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Topic: Distal phalanges

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	Onychonychia hypoplastic distal phalanges - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Onychonychia hypoplastic distal phalanges (medical condition): A rare disorder characterized by underdeveloped or missing end bones in fingers and toes as well as nail abnormalities ranging from underdeveloped to completely absent.
		Onychonychia hypoplastic distal phalanges is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		This means that Onychonychia hypoplastic distal phalanges, or a subtype of Onychonychia hypoplastic distal phalanges, affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/onychonychia_hypoplastic_distal_phalanges.htm (272 words)

	Articles - Hand (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The deep flexor attaches to the distal phalanx, and the superficial flexor attaches to the middle phalanx.
		Distal phalanges are at the tips of the fingers and toes, the proximal phalanges are closest to the hand (or foot) and articulate with the metacarpals or metatarsals.
		The ungual phalanges, in form, resemble those of the fingers; but they are smaller and are flattened from above downward; each presents a broad base for articulation with the corresponding bone of the second row, and an expanded distal extremity for the support of the nail and end of the toe.
	www.divxa.com /articles/Phalanx_bones (1278 words)

	Distal phalanges - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Distal phalanges (single distal phalanx) are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrate skeletons.
		In humans, they are the finger bones located furthest from the shoulder joint, and the toe bones located furthest from the hip.
		Very often, distal phalanges are tipped with claws.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Distal_phalanges (125 words)

	Names of the bones (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Orientation: the carpals are proximal and the phalanges are distal.
		- the bones of the distal row articulate with the metacarpals; the trapezium is the lateral bone in the distal row.
		Orientation: the tarsals are proximal and the phalanges are distal.
	bio.winona.edu /dapkus/211/skeletal/textwo.htm (8450 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fxns: flex the 1st distal phalanx of the thumb, 2nd proximal phalanx and 1st metacarpal.
		Some of the key points: At the distal end of the forearm, the ulnar artery is lateral to the ulnar nerve, which passes lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris.
		At the distal end of the forearm, the radial artery lies lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis (this is where one usually measures the radial pulse).
	www.med.unc.edu /wms/firstaid/ga-Lab7.doc (2471 words)

	ANATOMY
		In the distal phalanges, the distal end is called the tuft; it does not have an articular surface, but provides attachment for the soft tissue (pulp) of the digit tip.
		Between the proximal phalanges and the metacarpals are the knuckles or metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints.
		The superficialis tendons insert on the bases of the middle phalanges; the profundus tendons insert on the bases of the distal phalanges.
	www.chionline.com /anatomy/anat4.html (1977 words)

	ANATOMY
		The distal end or head also has an articular surface, except for the distal phalanges, whose distal ends provide attachment for the soft tissue (pulp) of the digit tips.
		The ankle is the joint between the foot and the leg, the articulation of the talus with the distal tibia and fibula (Figures 16 and 17).
		The distal end of the fibula forms the lateral malleolus, the bony protuberance that can be seen and felt on the lateral side of the ankle.
	www.chionline.com /anatomy/anat3.html (3372 words)

	A to Z listing of Stock Models
		Full size normal right elbow (humerus to hand) includes: biceps brachii, brachialis, pronator teres and supinator muscles; distal, middle and proximal phalanges, humerus, metacarpal, thumb distal phalanx, radius and ulna bones; extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor retinaculum and palmar carpal ligaments; radial, median and ulnar nerves.
		Full size solid cast of hand, wrist and forearm bones features: distal, middle and proximal phalanges, distal and proximal phalanges of the thumb, metacarpal bones, thenar muscle, palmar carpal ligament, median nerve, flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate, hook of hamate, palmaris longus tendon, interosseous membrane, radius and ulna.
		Foot/ankle anatomy also includes: tibia, fibula, calcaneus, calcaneal (Achilles) tendon, deltoid ligament, lateral (collateral) ligament, plantar aponeurosis, cuneiform, phalanges, cuboid, navicular, and metatarsal bones.
	www.gpianatomicals.com /atoz.php (2136 words)

	Hand
		This bone is in the distal row of the carpals, between the trapezium and the capitate bones.
		The head (distal end) of each metacarpal bone is bulbous at the site of articulation with the phalanges, and features small projections or knobs to which the ligaments of the fingers and palm attach.
		The phalanges are referred to by their position with respect to the body when the hand is extended.
	www.american.edu /adonahue/k9hand.htm (1041 words)

