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Topic: Distinctive feature

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	Distinctive feature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In linguistics, distinctive features are the elements which distinguish one phoneme or allophone from one another.
		One is the manner of articulation, such as whether the flow of air is stopped (a stop consonant), passes through the nose (a nasal consonant), is made turbulent (a fricative), or is barely affected at all (an approximant).
		In such conceptions, a high vowel may be said to have a feature height but not low ("+high, −low"), a low vowel the feature low but not height ("−high, +low"), and a mid vowel neither ("−high, −low"), with the combination "+high, +low" not being considered sensible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Distinctive_feature (489 words)

	MTO 7.3: Wannamaker: Structure and Perception in Herma by Iannis Xenakis
		In the analysis of artistic artifacts, features provide the essential descriptive primitives by which the unique characters of individual works may be identified, and by which the commonalities of styles, periods, and genres may be portrayed.
		The feature might be isolated from preceding and ensuing material; it might tend to appear at the beginning and ending of the work, or at the beginnings and ends of phrases.
		Features may be salient because of intratextual or intertextual treatments--including prevalence, primacy, recency, evocation, quotation, allusion, parody, and model.
	mto.societymusictheory.org /issues/mto.01.7.4/mto.01.7.4.huron_essay.html (7598 words)

	Phonetics and Phonology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		You should note that the set of distinctive features outlined in this topic is provided for the purposes of historical background only and is not the set of distinctive features to be used in any assessment task in this course.
		This topic examines more recent developments in Distinctive Feature Theory, most of which are developments of the version of this theory outlined in Chomsky and Halle's Sound Patterns of English (1968), and the proposals of Halle and Stevens (1971).
		The set of distinctive features adopted for use in this course are almost identical to those outlined in Halle and Clements (1983), but with a few modifications.
	www.ling.mq.edu.au /speech/phonetics/phonology/features (224 words)

	Phonetics and Phonology
		Since schwa wasn't to be considered a phoneme it wasn't necessary to explain it in terms of features as the features are phonological, not phonetic.
		In table 2 there was a vacant slot for /eː/ and, if this distinctive feature model is correct, there was therefore nothing to prevent the diphthong from surviving the process of monophthongisation by becoming a distinct tense vowel.
		The feature "onglide" is proposed here as a feature that accounts for the virtually universal existence of an on-glide for /i:/ in Australian English.
	www.ling.mq.edu.au /speech/phonetics/phonology/features/auseng_features.html (2400 words)

	Distinctive Feature Theory
		Larger sets of features were chosen because it was felt that it was appropriate to sacrifice mathematical simplicity in favour of a feature labelling system which appeared to related these phonological features with the phonetic set of Classical Phonetics.
		The distinctive feature set most usually found is approximately that of M. Halle and G.N. Clements 'Problem Book in Phonology' [Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1983], which is based on the Chomsky and Halle set.
		A 'incomplete' distinctive feature matrix uses blanks to indicate redundancy (and let you know where cells are the subject of redundancy rules), whereas a 'fully specified' distinctive feature matrix has all cells filled with either a + or a -.
	www.msu.edu /course/asc/232/DF/df-theory.html (1700 words)

	Ernest Bloch Lectures - 1999: Lecture 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the case of the analysis of artistic artifacts, features provide essential descriptive primitives by which the unique characters of individual works may be identified, and by which the commonalities of styles, periods, and genres may be portrayed.
		In identifying a feature, we must always be cognizant of the question "feature of what?" Features may be characteristic of a work, of a movement, of a composer, of a style, of tonal music in general, and so forth.
		All of the foregoing attributes or properties of a feature are attempts to approach the central issue related to a feature: its importance, eminence or significance.
	www.music-cog.ohio-state.edu /Music220/Bloch.lectures/4.Analysis.html (7578 words)

	The RM: Reading the World Wide Web: Critical Literacy for the New Century by Alice S. Horning
		Distinctive features are important in the spoken form of the language because they help insure that speakers understand one another.
		A good example of how the distinctive features help with the written form would be a text that is visually difficult to read: say one that is written in handwriting that is illegible, or printing that is unclear such as in a smeared page of the newspaper.
		Features of word sequences entail the various types of phrases (noun phrases, adjective phrases and the like) and the main types of sentences, simple, compound, complex, declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, active, and passive.
	www.readingmatrix.com /articles/horning (6700 words)

	Features
		distinctive feature: A feature that is able to signal a difference in meaning by changing its plus or minus value (e.g.
		One of the first things that you will notice in looking at a list of distinctive features in phonetics is that is expressed as a set of binary features, present or absent.
		The first step in feature analysis of a kinship system is to construct a chart of kin terms using a geneological grid.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /Courses/P096/features.html (851 words)

