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Topic: Distillation Processes

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	Class Definition for Class 203 - DISTILLATION: PROCESSES, SEPARATORY
		This is the residual class for processes for separating a liquid mixture (distilland) by vaporizing and condensing at least a portion thereof to isolate in the condensed liquid (distillate) or in the unvaporized portion (residue) a comparatively pure compound which was present as such in the original mixture.
		Processes directed to separating (1) the atoms of a given element or a compound containing said atoms according to the atomic weights of said atoms according to the atomic weights of said atoms or (2) a mixture containing at least two tautomeric forms of a substance initially in a state of equilibrium.
		Processes including adding an element or a chemical compound or mixture (of substances) to the distilland or the vapor to inhibit or prevent formation of scale on the apparatus and/or to inhibit or prevent corrosion of the apparatus and/or to inhibit or prevent an unwanted reaction of the feed, vapor, residue or condensate.
	www.uspto.gov /go/classification/uspc203/defs203.htm (4734 words)

	Distillation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The minimum in distillation is flash evaporation, where either the temperature is rapidly increased or pressure reduced, and vapor and liquid fractions are thus obtained, which may be processed as such.
		The device used in distillation is referred to as a still and consists at a minimum of a reboiler or pot in which the source material is heated, a condenser in which the heated vapor is cooled back to the liquid state, and a receiver in which the concentrated or purified liquid is collected.
		A distillation apparatus sometimes used by chemists is a rotary evaporator to distill (or evaporate) away solvent from a solution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Distillation (933 words)

	Class Definition for Class 201 - DISTILLATION: PROCESSES, THERMOLYTIC
		Processes in which volatile components of the material being heated are removed as vapor without at least a portion of the vapor being condensed to a liquid are not within the purview of this class (201).
		for a process of separating a solid from a liquid, especially subclasses 702+ for an accretion or precipitation process; and subclasses 767+ for a skimming, settling or filtration process.
		Processes which include a treatment of the surface of the particles of the charge to reduce or prevent agglomerating or foaming or swelling during distillation.
	www.uspto.gov /go/classification/uspc201/defs201.htm (4297 words)

	The Distillation Group, Inc. Distillation
		Processing mode refers to the way in which feed and product are introduced and withdrawn from the process.
		The distiller fills a container at the start, then heats it, as time goes by the vapors are condensed to make the alcoholic drink.
		Extractive distillation uses a MSA that increases the volatility difference between the compounds to be separated.
	www.distillationgroup.com /distill.htm (2049 words)

	AE-117
		The process involves a controlled flow of liquid beer (preferably preheated and with all solids removed), which is fed into the top of the stripping portion of the column.
		The process has the characteristic that, as alcohol vapor is boiled off from the beer, the concentration of alcohol in the beer becomes less and less.
		The process uses two parallel columns packed with cornmeal or other organic materials, with one column used for adsorption, while the other is being regenerated (by forcing a hot inert gas through the organic bed to evaporate the water absorbed).
	www.ces.purdue.edu /extmedia/AE/AE-117.html (9664 words)

	Encyclopedia of Desalination and Water Resources : Home Page
		In a distillation process, water is first boiled and then the steam, or water vapor, is cooled.
		Distillation is a two-step process involving both evaporation and condensation, heat must be added in one step and removed in the other.
		In all the distillation processes, the steam is condensed by transferring heat from the steam to salt water as part of the heat source required to convert more water into steam.
	www.desware.net (646 words)

	OSHA TECHNICAL MANUAL - SECTION IV: CHAPTER 2
		There are several processes in use for solvent dewaxing, but all have the same general steps, which are: (1) mixing the feedstock with a solvent, (2) precipitating the wax from the mixture by chilling, and (3) recovering the solvent from the wax and dewaxed oil for recycling by distillation and steam stripping.
		Solvent treatment is essentially a closed process and, although operating pressures are relatively low, the potential exists for fire from a leak or spill contacting a source of ignition such as the drier or extraction heater.
		In a typical low-temperature process, the feed to the isomerization plant is n-butane or mixed butanes mixed with hydrogen (to inhibit olefin formation) and passed to the reactor at 230°-340° F and 200-300 psi.
	www.osha.gov /dts/osta/otm/otm_iv/otm_iv_2.html (10392 words)