	Foot
		The talus is one of the three distal bones of the tarsus, or ankle.
		The head (distal end) of each metatarsal bone is bulbous at the site of articulation with the phalanges, and features small projections or knobs to which the ligaments of the toes and foot attach.
		The phalanges are referred to by their position with respect to the body when the foot is extended.
	www.american.edu /adonahue/kines2.htm (594 words)

	Laguna Medical Systems
		The joints between the forearm and proximal row of carpals are the radiocarpal and ulnocarpal joints, and the joint between the proximal and distal rows of carpals is the mid-carpal joint.
		is the zone in the palmar or volar surface of the hand between the distal palmar crease (the crease closest to the fingers) and the middle of the middle phalanx (middle finger).
		To begin the procedure, the surgeon harvests a segment of the iliac crest and sculpts it to replace the amputated proximal and distal phalanges of the thumb.
	www.lagunamedsys.com /edgearchive/feature051599.htm (3978 words)

	Anatomy Tables - Anterior & Lateral Leg & Foot
		the cuboid bone articulates with the calcaneus proximally and the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones distally
		there are a total of 14 phalanges in the foot; the great toe has two phalanges (proximal and distal) and each of the other four toes has three phalanges (proximal, middle and distal);
		the proximal, middle and distal phalanges each have a head; the head of a proximal or middle phalanx articulates with the base of the next most distal phalanx
	anatomy.med.umich.edu /musculoskeletal_system/leg_tables.html (2093 words)

	Unit VIII
		The ankle joint, which is the distal aspect of the tibia and the fibula articulating with the talus, is the most proximal joint.
		The ankle joint is comprised of the distal aspects of the tibia and fibula that form a square shaped opening in which the body of the talus fits.
		The MP and IP joints are the articulations of the heads of the metatarsals with the proximal phalanges and the articulations of the proximal phalanges to the middle phalanges, and the middle phalanges to the distal phalanges.
	www.courses.vcu.edu /DANC291-003/unit_8.htm (5055 words)

	Extensor Region of the Forearm
		the humerus articulates proximally with the scapula at the glenoid fossa; it articulates distally with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint
		the ulna articulates proximally with the trochlea of the humerus and the head of the radius; it articulates distally with the ulnar notch of the radius
		interosseous membrane and the posterolateral surface of the distal ulna
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/extensorforearm.html (1994 words)

	Tropical Medicine Central Resource (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tapering and spindling of the residual shafts of the proximal phalanges are apparent.
		There is greater resorption of the proximal and middle phalanges of the left toe than of the right, where smooth concentric resorption of a lesser degree is noted.
		The distal portion of the middle finger has been amputated with loss of the terminal phalanx and resorption of most of the middle phalanx.
	tmcr.usuhs.mil /tmcr/chapter37/imaging3.htm (526 words)

	Appendicular Skeleton: Hand (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Phalanges at the tips of fingers and the thumb are distal phalanges.
		The four phalanges in the fingers that are connected to both a distal and proximal phalanx are called middle phalanges.
		There are 5 metcarpals that connect to proximal phalanges and carpals.
	www.shockfamily.net /skeleton/HAND.HTML (111 words)

	The Harvard University BBS website: May Bulletin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This process proceeds distally to form the carpals (tarsals) of the wrist, the metacarpals (metatarsals) of the hand, and the proximal and medial phalanges of the digits.
		A mouse insertional mutant in which the proximal and medial phalanges are missing in both forelimbs and hindlimbs, has afforded me a unique opportunity to study the genes required for the final cartilage segmentation events of the distal limb.
		Further studies of the function of BMPRIB and the origin of the distal promoter, required for expression in the limb, should provide additional insights into the processes that give rise to the shape and number of skeletal elements in the distal limb, as well as provide clues to their evolutionary origin.
	www.hms.harvard.edu /dms/bbs/bulletin/0500_may/digit.html (1012 words)

	ROR2 Mutations Cause Brachydactyly Type B and Robinow Syndrome - Research Group Mundlos
		A marked variability in phenotypic expression ranging from an amputation-like phenotype with absence of nails and distal phalanges of fingers II-V to a much milder phenotype comprising merely slightly shortened terminal phalanges and nails, symphalangism and, in some cases, camptodactyly is observed.
		Homozygous BDB is a rare human malformation characterized by severe skeletal defects primarily affecting the distal limbs and the spine.
		The limb phenotype in the patient presented is characterized by complete absence or severe hypoplasia of the distal and middle phalanges of hands and feet and absent nails.
	www.molgen.mpg.de /research/mundlos/projects_ror2.html (514 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Four of their patients showed hypoplasia of the distal phalanges, which was ascribed to Dilantin in 2 cases in which the mothers had a history of use of that drug during gestation.
		Maroteaux (1989) described 4 cases of chondrodysplasia punctata with hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the fingers.
		The phalangeal anomaly is important to the diagnosis after the second and third years of life, when the epiphyseal stippling is no longer present.
	zeta.embl-heidelberg.de:8000 /srs5bin/cgi-bin/wgetz?-e+[omim-id:302950] (2469 words)

