm (479 words)

	RE: [PresEvang] URGENT - current Barrier Act matter before Presbyteries/ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Historically Evangelicals in the Church of Scotland were concerned to protect themselves against Moderates and Moderate Patrons.
		This was a key ingredient in the pre-1843 Disruption events.
		It would not be sensible to set up something today which could be used in the future against Evangelicals who were in a minority in a particular presbytery or in the church as a whole.
	www.calvin.org.nz /List-Archive/PresEvang/msg00094.html (343 words)

	History of Scotland: Vol. Iii, from the Revolution of 1689 to the Disruption, 1843 - BROWN, HUME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Iii, from the Revolution of 1689 to the Disruption, 1843 - BROWN, HUME
		Iii, from the Revolution of 1689 to the Disruption, 1843
		Dark green cloth binding with gilt lettering on spine.
	antiqbook.com /boox/all/12299.shtml (73 words)

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