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Tab 5 - Pain & Distress |
 | | Stress is not always damaging to the animal and certain types of mild stress such as the introduction of novel stimuli into the animal's environment and exposure to novel handling methods may be beneficial to the animal by teaching it to adapt to changes which are very likely to occur from time to time. |
 | | Distress: An inferred aversive state based on a variety of behavioral, physiologic, and psychologic indices of an animal's inability to adapt to the effect of stressors and the attendant stress. |
 | | Assessment of pain must be based primarily on observations of abnormal behavioral and physiologic responses that demonstrate anxiety and fear (e.g., distress vocalization, struggling, stumbling, escape activity, defensive aggression or freezing, muscular tremors, pupillary dilation, salivation, reflex urination and defecation, panting and sweating, and tachycardia). |
| oacu.od.nih.gov /ac_cbt/tab5paindistress.html (1303 words) |
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