	eMedicine - Hand, Anatomy : Article by Bünyamin Sahin, DVM, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While the distal end of the sheath is attached to the base of the distal phalanx, the proximal end is open and allows the entrance of the long tendons to the fingers, to form an osseofibrous tunnel for the tendons.
		The tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus enter the fibrous sheaths at the level of the base of the metacarpals and extend distally to insert onto the volar surface of the bases of the distal phalanges of the medial 4 fingers.
		This joint constitutes the distal articular surfaces of the radius and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic296.htm (5283 words)

	Brachydactyly in 14 Genetically Characterized Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ia Patients -- de Sanctis et al. 89 (4): ...
		V metacarpals and the I distal phalanx (1), is the typical and
		distal phalanx and 65% for the IV metacarpal (21).
		or relative shortening of the metacarpals and distal phalanges
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/4/1650 (2683 words)

	Clinical and radiological assessment of a family with mild brachydactyly type A1: the usefulness of metacarpophalangeal ...
		Shortness is most apparent in all middle, the proximal and distal 1st phalanges, and the 4th and 5th metacarpals.
		They are small overall with particular shortness of the 2nd and 5th middle phalanges, and to a lesser degree of the 1st and 2nd distal phalanges and of the 5th metacarpals.
		They are small with variable shortness of the 2nd-5th middle phalanges, of the 1st proximal and distal phalanges, and of the 4th and 5th metacarpals, with early fusion and cone shaped deformities of the affected epiphyses.
	jmg.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/37/4/292 (2257 words)

	Gross Anatomy: FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE DIGITS
		This hood moves distal to the MP joint when this joint is flexed by the extrinsic finger flexors and proximal to the MP joint when extended by the extensor finger extesnors.
		The lumbricals attach somewhat distal and have a greater effect on the central lateral bands.
		The range of motion of flexion would be limited if extension of the fingers were accomplished by a single tendon inserting on the extensor side of the distal phalanx in the same manner in which the flexor digitorum profundus does on the flexor side.
	www.upstate.edu /cdb/grossanat/limbs5.shtml (2262 words)

	Anonychia and absence/hypoplasia of distal phalanges (Cooks syndrome): report of a second family -- Nevin et al. 32 ...
		Anonychia and absence/hypoplasia of distal phalanges (Cooks syndrome): report of a second family -- Nevin et al.
		Anonychia and absence/hypoplasia of distal phalanges (Cooks syndrome): report of a second family
		absence/hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the hands and feet.
	jmg.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/32/8/638 (143 words)

	KCKCC.EDU - unit 2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Toes are made up of bones called phalanges just like the hand.
		Great toe (hallux) has proximal and distal phalanges, no middle.
		All other toes have three phalanges each = proximal, middle and distal.
	www.kckcc.cc.ks.us /faculty/lgreen/unit_2.htm (215 words)

	Fractures of the distal phalanges - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Fractures of the distal phalanges - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Less than one half of distal phalangeal fractures will have united by then.
		Factors that carry a poor prognosis include osteolysis of fractured fragments, subungual haematomas and non -union of fractures.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/fractures_of_the_distal_phalanges (92 words)

	Anatomy Tables - Foot
		flexes the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5; plantar flexes the foot
		flex metatarsophalangeal joint, extend proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints
		dorsum of foot, excluding pollex and distal phalangeal segments of digits
	med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/limbs/foot_tables.html (1590 words)

	EponaShoe Flexible Polyurethane Horseshoes
		A central method used in our analysis of the latero-medial radiograph is the fitting of a circle to the distal ends of the first two phalanges, P1 and P2, and taking the center of those circles to represent the center of articulation (COA) of the corresponding joint.
		We find that picking key points on the distal end of P2 to find the coffin-joint axis is more reliable than attempting measures on the underside of P3 in DP radiographs.
		The palmar surface of P3 as imaged in DP radiographs is often fuzzy, highly dependent on the relative angle of the foot and the x-ray source, and hence prone to error.
	www.eponatech.com /resources/papers/Morphology.htm (3595 words)

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