	Manual of Church Discipline, Reverend Eleazer Savage \| The Reformed Reader
		The distinctive feature of this class, is, equal injury of all, and equal satisfaction to all, the members.
		The distinctive feature of this class is, such enormity of offence as requires prompt exclusion for the honor of the cause.
		Now this classification of offences, with the distinctive feature of each class; and the rule of treatment in each case, should be as familiar to every church member, as the multiplication table is, to every active arithmetician.
	www.reformedreader.org /rbb/savage/mcdremarks.htm (1729 words)

	Secretary's Standards--Treatment of Historic Properties
		Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property will be preserved.
		Materials, features, spaces, and finishes that characterize other historical periods will be documented prior to their alteration or removal.
		Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize the restoration period will be preserved.
	www.cr.nps.gov /local-law/arch_stnds_8_2.htm (1506 words)

	The Distinctive Features Method
		Instead of focusing instructional time on the meaning and usage of words, the Distinctive Features Method focuses the learnerÌs attention to the visually distinguishing characteristics of the printed word that he or she must learn to identify -- i.e., the distinctive features of words (Gibson, E.G., 1965, 1970).
		The Distinctive Feature Method of teaching sight vocabulary finds its theoretical basis in the work of Eleanor GibsonÌs studies of the development of learning to recognize and remember the perceptually distinctive features or characteristics of graphically presented materials.
		The theory underlying the Distinctive Features Method is that the learnerÌs attention must be focused on those visual or graphic characteristics or features of words that help the student distinguish that word from others and provide a visually memorable stimulus or perceptual unit.
	www.readingcenter.buffalo.edu /center/research/distinct.html (1915 words)

	Classification and Distinctive Features
		Jakobson and Halle - Fundamentals of Language (1956) introduced the notion of ‘distinctive features.’ Rather than treating sounds as chunks, Jakobson and Halle proposed that each sound be decomposed into ‘features’ which distinguishes it from every other sound.
		When we establish the phonemic inventory of a specified language, we begin with a phonetic grid of possible distinctions, then try to establish minimal pairs to see which distinctions in articulation are meaningful in that language.
		Establishing Domains and Features (Each of these is a technique to be used after a general model of domain and feature has been proposed.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/clasification.html (978 words)

	Western Illinois University - Undergraduate Research Day 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		According to the distinctive feature approach, a child that misarticulates does so because they have not learned all of the distinctive features or they have not learned them properly.
		A feature is taught by using the contrast, or the binary values of the feature.
		A child can be trained to learn the distinctive feature(s) in several different ways with minimal pairs, maximal pairs, or simultaneous training of two features using minimal or maximal pairs.
	www.wiu.edu /Honors/researchday/abstract05.php?id=64 (268 words)

	[No title]
		In fact, postulating underdeveloped distinctive feature characterisations like that of English /l/, is as much about explanation as it is about economy.
		Suppose now that we turn the tables and assign primacy to the features, viewing them as forming the dimensions of some multi-dimensional phonological space within which the phonemes of a language are then able emerge.
		features are directly used in the decoding of utterances.
	www.personal.rdg.ac.uk /~llsling1/Logo.WWW/Sound.patterns/Features.html (1342 words)

	HP All-in-One Product Family - Using the Distinctive Ring Feature on an HP Fax Product
		If the distinctive ring telephone number is used exclusively for the HP fax product, the fax can then function similarly to a fax on a dedicated telephone line.
		When a distinctive ring option is selected from the fax setting, the HP fax product will answer the phone only when it detects the selected ring pattern.
		Distinctive ring will prevent fax calls from being intercepted by these services if these services are not on the distinctive ring number.
	h10025.www1.hp.com /ewfrf/wc/genericDocument?lc=en&cc=us&docname=bpu04088 (564 words)

	" + sTitle + " (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		You can have up to 12 numbers stored or alternatively, if you have subscribe to the Call Waiting feature a distinctive call waiting tone will notify you of an incoming call while you are on the phone.
		Enables you to assign a separate, distinctive ring to a maximum of 12 callers.
		By pressing 61 after setting up access, the customer can query feature* status, activate the service screening, review the telephone numbers on the list, and add or delete telephone numbers by dialing a code as directed by voice announcement.
	www.btc.bm /D1/PR02-02.asp (237 words)

	Pattern recognition system employing unlike templates to detect objects having distinctive features in a video field ...
		Initially a first template, having a first pattern similar to one of the distinctive features of the object, is passed over the video field and compared to it in order to preliminarily identify at least one possible distinctive feature as a candidate.
		A second template is then created by taking one of the major elements of the distinctive feature candidate and extending that element all the way across the second template and then comparing it to the distinctive feature candidate.
		A third template is then created having a pattern formed from another major element of said distinctive feature and extending it all the way across the third template.
	www.delphion.com /details?&pn=US05627915__ (581 words)