	Oxygen - Background, Raw Mcatericals, The Manufacturing, Quality Control
		Because this process utilizes an extremely cold cryogenic section to separate the air, all impurities that might solidify—such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and certain heavy hydrocarbons—must first be removed to prevent them from freezing and plugging the cryogenic piping.
		In the fractional distillation process, the components are gradually separated in several stages.
		Because all distillation processes work on the principle of boiling a liquid to separate one or more of the components, a cryogenic section is required to provide the very low temperatures needed to liquefy the gas components.
	www.madehow.com /Volume-4/Oxygen.html (2424 words)

	Reactive Distillation
		Because of the complex interactions between chemical reaction and separation, the performance of a reactive distillation column is influenced by several parameters, e.g.
		One aim is to optimize existing reactive distillation processes like the methyl acetate synthesis and hydrolysis process regarding scale-up and parametric sensitivity.
		Another goal is to evaluate the possibilities of reactive distillation as a process alternative for other reaction types by experiments and simulation studies.
	www.uni-oldenburg.de /tchemie/Exp_ReaktivDistillation.html (407 words)

	The Hendrix Group - petroleum refining corrosion
		Refining is the processing of one complex mixture of hydrocarbons into a number of other complex mixtures of hydrocarbons.
		Fractionation (distillation) is the separation of crude oil in atmospheric and vacuum distillation towers into groups of hydrocarbon compounds of differing boiling-point ranges called fractions or cuts.
		The sections of the process susceptible to corrosion include (but may not be limited to) preheat exchanger (HCl and H2S), preheat furnace and bottoms exchanger (H2S and sulfur compounds), atmospheric tower and vacuum furnace (H2S, sulfur compounds, and organic acids), vacuum tower (H2S and organic acids), and overhead (H2S, HCl, and water).
	www.hghouston.com /refining.html (8939 words)

	Distillation Processes
		This is because you will use a solvent, such as water, glycerine, or alcohol, to dissolve the oils from the organic material and to carry them on the vapor to the condenser, and ultimately to your collection container.
		As vapor rises in the distillation column, the temperature gradually decreases.
		Imagine that the illustration to the left is your distillation column (please note that during distillation the temperature breakdown will not be as evenly spaced as shown in the diagram).
	www.home-distiller.com /distillation_processes.htm (839 words)

	Chemical engineering
		distillation or chlorination) are called unit operations and consist of chemical reaction, mass-, heat- and momentum- transfer operations.
		The movement of mass and energy around a chemical process are evaluatedusing mass and energy balances which apply these laws to whole plants, unit operations or discrete parts of equipment.
		The task of performing these balances are now aided by process simulators, whichare complex software models that can solve mass and energy balances, and usually have built-in model to simulate a variety ofcommon unit operations.
	www.therfcc.org /chemical-engineering-264.html (415 words)

	LPT: Modeling and Simulation of Reactive Distillation Processes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In recent years reactive distillation processes, which combine reaction and separation in a single apparatus, gained importance in process design, since they are economically favorable in many cases.
		Moreover, experimental validation is focused on the steady state behaviour of the reactive distillation columns in almost all cases.
		Nevertheless, validated mathematical models of reactive distillation columns are the prerequisite for model-based process design, analysis of the nonlinear dynamic behavior, control design as well as optimization techniques.
	www.lpt.rwth-aachen.de /Research/Completed/reactive.php (923 words)

	US Patent Classes - Chemical Group
		Class: 205 Electrolysis: processes, compositions used therein, and methods of preparing the compositions
		Class: 422 Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing
		Class: 75 Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal power compositions, etc.
	www.ibiblio.org /patents/chgroup.html (367 words)

	The Distillation Group, Inc. Training
		An introduction to the fundamentals of distillation processes and equipment for process plant engineers and operators.
		Crude distillation units are involve complex linkages of heat and material flows in the process sequence.
		The crude distillation course covers processing of crude through the different parts of a crude distillation unit.
	www.distillationgroup.com /training.htm (762 words)

	Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic - Industry Patent Mapping Report - Market Research Reports - Research and Markets
		The data has been presented in a user-friendly manner that attempts to summarize patent intelligence concisely, while retaining comprehensiveness of scope and depth.
		As such, users will be able to use the information obtained from the reports instantaneously for strategic and operational decision-making, and without the need to invest in further processing.
		As IPC or UPC are not viable in themselves for assigning an invention to an industry, because they focus specifically on the technology, not on industries that may manufacture or use the technology, it is necessary to assign inventions to industries.
	www.researchandmarkets.com /reportinfo.asp?report_id=225692 (682 words)

	LPT: Shortcut Methods for Complex Distillation Processes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While recent generalizations of the classical Underwood method have provided a comprehensive suite of short-cut procedures for all complex distillation arrangements in the case of ideal mixtures, comparably general techniques are still missing in case of nonideal and azeotropic mixtures.
		The energy requirement of a distillation process is the main contributor of its operating costs.
		Instead of using rigorous process models to solve the design problem of finding an optimal process configuration, all alternatives are ranked based on the minimum energy demand.
	www.lpt.rwth-aachen.de /Research/shortcut.php (1807 words)

	eBooks.com - Special Distillation Processes eBook
		Special distillation processes are required for separation of mixtures close to boiling point or for forming azeotrope mixtures into their pure components.
		In Special Distillation Processes, the authors focus on latest developments in the field, such as separation methods that may prove useful for solving problems encountered during research.
		Comprehensive and easy-to-read, this book provides key information needed to understand the processes and is a valuable reference source for chemical engineers as well as students wishing to branch out in chemical engineering.
	www.ebooks.com /ebooks/book_display.asp?IID=269957 (316 words)

	2007 Annual Meeting Salt Lake City
		02B05 Four Decades of Excellence in Crystallization and Separation Process Engineering: Session to Honor Prof.
		20020 Catalytic Processing Of Fossil Fuels And Biofuels (6)
		T4003 Separations and Processing of Streams Derived from Renewable Feedstocks (6)
	aiche.confex.com /aiche/2007/preliminaryprogram (3534 words)

	Constraint Control of Distillation Processes
		Roffel, B.; Fontein, H.J. There is a growmg interest to design and operate chemical processes for reduced energy consumption.
		As an example a comparison is made between the distillation of binary mixtures in a conventional distillation column, a vapour recompression system and a two column heat integrated system.
		For all three configurations constraint control schemes are proposed.
	stratingh.eldoc.ub.rug.nl /root/RoffelB/1979/ChemEngSciRoffel (83 words)

	US Patent Class 203-- DISTILLATION: PROCESSES, SEPARATORY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		.~ One a distillation under positive pressure or vacuum
		.~.~.~ Initial distillation under positive pressure or vacuum
		DISTILLATION IN APPARATUS OR ELEMENT OF SPECIFIC MATERIAL
	www.patentec.com /data/class/203.html (254 words)

	Sanjay.M.Mahajani
		Experimental and theoretical investigations to check the feasibility of reactive adsorption (chromatography), reactive distillation and extractive reactions for industrially important processes.
		Effect of velocity field on gas-liquid and liquid-liquid reactions in mechanically agitated and bubble contactors.
		Mahajani S. and Chopade S. P., Reactive Distillation: Processes of Commercial Importance, to be appeared in Encyclopedia of Separation Science, (2000) Academic Press, London, UK.
	www.che.iitb.ac.in /faculty/sm.html (239 words)

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