	Troubleshooting Distinctive Ring
		Distinctive Ring support in your modem hardware (that is, the modem must support true Distinctive Ring, and not DRON/DROFF).
		The best way to test the Distinctive Ring feature is to use a terminal data program, such as the HyperTerminal program in Windows 95/98.
		If Distinctive Ring is not working, only the word RING is displayed for each incoming ring.
	support.microsoft.com /support/kb/articles/Q240/9/96.ASP (765 words)

	How to set up and troubleshoot Distinctive Ring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Distinctive Ring is a telephone service that enables you to use two or three telephone numbers on the same phone line.
		Distinctive Ring can only be used in Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows Me. Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, and Windows XP do not support caller ID or Distinctive Ring using its version of TAPI.
		If Distinctive Ring is unavailable, see that all the requirements have been met and that the modem is configured to use TAPI instead of a COM port.
	service4.symantec.com /SUPPORT/faxprod.nsf/docid/1998092312450604 (1191 words)

	Introduction to Segmental Phonology: Documentation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The theoretical framework that first popularized the use of distinctive features was established by Chomsky and Halle (1968).
		Since distinctive features were introduced, there has been a considerable amount of debate regarding the set of distinctive features necessary to describe all of the phonological segments found in natural languages.
		While there are arguments for and against the inclusion of particular features, this project required the definition of a static feature set.
	www.linguistics.ucsb.edu /projects/featuresoftware/help.php?section=feature_set (138 words)

	Introduction to Segmental Phonology: Documentation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A distinctive feature table (DFT) is a table that displays the values of all the distinctive features in the feature set for the segments specified by the user.
		The set of segments displayed in a particular table is dynamic; it is determined by the phoneme sets and filters selected by the user.
		The feature names are listed down the lefthand side of the table and the features values appear below the appropriate segment.
	www.linguistics.ucsb.edu /projects/featuresoftware/help.php?section=dft (193 words)

	Guidelines for Use of the SAS Name and Logo
		Otherwise, the only time you can use SAS Distinctive Features without advance written permission is if there is clear and express language on our website stating that you can use those features without first obtaining permission.
		Display a SAS Distinctive Feature in any manner that implies a relationship or affiliation with, sponsorship, or endorsement by SAS, or that can be reasonably interpreted to suggest editorial content has been authored by, or represents the views or opinions of SAS or SAS personnel;
		Display a SAS Distinctive Feature in a manner that is in SAS's sole opinion misleading, defamatory, infringing, libelous, disparaging, obscene or otherwise objectionable to SAS;
	www.sas.org /nameNLogo.html (611 words)

	LINGUIST List 8.1537: Immanent Approach, Distinctive Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This so-to-speak inner, IMMANENT approach, which locates the distinctive features and their bundles within the speech sounds, be it on their motor, acoustical or auditory level, is the most appropriate premise for phonetic operation, although it has been repeatedly contested by outer approaches which in different ways divorce phonemes from concrete sounds...
		Avoiding the hitherto dominant transcendent point of view and seeking an immanent understanding of language as self-subsistent, specific structure, and seeking a constant within language itself, not outside it, linguistic theory begins by circumscribing the scope of its object...
		From Clare Gallaway University of Manchester Earlier in the month I posted a request for references on the use of distinctive feature analysis to measure progress in children with phonological output problems.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/8/8-1537.html (403 words)

	Abstract Kingston
		Their experiments didn't test whether learning was also impaired by variability across the different phonemes belonging to the natural class defined by a distinctive feature value.
		Finally, if listeners abstract a feature-based prototype, learning the class is discovering the relevant feature, and more training vowels should improve learning so long as they narrow down the choice between the class's defining feature value vs values that vary within the class.
		Additional pairs don't narrow down the choice of features compared to just one, so generalization should be just as good with one as two or three training pairs.
	www.mpi.nl /world/patclas/abstrKingston.html (673 words)

	HST Research
		The goal of this research is to quantify and compare the acoustic correlates of nasal consonants in the syllable- final position in English and Standard Chinese, within the framework of the distinctive features theory.
		A goal is to develop algorithms that classify the nasal consonant place of articulation as a component of a universal distinctive feature-based speech recognition system.
		Specifically, nasal codas in English and Standard Chinese are compared to distinguish between the distinctive features that are language universal and the enhancing gestures that are language specific.
	hst.mit.edu /servlet/ControllerServlet?handler=ResearchHandler&action=view&topicID=1772 (304 words)

	I'm Looking for thoughts on Distinctive features and Invisibility. - HERO GAMES Discussion Boards
		If I make the Distinct feature non-disguiseable, would that imply that you couldn't make it invisible, or does the power over ride the disad.
		If someone has the ability to conceal their distinctive feature, then the feature is concealable.
		For this specific case, I'd probably rule that the Disad is reduced from Non Concealable to Concealable with Effort or Easily Concealable (depending on the ease of use of the Invisibility).
	www.herogames.com /forums/showthread.php?t=30933 (1750 words)

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